pip arc01015(architechtural & building utilities design criteria)

June 2002

Process Industry PracticesArchitectural

PIP ARC01015Architectural and Building Utilities

Design Criteria

PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES

In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice hasbeen prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of majorindustrial users, contractors, or standards organizations. By harmonizing thesetechnical requirements into a single set of Practices, administrative, application, andengineering costs to both the purchaser and the manufacturer should be reduced. Whilethis Practice is expected to incorporate the majority of requirements of most users,individual applications may involve requirements that will be appended to and takeprecedence over this Practice. Determinations concerning fitness for purpose andparticular matters or application of the Practice to particular project or engineeringsituations should not be made solely on information contained in these materials. Theuse of trade names from time to time should not be viewed as an expression ofpreference but rather recognized as normal usage in the trade. Other brands having thesame specifications are equally correct and may be substituted for those named. AllPractices or guidelines are intended to be consistent with applicable laws andregulations including OSHA requirements. To the extent these Practices or guidelinesshould conflict with OSHA or other applicable laws or regulations, such laws orregulations must be followed. Consult an appropriate professional before applying oracting on any material contained in or suggested by the Practice.

This Practice is subject to revision at any time by the responsible Function Team andwill be reviewed every 5 years. This Practice will be revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn.Information on whether this Practice has been revised may be found at www.pip.org.

© Process Industry Practices (PIP), Construction Industry Institute, TheUniversity of Texas at Austin, 3925 West Braker Lane (R4500), Austin,Texas 78759. PIP member companies and subscribers may copy this Practicefor their internal use. Changes, overlays, addenda, or modifications of anykind are not permitted within any PIP Practice without the express writtenauthorization of PIP.

PIP will not consider requests for interpretations (inquiries) for this Practice.

Not printed with State funds

June 2002

Process Industry Practices Page 1 of 37

Process Industry PracticesArchitectural

PIP ARC01015Architectural and Building Utilities

Design Criteria

Table of Contents

1. Introduction..................................21.1 Purpose ............................................. 21.2 Scope................................................. 2

2. References ...................................22.1 Process Industry Practices ................ 22.2 Industry Codes, Reports, and

Standards .......................................... 22.3 Government Regulations ................... 5

3. Definitions ....................................5

4. Building Design............................54.1 Occupancy......................................... 54.2 Means of Egress................................ 64.3 Foundation and Structure .................. 64.4 Materials and Methods

of Construction................................... 64.5 Pre-Engineered Metal Buildings ........ 6

5. Products .......................................65.1 Concrete ............................................ 65.2 Masonry ............................................. 65.3 Metals ................................................ 65.4 Woods (and Plastics)......................... 65.5 Gypsum Board Assemblies ............... 7

5.6 Ceilings .............................................. 75.7 Flooring.............................................. 75.8 Thermal and Moisture Protection ...... 75.9 Fire Resistance.................................. 85.10 Doors and Windows .......................... 85.11 Specialties ......................................... 95.12 Conveying Systems ......................... 10

6. Building Utilities ........................ 116.1 Heating, Ventilation, and Air

Conditioning (HVAC) ....................... 116.2 Electrical Work................................. 256.3 Communications.............................. 276.4 Fire Protection and Safety ............... 326.5 Plumbing.......................................... 35

PIP ARC01015Architectural and Building Utilities Design Criteria June 2002

Page 2 of 37 Process Industry Practices

1. Introduction

1.1 Purpose

This Practice provides the architect and the engineer with criteria for building designand building utilities within process facilities.

1.2 Scope

These general criteria define the minimum requirements for the design of buildingsfor process industry facilities. This Practice is intended to be used in conjunctionwith PIP ARC01016 - Building Data Sheet, PIP CVC01017 - Plant Site Data Sheet,and PIP STC01015 - Structural Design Criteria.

This Practice is not a design guide and does not apply to open industrial structures.

2. References

When adopted in these criteria, the latest edition of the following applicable codes,standards, specifications, and references in effect on the date of contract award shall be used,except as otherwise specified. Short titles will be used herein when appropriate.

2.1 Process Industry Practices (PIP)

– PIP ARC01016 - Building Data Sheet

– PIP ARS08111 - Standard Steel Doors and Frames Specification

– PIP ARS08710 - Door Hardware Specification

– PIP ARS13120 - Pre-Engineered Metal Buildings Specification

– PIP CVC01017 - Plant Site Data Sheets

– PIP STC01015 - Structural Design Criteria

– PIP STC01018 - Blast Resistant Building Design Criteria

2.2 Industry Codes, Reports, and Standards

• Air Movement and Control Association (AMCA)

– AMCA 511 - Certified Ratings Program for Air Control Devices

• Aluminum Association (AA)

– AA ADM - Aluminum Design Manual

• American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)

– ACGIH 2090 - Industrial Ventilation

• American Petroleum Institute (API)

– API RP 540 - Electrical Installations in Petroleum Processing Plants

PIP ARC01015June 2002 Architectural and Building Utilities Design Criteria


• American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc(ASHRAE)

– ASHRAE HVAC - Applications IP

– ASHRAE - Fundamentals IP

– ASHRAE - Refrigeration IP

– ASHRAE 62 - Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality

– ASHRAE 110 - Method of Testing Performance of Laboratory Fume Hoods

• American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

– ASME A17.1 with Addenda - Standard Safety Code for Elevators andEscalators

• American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

– ASTM E84 - Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding Materials

– ASTM E119 REV A - Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of BuildingConstruction and Materials

– ASTM E1264 - Standard Classification for Acoustical Ceiling Products

– ASTM F1066 - Standard Specifications for Vinyl Composition Floor Tile

– ASTM F1700 - Standard Specifications for Solid Vinyl Floor Tile

• Ceilings and Interior Systems Construction Association (CISCA)

– Ceiling System Handbook

– Recommended Test Procedures for Access Floors

• International Code Council (ICC)

– International Building Code (IBC)

– International Energy Conservation Code (IECC)

– International Fire Code (IFC)

– International Mechanical Code (IMC)

– International Plumbing Code (IPC)

• Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)

– IEEE 1100 - Recommended Practice for Powering and Grounding ElectronicEquipment

• Instrumentation Systems and Automation Society (ISA Society)

– ISA 71.04 - Environmental Conditions for Process Measurement and ControlSystems: Airborne Contaminants

• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

– NFPA 13 - Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems

– NFPA 45 - Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals

– NFPA 70 - National Electrical Code (NEC)



– NFPA 72 - National Fire Alarm Code

– NFPA 75 - Standard for Protection of Electronic Computer/Data ProcessingEquipment

– NFPA 80 - Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows

– NFPA 90A - Standard for the Installation of Air- Conditioning and VentilatingSystems

– NFPA 91 - Standard for Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying, of Vapors, Gases,Mists, and Noncombustible Particulate Solids

– NFPA 101 - Life Safety Code

– NFPA 220 - Standard on Types of Building Construction

– NFPA 232 - Standard for the Protection of Records

– NFPA 252 - Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Door Assemblies

– NFPA 496 - Standard for Purged and Pressurized Enclosures for ElectricalEquipment

– NFPA 2001 - Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems

• National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA)

– NRCA ITEM ML102 - Roofing and Waterproofing Manual

• Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’ National Association (SMACNA)

– SMACNA FSRDI - Fire, Smoke and Radiation Damper Installation Guide forHVAC Systems

– SMACNA HVACMF - HVAC Duct Construction Standards Metal andFlexible

• Steel Deck Institute (SDI)

– Design Manual for Composite Decks, Form Decks and Roof Decks

• Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA)

– TIA/EIA - 568-B - Commercial Building Telecommunications CablingStandard

– TIA/EIA - 569-A - Commercial Building Standard for TelecommunicationPathways and Spaces

– TIA/EIA - 570-A - Residential Telecommunications Wiring Standard

– TIA/EIA - 606 - Administration Standard for the TelecommunicationsInfrastructure of Commercial Buildings

– TIA/EIA - 607 - Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirementsfor Telecommunications

• Underwriters Laboratory (UL)

– UL 10B - UL Standard for Safety Fire Tests of Door Assemblies

– UL 555 - UL Standard for Safety Fire Dampers

– UL 555C - UL Standard for Safety Ceiling Dampers



– UL 1863 - UL Standard for Safety Communication Circuit Accessories

– UL 1950 - UL Standard for Safety of Information Technology EquipmentIncluding Electrical Business Equipment

2.3 Government Regulations

Federal Standards and Instructions of the Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA) and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), including anyadditional requirements by state or local agencies that have jurisdiction in the statewhere the project is to be constructed, shall apply.

• U. S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA)

– OSHA 29 CFR Part 1910, Occupational Safety and Health Standards

• U. S. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

– Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities

• Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

– Part 68 - Connection of Terminal Equipment to the Telephone Network, Codeof Federal Regulations, Title 47, Telecommunications

3. Definitions

contract documents: Any and all documents that the owner has transmitted or otherwisecommunicated, either by incorporation or by reference, and made part of the legal contractagreement or purchase order agreement between the owner and the contractor

owner: The party who awards the contract. The owner may be the owner or the owner’sauthorized agent.

4. Building Design

In addition to local jurisdiction and government requirements, occupied buildings shall bedesigned in accordance with the IBC, OSHA 29 CFR Part 1910 and the ADA unlessotherwise specified in the PIP ARC01016 data sheet or in the contract documents.Unoccupied buildings and occupied buildings with primarily industrial occupancies shall bedesigned in accordance with NFPA 101.

4.1 Occupancy

4.1.1 The occupancy of a building or portion thereof shall be determined by itsintended use.

4.1.2 Industrial occupancies shall be classified in accordance with NFPA 101,Chapter 40, “Industrial Occupancies.”

4.1.3 Occupied buildings shall comply with the accessibility requirements of theADA and local state-required accessibility standards.



4.2 Means of Egress

4.2.1 Buildings shall be provided with means of egress in accordance with theapplicable building codes and with ADA.

4.2.3 Industrial occupancies shall meet the egress requirements of NFPA 101 for“Industrial Occupancies.”

4.3 Foundation and Structure

The foundation and structure of a building shall be designed in accordance withPIP STC01015. Buildings designed to be blast resistant shall also be designed inaccordance with PIP STC01018.

4.4 Materials and Methods of Construction

The building shall be designed with the materials and methods of constructionappropriate for its occupancy. The type of construction shall be in accordance withthe requirements of the governing building codes.

4.5 Pre-Engineered Metal Buildings

Pre-engineered metal buildings shall be in accordance with PIP ARS13120.

5. Products

Products for buildings shall be designed to meet the minimum requirements specified herein,unless the contract documents or applicable governing jurisdictions require more stringentpractices.

5.1 Concrete

5.1.1 Concrete design shall be in accordance with PIP STC01015.

5.2 Masonry

5.2.1 Masonry design shall be in accordance with PIP STC01015.

5.3 Metals

5.3.1 Steel design shall be in accordance with PIP STC01015.

5.3.2 Floor and roof deck shall be designed according to SDI Design Manual forComposite Decks, Form Decks and Roof Decks.

5.3.3 Aluminum design shall be in accordance with AA ADM.

5.4 Woods (and Plastics)

5.4.1 Wood design using allowable stress design shall be in accordance with theIBC.

5.4.2 Structural lumber shall be grade No.2 or better. Non-structural lumber shallbe grade No. 3 or better.



5.5 Gypsum Board Assemblies

5.5.1 Interior walls shall be regular-type gypsum board on minimum 22-gage steelstud framing.

5.5.2 Type X gypsum board shall be used where fire-resistance-rated assembliesare required. Gypsum board shall be taped and sanded. For gypsum boardassemblies with fire-resistance ratings, materials and construction shall beprovided that are identical to those tested in assembly as indicated accordingto ASTM E 119 by an independent testing and inspecting agency that isacceptable to authorities having jurisdiction.

5.5.3 Fur-outs shall be gypsum board on steel stud framing.

5.5.4 Gypsum board walls shall have a latex enamel painted finish unlessotherwise specified.

5.6 Ceilings

5.6.1 Suspended acoustical ceiling installation shall comply with CISCA’s CeilingSystems Handbook.

5.6.2 Suspended ceiling acoustical panels shall comply with ASTM E 1264classifications as designated by types, patterns, acoustical ratings, and lightreflectance.

5.6.3 Suspended ceiling metal suspension system shall be standard direct-hungmetal suspension systems.

5.7 Flooring

5.7.1 Vinyl flooring shall be solid vinyl tile complying with ASTM F 1700. Vinylcomposition floor tile shall comply with ASTM F 1066.

5.7.2 Access floor systems shall be in accordance with Section 5.11.2 of thisPractice.

5.8 Thermal and Moisture Protection

5.8.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, occupied buildingsshall be designed in accordance with the ICC IECC. Buildings withindustrial occupancies shall comply with the requirements of the IECC,unless the process requirements make it impracticable.

5.8.2 Insulation

5.8.2.1 Insulation shall have a flame-spread rating of less than 25 and shallnot be exposed to potential fire areas.

5.8.2.2 Insulation shall be used for separation between roof decks and theroofing membranes.

5.8.2.3 Insulation shall be provided between conditioned areas and exteriorwall and roofs. R values shall be as required to comply with theIECC and the local environmental conditions but shall be no lessthan R-11 for walls and R-19 for roofs, unless required otherwise inthe contract documents.



5.8.3 Roofing Systems

5.8.3.1 Roofing systems shall be designed in accordance withNRCA ITEM ML 102.

5.8.3.2 Low-slope roofs shall have a minimum slope of 1/4 inch per foot(21 mm/m).

5.8.3.3 Relief openings shall pass through the parapet. The roof structureshall be designed for ponding of as much as the height of the reliefopenings and with consideration to the deflected shape under the fullload.

5.8.3.4 When equipment or piping is placed on a building roof, a suitablewalking or working surface shall be used to prevent damage to theroofing.

5.8.3.5 Exposed sides of working area and walkway within 6.0 ft (1800 mm)of edge of roof shall be protected with standard railings.

5.8.3.6 Equipment shall be mounted a minimum of 8 inches (200 mm)above the roofline to allow for efficient maintenance and repair ofthe roofing material. Equipment supports shall not be constructed ofwood.

5.9 Fire Resistance

5.9.1 Buildings shall be designed for fire resistance in accordance with the IBC,“Fire Resistant Materials and Construction,” and in accordance with theIFC.

5.9.2 Industrial occupancy buildings shall meet the requirements of the previoussection, except when the industrial process makes meeting the requirementsimpracticable; in such cases these buildings shall as a minimum meet theprotection requirements of NFPA 101.

5.10 Doors and Windows

5.10.1 Personnel doors shall be in accordance with PIP ARS08111.

5.10.2 Door hardware shall be in accordance with PIP ARS08710.

5.10.3 Overhead coiling doors larger than 64 ft2 (6 m2) shall be motorized, unlessspecified otherwise. The side rails shall be made from structural steel, notcold-rolled shapes.

5.10.4 Fire-rated doors shall meet the requirements of NFPA 252, NFPA 80, andUL 10B.

5.10.5 Blast-resistant doors shall be designed in accordance with PIP STC01018and shall be provided with automatic door closures.

5.10.6 Windows shall not be provided in buildings within 200 ft (60 m) ofhazardous process facilities unless otherwise required by the owner andpermitted by applicable fire safety and building codes.



5.11 Specialties

5.11.1 Exterior Louvers

5.11.1.1 Louvers shall be all-welded construction with drainable blades tominimize water penetration while maintaining a high free area.

5.11.1.2 Louvers shall be designed with a frame that includes a jamb gutter,a recessed drip lip at the head, and an extended water stop on theback of the sill.

5.11.1.3 Louvers shall meet the requirements of AMCA 511 and shall bearthe AMCA-certified rating seal for both air performance and waterpenetration.

5.11.2 Access Floors

5.11.2.1 Panels and support systems shall be in accordance with CISCA-Recommended Test Procedure for Access Floors.

5.11.2.2 Floor panels without coverings shall have a Class “A” flame-spreadrating when tested in accordance with ASTM E84.

5.11.2.3 Floor height shall be 24 inches (600 mm) unless otherwisespecified in the PIP ARC01016 data sheet.

5.11.2.4 The supporting system shall be a commercial heavy duty, boltedgrid system, shall be free from vibration squeaks, shall be designedto support the equipment that will be located on the access flooringsystem, and shall be resistant to seismic loads in accordance withPIP CVC01017. The floor system shall support the followingminimum loads:

a. Static: 1000 lb (4.5 kN), concentrated

b. Dynamic:

• 1000 lb (4.5 kN) rolling load for 3-inch diameter x1-13/16-inch wide (75-mm diameter x 46 mm) with10 passes

• 500 lb (2.25 kN) for 6-inch diameter x 1-1/2-inch wide(150-mm diameter x 38 mm) with 10,000 passes

c. Impact load: 250 lb (1.12 kN)

5.11.2.5 The entire flooring system shall be electrically grounded.

5.11.3 Toilet Compartments and Urinal Screens

5.11.3.1 Materials shall be commercial heavy duty, non-permeable, non-corrosive, and stain resistant.

5.11.3.2 Compartment doors shall be a minimum of 24 inches (600 mm)wide.

5.11.3.3 Each compartment shall be provided with a coat hook, paperholder, and door latches.



5.11.3.4 Screw and bolt heads shall match accessory finish and shall be non-removable and vandal-resistant.

5.11.4 Restrooms

5.11.4.1 Restrooms shall be provided with soap dispensers, paper toweldispensers, waste receptacle, mirrors, and a shelf for personalitems. Materials shall be commercial, heavy duty, and non-corrosive.

5.11.4.2 Anchors shall be concealed and shall be made of nonferrous metalor stainless steel.

5.11.5 Laboratory Casework

5.11.5.1 Countertops shall be constructed to resist chemical, moisture,physical abuse, and acid splatters and shall be resistant to damagefrom heavy instruments and abrasive cleaners.

5.11.5.2 Casework components shall withstand the following minimumloads without damage to the components or to the caseworkoperation:

a. Base unit load capacity 500 plf (7.3 kN/m)

b. Suspended units 300 plf (4.4 kN/m)

c. Drawers in cabinets 150 lb (0.7 kN)

d. Utility tables (four-leg) 300 lb (1.4 kN)

e. Hanging wall cases 300 lb (1.4 kN)

f. Capacity for shelves of units 150 lb (0.7 kN)

5.11.5.4 Casework shall be of flush construction with the surface of doors,and drawers and panel faces shall be flush with the cabinet fronts,ends, and rails.

5.11.5.5 Base cabinets with double swinging doors shall provide full accessto the interior without center vertical post.

5.11.5.6 Drawers shall be rated for 150-lb (0.7-kN) load capacity at fullextension. Drawers shall be sound-deadened, and all corners shall befitted smoothly.

5.11.6 Laboratory Fume Hoods

Fume hoods shall be in accordance with NFPA 45.

5.12 Conveying Systems

Elevators, escalators, and dumbwaiters shall be designed in accordance withASME A17.1.



6. Building Utilities

6.1 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)

6.1.1 Design Criteria

6.1.1.1 Climatic Conditions

6.1.1.1.1 Climatic condition values shall be based on values givenin the ASHRAE Fundamentals IP unless site specificdesign temperatures are specified on the PIP CVC01017data sheet.

6.1.1.1.2 For all HVAC systems, cooling load shall be calculatedwith the summer design dry bulb (0.4%) and meancoincident wet bulb temperatures, and the supply airrequirements shall be determined at these temperatures.

6.1.1.1.3 For HVAC systems that have more than 20% outside airmake-up, in addition to the cooling load calculationsperformed as specified in Section 6.1.1.1.2, the coolingload shall also be calculated at the design wet bulb (0.4%)and mean coincident dry bulb temperature to determinewhich set of conditions results in larger HVAC systemcapacity. This will determine the cooling capacity of therefrigeration system. The airside capacity shall be asdetermined from Section 6.1.1.1.2.

6.1.1.1.4 For the selection of air-cooled packaged units, air-cooledcondensers, and air-cooled condensing units, the summerdesign dry bulb (0.4%) temperature shall be used.

6.1.1.1.5 Heating load shall be calculated using the 99.6% heatingdry bulb temperature.

6.1.1.2 Indoor Design Conditions

6.1.1.2.1 Table 6.1A describes the minimum indoor conditions to beused for the design of HVAC systems, unless otherwisespecified in the contract documents.

6.1.1.2.2 Design conditions for other occupancies shall comply withrecommendations of the ASHRAE Fundamentals IPapplicable health and safety codes, and equipmentmanufacturers’ requirements.

6.1.1.2.3 HVAC systems shall be capable of maintaining dry bulband relative humidity within the performance range givenin Table 6.1A.



6.1.2 Load Calculation

6.1.2.1 General Requirements

6.1.2.1.1 HVAC load calculations shall be based onASHRAE Fundamentals IP methods and shall include 5%but not more than 10% excess capacity (sensible, latent, orheating) as safety factors. Residential method, preferablytotal equivalent temperature differential with timeaveraging (TETD/TA) shall be used only for residentialapplication.

6.1.2.1.2 Overall building cooling and heating loads shall becalculated. Zoning, exposure, and building mass shall beconsidered in heating and cooling calculations. The air-conditioning system shall provide comfortable conditionsin all rooms throughout the operating period in accordancewith Table 6.1A. Each zone, portion of a zone, and roomwith different load profiles, orientations, or sensible loadsshall be calculated. A separate block load for each air-handling system shall also be calculated.

6.1.2.2 Cooling Loads

6.1.2.2.1 Cooling load calculations shall consider all sensible andlatent heat sources.

6.1.2.2.2 Sensible cooling load shall be calculated for buildingenvelope, people, lights, equipment, interior non-conditioned spaces, duct and plenum gains, and outside airthat is introduced into the system by air make-up orinfiltration.

6.1.2.2.3 Latent cooling load shall be calculated for people, outsideair, and any process in which moisture is released to theair.

6.1.2.2.4 Outside air requirements shall be carefully evaluated forthe building pressurization in accordance with NFPA 496.

6.1.2.3 Heating Loads

Loads shall include heat losses from building envelope, interior non-conditioned spaces (partitions, ceilings, floors), duct and plenumlosses, and outside air that is introduced into the system by make-upair and infiltration. Final discharge temperatures shall range between85ºF (30ºC) and 110ºF (43ºC).



6.1.3 System Considerations

6.1.3.1 Zoning

In buildings with separate interior and perimeter rooms, each roomor group of rooms (except for unoccupied spaces) having adistinctive load profile shall have individual temperature control.

6.1.3.2 Air System Design

6.1.3.2.1 Air distribution systems shall be designed in accordancewith ASHRAE Fundaments IP, “Duct Design” section.Supply air ductwork shall be designed for a maximumpressure drop of 0. 1 inch wg per 100 ft (0.82 Pa/m) wherespace conditions allow. Return, general exhaust, andoutside air duct shall be sized for a maximum pressuredrop of 0.08 inch wg (0.65 Pa/m) where space conditionsallow.

6.1.3.2.2 Non-general exhaust duct sizing criteria shall be inaccordance with ACGIH 2090.

6.1.3.2.3 All ductwork and fittings shall be fabricated in accordancewith the latest edition of the SMACNA HVACMF andaccording to the static pressure expected to be encounteredin the system. Flexible duct shall not be used for return orexhaust systems. When flexible ducts are used for supplyair, they shall not exceed 8.0 ft (2400 mm) in length.

6.1.3.2.4 Manufacturer’s standard diffusers, registers, and grillesshall be used.

6.1.3.2.5 A volume damper shall be provided in each branch ductserving a separate zone or room. Splitter dampers shall notbe used for duct branch take-offs.

6.1.3.2.6 Volume dampers shall be provided ahead of flexible ductserving supply air grilles, registers, and diffusers.

6.1.3.2.7 Fresh air intakes shall be designed and situated tominimize dust intrusion.

6.1.3.2.8 Outside air intakes shall not be closer than 10 ft(3000 mm) from an appliance vent outlet, a vent opening,or a plumbing drainage system or discharge outlet of anexhaust fan unless the outlet is 5 ft (1500 mm) above theoutside air intake.

6.1.3.2.9 Return air shall be drawn through ceiling plenum,whenever practical. Where cable trays are situated insidethe ceiling plenum, evaluate using ducted return air systemrather than plenum-rated cables. No air-conditioning



equipment rooms shall be used as return air plenums whenbuilding is pressurized in accordance with NFPA 496.

6.1.3.2.10 Outside air intake ducts shall have combustible gas andfire/smoke detectors to detect the presence of flammablegas/vapors and/or smoke in buildings in NEC-classifiedareas. An alarm shall occur when detecting greater than10% lower flammable limit. The air intake blowers shallshut down and the damper shall close automatically if thedetector detects more than 25% of the lower flammablelimit.

6.1.3.3 Control Systems

6.1.3.3.1 HVAC systems shall be designed and installed usingcommercially available equipment and techniques tocontrol temperature and, when required, humidity,pressure, and air quality. All thermostats shall be manuallyadjustable over the operating range.

6.1.3.3.2 Fire dampers shall be installed in accordance withNFPA 101. HVAC units shall automatically shut downwhen fire alarm system is activated, in accordance withNFPA 90A and NFPA 101 unless the building is alwaysmanned (e.g., control building). In this case, a manualshutdown switch shall be provided.

6.1.3.4 Piping and Coils

6.1.3.4.1 The location of air-conditioning equipment componentsshall account for piping and equipment pressure drop, areaclassification, and equipment clearance requirements.Access space shall be provided for the removal of any coilor other equipment component, in accordance withequipment manufacturer’s recommendation.

6.1.3.4.2 Multiple compressor refrigerant piping shall beinterconnected in accordance with manufacturer’srecommendations. For any split condenser/compressor orcompressor/evaporator unit separated by more than 10 ft(3000 mm), refrigerant lines shall be sized in accordancewith ASHRAE Refrigeration IP, “Refrigerant Line Sizing”section.

6.1.3.5 Humidity Control

6.1.3.5.1 Where humidification is required, humidifiers shall besteam- or ultrasonic-type humidifiers and have waterblowdown capability to minimize solids buildup. A high-limit duct humidistat shall be used to limit moisturecarryover and condensation in the duct. Normal controlshall be by a return air or space humidistat.



6.1.3.5.2 High humidity control shall be accomplished by use of thecooling coil. The humidistat shall override the thermostatand cooling with re-heating as required to maintain spacetemperature.

6.1.3.6 Ventilation and Exhaust

6.1.3.6.1 All enclosed portions of buildings customarily used byoccupants shall be provided with fresh ventilation air. Theminimum amount of outside air shall either equal10 percent of supply air in excess of all exhaust air orequal the ventilation air requirements listed in Table 6.1Bof ASHRAE 62, whichever is greater.

6.1.3.6.2 The Toilet, locker, and shower rooms shall be providedwith a mechanically operated exhaust system capable ofproviding as a minimum the ventilation requirements ofASHRAE 62. The system shall exhaust directly to theoutside, and the point of discharge shall be at least 5 ft(1500 mm) from any openable window or door and 3 ft(915 mm) above and 10 ft (3000 mm) away from any airintake.

6.1.3.6.3 Occupied, non-air-conditioned enclosed spaces shall havemechanically forced ventilation. The ventilation airflowrate shall be established to ensure that space temperaturedoes not exceed the ambient outdoor temperature by morethan 10ºF, or 5.5ºC. Inlet air intakes shall be designed tominimize dust intrusion.

6.1.3.6.4 Buildings or portions thereof where flammable or toxicmaterials are used shall be for the required ventilation rateaccording to ACGIH 2090. Exhaust ventilation shall betaken from a point at or near the floor level for gasesheavier than air and from near the ceiling level for gaseslighter than air.

6.1.3.6.5 Ventilation for special applications shall be in accordancewith ACGIH 2090.

6.1.3.6.6 Every automotive-type garage, where vehicles operateunder their own power, shall either have a mechanicalexhaust system or have permanent openings to the outside.

6.1.3.7 Noise

6.1.3.7.1 Acceptable HVAC-related background sound for anoccupied room shall conform to the guideline criteriaspecified in ASHRAE Applications IP.



6.1.4 Special Applications

6.1.4.1 Chemical Laboratories

6.1.4.1.1 Design and operation of HVAC systems in chemicallaboratories shall be in accordance with the latest editionof the following:

• ASHRAE 62

• ASHRAE - Applications IP, chapter on laboratories

• ACGIH 2090

• NFPA 45

• NFPA 90A

• NFPA 91

• ASHRAE 110

6.1.4.1.2 Air from laboratory work areas shall be continuouslydischarged to the outdoors, and the area shall bemaintained at a negative pressure relative to the adjacentareas. Air from laboratory work areas shall not berecirculated.

6.1.4.1.3 Ductwork, hoods, fans, drives, and other systemcomponents shall be designed and selected to meet fire,explosion, corrosion, and acid-resistant requirements asrequired.

6.1.4.1.4 Automatic fire dampers shall not be used in laboratoryhood exhaust systems. Fire detection and alarm systemsshall not be interlocked to automatically shut downlaboratory hood exhaust fans.

6.1.4.1.5 Fume hood exhaust shall be designed in accordance withthe latest edition of IMC and ACGIH 2090.

6.1.4.1.6 Airflow indicators shall be installed on new laboratoryhoods or on existing laboratory hoods, when modified, inaccordance with the requirements of NFPA 45.

6.1.4.2 Essential Operating Facilities

6.1.4.2.1 Essential operating facilities include rack rooms, computerrooms, control rooms, communication equipment rooms,and any other buildings housing electrical equipment andcontrol systems that are vital in the production,processing, and transportation of the process.



6.1.4.2.2 Buildings such as office buildings, maintenance facilities,dining halls, etc., are excluded from the requirements ofthis section.

6.1.4.2.3 In the case of pressurized buildings, the maximum amountof outside air supplied to pressurize the building duringnormal operation with all doors and windows closed shallbe used in HVAC load calculations.

6.1.4.2.4 100% capacity of cooling and heating standby systemsshall be provided for the essential operating facilities.

6.1.4.2.5 In buildings located in Class I, Division 2 electrical areas,the HVAC system, alarms, and controls shall be designedto prevent the entry of flammable vapors or gases inaccordance with the requirements of NFPA 496, in thesection titled “Pressurized Control Rooms.”

6.1.4.2.6 Outside air for pressurization shall take into account all airexhausted from the space, including all exhaust fans as ifoperating on a continual basis, even if all exhaust fans donot operate continuously.

6.1.4.2.7 Any HVAC equipment in hazardous areas shall be suitablefor operation in the area classification in which it islocated.

6.1.4.2.8 Outside air for pressurization of buildings in classifiedareas shall be taken from an unclassified area.

6.1.4.2.9 In pressurized buildings, the exterior envelope shall bedesigned to be as air tight as practical. Air-lockedvestibules shall be provided at the building entrance doors.

6.1.4.2.10 A 100% standby fan shall be provided for buildings withpressurization systems.

6.1.4.2.11 Outside air supply ducts for buildings inside or near anoperating process plant shall have combustible gasanalyzers to detect the presence of flammable gas/vaporsin the air intake. An alarm shall occur when analysisdetects greater than 10% of the lower flammable limit.The air intake blowers shall shut down automatically if theanalyzer detects more than 25% of the lower flammablelimit. Dampers shall automatically close when the blowersshut down.

6.1.4.3 Battery Rooms

6.1.4.3.1 Battery rooms shall be ventilated to the outside of thebuilding at a minimum rate of one air change every3 hours, unless a higher exhaust airflow rate is required



because of the discharge of cooling air that cannot berecycled from the room.

6.1.4.3.2 Air shall not be recycled from battery rooms. Wherebatteries are inside the electric/UPS rooms, if analysisreveals that H2 evolution is less than 2% of the roomvolume while charging, once-through air system is notrequired; however, a local exhaust system over the batteryarea shall be provided.

6.1.4.3.3 The bottom of the supply air outlet into the battery roomshall not be higher than 6 inches (150 mm) above thefloor, and the exhaust opening shall be in the ceiling or itsupper edge and shall be flush with the ceiling if theexhaust opening is in a wall. Air inlets and outlets shall belocated to provide effective cross ventilation over thebatteries.

6.1.4.4 Chemical Filtration

In all buildings containing electronic equipment, the concentrationof corrosive gases shall be limited to the G1 environmentalclassification level defined in Table 6.1B. When it is confirmed thatthe concentration of corrosive gases in the local plant environmentwill exceed the G1 classification level, chemical filters shall beprovided that limit to the G1 classification level the concentration ofgases inside the rooms containing the electronic equipment.Activated charcoal shall be used unless otherwise specified in thePIP ARC01016 data sheet.

6.1.4.5 Dust Filters

Dust filters shall be equipped with pre-filters and final filters. Thepre-filters shall have a minimum of 25% efficiency, and the finalfilters shall provide a minimum of 85% dust spot efficiency, asdefined by ASHRAE standards. The selected filters shall be easilyavailable locally.

6.1.4.6 Insulation

6.1.4.6.1 All supply and return air ducts, located outdoors orexposed to unconditioned air, shall be insulated.

6.1.4.6.2 Insulation is not required for return air ducts in a ceilingspace where both sides of the ceiling space are exposed toconditioned air and where the ceiling space is not used asa return air plenum.

6.1.4.6.3 Supply air ducts in return air plenums shall be insulated.

6.1.4.6.4 Supply air ducts in conditioned space and return air ductsin return air plenums shall be insulated.



6.1.4.6.5 Internal duct lining shall not be used, except inacoustically sensitive areas.

Exception: Internal lining that includes protectivecoating to prevent erosion is permitted forterminal boxes and air-handling units.

6.1.4.6.6 Refrigerant suction lines shall be insulated from theevaporator to the compressor. Condensate line shall beinsulated from the unit to the drain location.

6.1.4.7 Dampers

6.1.4.7.1 Each branch duct serving a separate zone or room shallhave a volume damper. Branch duct dampers shall besheet metal opposed blade type, using pivot and rod, withlocking quadrant damper.

6.1.4.7.2 Fire dampers shall bear the UL label. Fire dampers shallbe securely mounted in a rated fire separation wall,ceiling, or floor, such that ducts can break away withoutlessening fire separation rating. Fire and smoke dampersshall be manufactured in accordance with UL-555 orUL-555C and installed in accordance withSMACNA FSRDI. For HVAC systems, inspection doorsshall be provided to allow access to all fire dampers.

6.1.4.7.3 Combination smoke/fire dampers shall meet allrequirements for smoke damper fire alarm closure and firedamper latching.

6.1.5 Installation

6.1.5.1 All air handlers, refrigeration condenser units, pumps, or anyequipment mounted outside, shall be mounted on a concretehousekeeping pad, at a minimum of 4 inches (100 mm) above thefloor or pavement or 6 inches (150 mm) above surrounding unpavedareas.

6.1.5.2 Access doors shall be provided to every valve, damper, ormechanical device that requires periodic inspection or adjustment.Access doors for fire dampers shall be positioned so that damperscan be reset and fusible links can be replaced.

6.1.5.3 A minimum of 3-ft (900-mm) clearance shall be provided on eachside of equipment with openable panel or controls, unless otherwiserequired by equipment manufacturer. Adequate space shall beprovided for coil removal.



6.1.5.4 All HVAC equipment shall be properly grounded in accordance withNFPA 70.



Table 6.1A - HVAC Room Descriptions and Design Criteria

Room Name Room Functions Description

Thermostat-Setting Temp.

(dB)F° / C°

% RelativeHumidity

PressureRelative to

AtmosphereAir

Quality RemarksBattery Rooms Contains battery system. Not normally

occupied.77°F/26°Csummer

72°F/ 22°Cwinter

N/A Negativepressure tothe rest of thebuilding

As req’dfor gasremoval

These rooms are sometimesclassified for electricalinstallations.(i.e., Class I,Division 2)

Break Rooms Generally house a sink, microwave, or otherkitchen-type appliance. Generally have table(s)and chairs for people to sit and eat. Breakrooms may or may not also have vendingmachines. Occasionally occupied spaces.

75°F/24°Csummer

72°F/22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

+0.05”(12.5 Pa)

ASHRAEStd. 62

Coffee/VendingRooms

Contain vending machines and/or coffeemachines. May also have microwaves. Theserooms are distinguished from break rooms inthat they do not generally have tables, chairs,or sinks. Not normally occupied spaces.

75°F/24°Csummer

72°F/22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

+0.05”(12.5 Pa)

ASHRAEStd. 62

Change Rooms Areas for personnel to change clothes and mayinclude lockers and lavatories. They may bepart of or adjacent to restrooms or showerrooms. Occasionally occupied.

75°F/24°Csummer

72°F/22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

Negativepressure to

the rest of thebuilding

ASHRAEStd. 62

CommunicationsClosets

Contain communications equipment, cableterminations, and associated cross-connectcable/wiring. Not normally occupied.

75°F/24°Csummer

72°F/22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

+0.10”(25 Pa)

N/A See Notes 2 and 3 for additionalrequirements.

CommunicationsComputerRooms

Contain programming applications, electronicequipment such as servers, switches, hubs,and routers. Occasionally occupied.

75°F/24°Csummer

72°F/22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

+0.10”(25 Pa)

ISA71.04

See Note 3 for additionalrequirements.

CommunicationsEquipmentRooms

Contain programming applications andelectronic equipment such as servers,switches, hubs, and routers Occasionallyoccupied.

75°F/ 24°Csummer

72°F/ 22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

+0.10”(25 Pa)

ISA71.04


ComputerRooms

Mainly house computers and associatedequipment. May be considered either normallyor not normally occupied space, depending onthe project specific use.

75°F/24°Csummer

72°F/22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

+0.10”(25 Pa)

ISA71.04


(Continued, next page)





(dB)F° / C°

% RelativeHumidity

PressureRelative to

AtmosphereAir

Quality RemarksTable 6.1A, continued

ConferenceRooms orAuditorium

Occasionally occupied. When occupied, thesespaces may have a lower square foot perperson average than do normally occupiedspaces.

75°F/24°Csummer

72°F/22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

+0.05”(12.5 Pa)

ASHRAEStd. 62

Control Rooms Contain control consoles. Normally occupied. 75°F/24°Csummer

72°F/22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

+0.10”(25 Pa)

ISA71.04

Copy/Fax Rooms Separate walled-in rooms for housing copyand/or fax machines. Not normally occupied.For HVAC design purposes, any normallyoccupied space listed as a copy/fax roomshould be treated as an office space.

75°F/24°Csummer

72°F/22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

+0.05”(12.5 Pa)

N/A

Electrical/Telephone/Radio Rooms

Specifically for housing electrical, telephone, orradio equipment. Distinguished frommechanical room because they specificallyhouse electrical/telephone/radio equipment.Not normally occupied.

80°F/26°Csummer

50°F/10°Cwinter

or as required byequipment

manufacturer

50%± 10%

or as required byequipment

manufacturer

+0.05”(12.5 Pa)

N/A

HVAC/MechanicalRooms

Contain HVAC equipment and/or other types ofequipment such as pumps, water heaters,electrical equipment, etc. Not normallyoccupied spaces.

80°F/26°C50°F/10°C

N/A +0.05”(12.5 Pa)

N/A

Janitor’s Closets Have a service sink and provide storage forvarious cleaning supplies. Not normallyoccupied spaces.

80°F/26°Csummer

50°F/10°Cwinter

50%± 10%

Negativepressure to


N/A

Libraries andReading Areas

Contain reference books, magazines, papers,or other types of reading materials. They aredistinguished from file/record storage becausethe reading materials are meant to be accessedon a regular basis. Normally occupied spaces.

75°F/24°Csummer

72°F/ 22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

+0.05”(12.5 Pa)

ASHRAEStd. 62






(dB)F° / C°

% RelativeHumidity

PressureRelative to

AtmosphereAir

Quality RemarksTable 6.1A, continued

Lobbies andCorridors

Generally open areas at the main entrance to abuilding and may include waiting areas andreceptionists desks. Corridors, also known ascirculation, are hallways connecting variousrooms in a building. Corridors are considerednot normally occupied. Lobbies may beconsidered either normally or not normallyoccupied spaces.

75°F/24°Csummer

72°F/22°C winter

50%± 10%

+0.05”(12.5 Pa)

ASHRAEStd. 62

Offices Space occupied by one or more persons andused for office-type work

75°F/24°Csummer

72°F/22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

+0.05”(12.5 Pa)

ASHRAEStd. 62

Plot/PrintingRooms

Areas used for plotters and printers 75°F/24°Csummer

72°F/22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

+0.05”(12.5 Pa)

ASHRAEStd. 62

I/O Rooms Contain I/O equipment. Not normally occupied. 75°F/24°Csummer

72°F/22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

+0.10”(25 Pa)

ISA71.04

Record/FileRooms

Storage areas for files and records. Notnormally occupied. For HVAC design purposes,any normally occupied space listed as arecord/file room should be treated as an officespace.

75°F/24°Csummer

72°F/22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

+0.05”(12.5 Pa)

N/A

Restrooms Rooms having one or more of the following:1. Water closet2. Urinal3. Lavatory4. BidetConsidered occasionally occupied.

75°F/24°Csummer

72°F/22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

Negativepressure to


ASHRAEStd. 62






(dB)F° / C°

% RelativeHumidity

PressureRelative to

AtmosphereAir

Quality RemarksTable 6.1A, continuedShower Rooms Areas for showering or bathing. They may be

part of or adjacent to restrooms and/or changerooms. Considered occasionally occupied.

75°F/24°Csummer

72°F/22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

Negativepressure to


ASHRAEStd. 62

Storage Rooms/Spaces

Areas for general storage that do not fall intothe category of file/record rooms or any otherspecific type of storage area such as solvent orchemical storage. Not normally occupiedspaces.

80°F/26°Csummer

50°F/10°Cwinter

50%± 10%

+0.05”(12.5 Pa)

N/A

SwitchgearRooms/MCCRooms

Contain all switchgear and MCC equipmentsuch as transformer, breakers, starters, andpanel boards. Not normally occupied.

77°F/26°Csummer

72°F/22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

+0.10”(25 Pa)

N/A

UPS Room Contains UPS equipment and/or batterycharger. Not normally occupied.

77°F/26°Csummer

72°F/22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

+0.10”(25 Pa)

N/A

Training Rooms Areas for training classes and may also beused as a meeting room. They aredistinguished from conference rooms in thatthese rooms are occupied on a regularlyscheduled basis and are considered normallyoccupied.

75°F/24°Csummer

72°F/22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

+0.05”(12.5 Pa)

ASHRAEStd. 62

Waiting Rooms Separate walled-in rooms (as distinguishedfrom waiting areas in a lobby). Occasionallyoccupied.

75°F/ 24°Csummer

72°F/22°Cwinter

50%± 10%

+0.05”(12.5 Pa)

ASHRAEStd. 62

Definitions:1. Normally occupied - Any space or room in which a person or persons are assigned to be on a day-to-day basis2. Not normally occupied - Any space or room in which a person or persons is not assigned on a day-to-day basis3. Occasionally occupied - Any space or room in which a person or persons is not assigned on a day-to-day basis but at times may be fully occupied

Notes:1. The number values in this table shall be used unless otherwise specified by the owner.2. Rooms contain non-active equipment; room temperature shall be maintained at 50°F (10°C) to 95°F (35°C), and humidity shall be below 85%.3. EIA/TIA 569-A



Table 6.1B. ISA Classification

Gas Concentrations (Parts per Billion, by Volume)

H2S SO2 , SO3 Cl2 NOx HF NH3 O3

ISA Class G1 ≤3 ≤10 ≤1 ≤50 ≤1 ≤500 ≤2

Note: ISA environmental classes, relative humidity <50%

6.2 Electrical Work

6.2.1 General

All electrical work shall be in accordance with this Practice and local, state,and national codes unless otherwise required by contract or law.

6.2.2 Codes and Standards

6.2.2.1 Electrical work shall be in accordance with NFPA 70 (NEC).

6.2.2.2 Equipment, apparatus, or material required to be approved shall beapproved by a nationally recognized testing laboratory.

6.2.3 Hazardous Areas

The electrical hazardous area classification for the buildings shall be definedon the electrical area classification drawings.

6.2.4 Lighting

6.2.4.1 Building exterior electrical lighting and interior electrical lightingshall be provided unless otherwise specified in the PIP ARC01016data sheet. Indoor lighting shall be incandescent, fluorescent, orhigh-intensity discharge unless otherwise specified in thePIP ARC01016 data sheet. Illumination levels shall be in accordancewith API RP 540.

6.2.4.2 For occupied buildings, interior lighting shall include egress lightingand exit sign lighting with a secure power supply. A battery chargerwith a battery or an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) sized for aminimum of 90 minutes is the only acceptable secure power supply.

6.2.4.3 Lighting for each room shall be separately controlled by a generalpurpose snap-type switch located on the wall near each door enteringthe room.

6.2.5 Power

6.2.5.1 Unless otherwise specified in the PIP ARC01016 data sheet, powersource for the building shall be a single 480-volt, 3-phase, 3-wireplus ground, 60-Hertz feeder brought to a point to be designated bythe owner. This feeder is not a service unless so specified by theowner. The building shall be provided with transformers,panelboards, and other equipment as required to distribute power toall building lighting, receptacles, HVAC equipment, and other utility



equipment. All equipment shall be located indoors except fortransformers larger than 500 kVA.

6.2.5.2 All transformers inside buildings shall be dry type.

6.2.5.3 There shall be 120-volt, 2-pole, 3-wire, grounding receptaclessupplied from 1-phase, 2-wire plus ground, 120-volt, 60-Hertzbranch circuits in every room as would be required by the NEC if theroom were part of a dwelling unit. Additional receptacles shall beprovided for any cord-and-plug-connected building utilityequipment. All receptacles shall be grounding type.

6.2.6 Grounding

6.2.6.1 Grounding shall comply with NEC requirements. Special groundingshall be provided when specified in the PIP ARC01016 data sheet. Agrounding wire shall be provided with the building power feeder,which shall be bonded to the building grounding system.

6.2.6.2 Circuits shall have ground fault protection when required byNFPA 70 (NEC).

6.2.7 Lightning Protection

Proper grounding is the primary method of lightning protection.

6.2.8 Wiring Methods

6.2.8.1 Interior wiring shall be in electrical metallic tubing (EMT) andflexible metallic tubing unless otherwise specified in the contractdocuments. Exterior wiring shall be in rigid galvanized steel conduitand liquid-tight flexible metal conduit unless otherwise specified inthe contract documents.

6.2.8.2 All conductors shall be copper.

6.2.8.3 Wiring in rooms with finished walls and ceilings shall not beexposed.

6.2.9 Special Electrical Rooms

Rooms primarily intended for electrical power equipment shall have locks onall doors.

6.2.10 Energy Management and Conservation

6.2.10.1 Electrical equipment, apparatus, and lighting shall be energyefficient and meet the requirements of IECC.

6.2.10.2 Exterior lights shall be controlled by photocells unless otherwisespecified.

6.2.11 Accessibility

Receptacle control switches and electrical equipment shall be readilyaccessible to all potential occupants of the room in accordance with ADA.



6.3 Communications

6.3.1. General

This communication design criteria section is intended to be used inconjunction with the following codes and standards:

• IEEE 1100

• FCC, Part 68

• NFPA 70

• NFPA 72

• NFPA 75

• NFPA 232

• NFPA 2001

• TIA/EIA-568-B

• TIA/EIA-569-A

• TIA/EIA-570-A

• TIA/EIA-606

• TIA/EIA-607

• UL 1863

• UL 1950

6.3.1.1 This section specifies requirements for communication roomsincluding the following:

• Communications closet

• Communications equipment room

• Communications computer room

• Communication entrance facilities and entrance room

6.3.1.2 The communications room can contain the equipment used inmultiple communication systems: telephone, site access, security,hotlines, closed circuit television, bar coding, weather monitoring,etc.



6.3.2 Room Descriptions

Figure 6.3 A. Communication Room Arrangements

6.3.2.1 Communications Closets

The communications closet contains communications equipment,cable terminations, and associated cross-connect cable/wiring.Communications closets serve one floor area of one building.Communications closets can be shallow for non-active equipment orwalk-in for active equipment.

6.3.2.2 Communication Equipment Rooms

A communications equipment room provides space and maintains asuitable operating environment for large communications orcomputer equipment. Equipment rooms serve a building or multiplebuildings. An equipment room may also serve as a communicationscloset.

6.3.2.3 Communications Computer Rooms

The communications computer room contains programmingapplications, electronic equipment such as servers, switches, hubs,and routers that directly effect the business operations. This room



shall be provided with environmental control and monitoring asrequired to protect the communications equipment. Roomsassociated with the communications computer room shall beadjacent to qualified personnel. All buildings in a campus willconnect with this one room.

6.3.2.4 Communication Entrance Facilities

6.3.2.4.1 The entrance facility consists of the communicationsservice entrance to the building, including the entrancethrough the building wall, and continuing to the entranceroom or space. The entrance room can be thecommunications closet, equipment room, and in somecases the communications computer room.

6.3.2.4.2 With small diameter 0.5-inch (12-mm) cables such asoptical fiber and coaxial cable 2-inch (50-mm) conduitsshall be used. With larger diameter cables, such as multi-pair copper cables and innerduct, 4-inch (100-mm)conduits shall be used.

6.3.2.4.3 As a minimum, two 4-inch (100-mm) conduits—with atleast one spare 4-inch (100-mm) conduit—shall beconsidered for each entrance point. In addition, three2-inch (50-mm) conduits shall also be considered.

6.3.2.4.4 A separate communications closet, or communicationsequipment room, on the same floor as the entrance facilityshall be provided for buildings with a communicationscomputer room.

6.3.3 Building Facility

6.3.3.1 Buildings shall be served by at least one communications closet orequipment room, with a minimum of one communications closet perfloor. There is no maximum number of telecommunications closetsthat may be provided within a building.

6.3.3.2 Communication rooms shall not be shared with other services norshall these rooms contain non-communications-related equipment.Piping, ductwork, pneumatic tubing, etc., other than for sprinklersystems, shall not pass through communication rooms.

6.3.3.3 All communications rooms shall be fitted with a locking mechanismto prevent the entry of unqualified personnel.

6.3.3.4 The communications closet and equipment rooms shall be located asclose as possible to the center of the floor space being served, awayfrom any threat of potential flooding.

6.3.3.5 The communications rooms shall not be below or adjacent to roomsthat store or require running water. Avoid locations that are waterhazards such as restrooms, break rooms (with sinks), and kitchens. If



the communications closet is at risk of water ingress, a floor drainshall be installed.

6.3.3.6 In buildings that have a computer room, the communications closetor equipment room shall be adjacent.

6.3.3.7 In qualifying the communications room location, other key factorssuch as distances from required utilities, expansion ofcommunication systems, building access for large equipment, andthe distance limitations of the cable being installed for service mustbe considered.

6.3.3.8 Communication rooms shall not be located in any place that may besubject to equipment and other heavy machinery that causesvibration.

6.3.3.9 Sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shall be 10 ft(3000 mm) away from the communications equipment room andcomputer rooms. Examples of EMI sources include photocopyingequipment, door openers, elevator systems, factory equipment, etc.

6.3.4 Room Criteria

6.3.4.1 Floor materials for communications rooms shall have antistaticproperties. Carpet shall not be used.

6.3.4.2 Computer rooms shall have access floors unless otherwise specifiedin PIP ARC01016 data sheet.

6.3.4.3 Windows shall not be provided in communications rooms except asrequired for cable entry.

6.3.4.4 Communications rooms shall not be shared with other services norshall these rooms accommodate pass-through of non-communications-related services such as piping, ductwork,pneumatic tubing, etc., except as required to service the room.

6.3.4.5 Lighting shall be mounted at an 8.5-ft (2600-mm) minimum abovefinished floor. Lighting shall not provide radio frequencyinterference (RFI) that could interfere with the communicationsequipment. Light fixture power shall not be from the same electricaldistribution panel as that of the communications equipment.Computer areas shall be provided with emergency lighting.

6.3.4.6 Communications closets with active equipment and communicationsequipment rooms shall have a minimum of two dedicated 120-voltreceptacle circuits. For convenience, duplex outlets shall be placedat 6-ft (1800-mm) intervals at a height of 6 inches (150 mm) abovethe floor and shall be identified and marked.

6.3.4.7 A dedicated power panel, serving power to communicationsequipment only, shall be installed. If the building has standby power,it shall be designed for the communications equipment roomrequirements including HVAC. Distribution panels that servelighting fixtures shall not serve communications equipment.



6.3.4.8 Communications computer rooms shall have a guarded push buttonat each door that initiates disconnection of power from specifiedequipment. This equipment includes computer room electronicequipment, servers, switches, hubs, etc. The operation of a pushbutton shall close the fire/smoke dampers on the HVAC system.

6.3.4.9 Electrical power for the communications computer room shall besupplied from a minimum of two dedicated power panels.

a. One panel shall be for receptacles.

b. The second panel shall be for the junction boxes in the under-floor area. (A minimum of four dedicated 120-volt nominal,single-phase, non-switched, air-conditioning duplex electricaloutlet receptacles, each on a separate 20-amp-branch circuit,shall be provided.)

6.3.4.10 The standby power for the buildings shall be designed to include thecommunications computer room equipment and HVAC systems.

6.3.5 Room Size

6.3.5.1 Additional communications closets shall be provided for each10,000 ft2 (1000 m2) of building area and where a work area is morethan 300 ft (91 m) from the closet or where the floor area servedexceeds 10,000 ft2 (1000 m2).

6.3.5.2 Shallow communications closets shall be a minimum of 24 inchesdeep x 8 ft, 6 inches wide (600 mm x 2600 mm). Walk-incommunications closets shall be a minimum of 4 ft, 6 inches deep x4 ft, 6 inches wide (1370 mm x 1370 mm). Layouts shall be inaccordance with TIA/EIA-569-A.

6.3.5.3 Communications equipment rooms shall be sized for the equipmentto be used, including future space where required. Room size shallbe approximately 0.75 ft2 (0.07 m2) for each 100 ft2 (9 m2) of workarea, with a minimum size of 150 ft2 (14 m2).

6.3.5.4 Communications computer rooms shall be sized for the equipment tobe used. The design shall anticipate future needs and technologies.Adjacent to the computer room shall be the support rooms such asrecorded media storage, UPS, I/O stations, etc. Refer to NFPA 75,Appendix B, for a typical example.

6.3.6 Communications Closet HVAC

6.3.6.1 The communications closet shall maintain a temperature the same asthat of the adjacent office area. Communications closet with activeequipment shall maintain continuous HVAC at all times. If thebuilding system cannot assure the continuous HVAC required, astand-alone unit shall be provided. The environmental equipmentmay be located inside the room. Sensors and controls shall be placed5 ft (1500 mm) above the finished floor, located in thecommunications closet.



6.4 Fire Protection and Safety

6.4.1 Building fire protection system shall be in accordance with Table 6.4A ofthis Practice. The design of the systems shall comply with the applicableNFPA standards and with this Practice.

6.4.1.1 Building Hydrants (Standpipes)

a. Class I: Provide 2.5-inch (64-mm) hose connections to supplywater for use by fire departments and those trained in handlingheavy fire stream.

b. Class II: Provide 1.5-inch (38-mm) hose stations for useprimarily by the building occupants or by the fire departmentduring initial response.

c. Class III: Provide 1.5-inch (38-mm) hose stations to supplywater for use by building occupants and 2.5-inch (64-mm) hoseconnections to supply a large volume of water for use by firedepartments and those trained in handling heavy fire stream.

Note: Class II is recommended for general requirements.

6.4.1.2 The design of the standpipe system is governed by building height,area per floor occupancy classification, egress system design,required flow rate and residual pressure, and the distance of the hoseconnection from the source(s) of water supply.

6.4.1.3 Automatic Water Sprinkler Systems

Typically, the sprinkler systems shall be wet or pre-action type,depending on the building contents. In general, wet pipe systemsshall be used in all cases except those where inadvertent waterleakage could damage high-value or water sensitive contents. In suchcases, dry pipe or pre-action sprinkler systems shall be used.Systems shall be designed in accordance with NFPA 13.

6.4.1.4 Portable Fire Extinguishers

a. 17-lb (7.7-kg) ABC (ammonium phosphate dry chemical)extinguishers: These extinguishers shall be located at amaximum travel distance of 50 ft (15 m) to every equipmentitem to be protected.

b. 15-lb (6.9-kg) CO2 extinguisher: These extinguishers shall belocated at a maximum travel distance of 30 ft (9 m) fromelectrical equipment to be protected.

c. 100-lb (45.3-kg) CO2 wheeled extinguisher: Theseextinguishers shall be in or near electrical substations and/orswitchgear rooms operating with voltages greater than 600 voltsand near emergency diesel generators.

6.4.1.5 Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems

a. A fixed fire suppression system based on an environmentallyfriendly agent shall be designed according to NFPA 2001.



Table 6.4A. Building Fire Protection System

LocationIndoor

HydrantSprinklerSystem

FixedSuppression

System“ABC”

ExtinguisherCO2

Extinguishera. Control rooms Yes1.b. Control room sub-

floor(1)

2. Substation (4)3. Local maintenance

shopsYes (2) Yes (3)

4. Analyzer houses Yes Yes5. Laboratories Yes (7) Yes (3)6. Main workshops Yes (2) Yes (3)7. Warehouses Yes Yes Yes (3)8. All other buildings that

contain offices,conference rooms, ordining areas

Yes (2) Yes (3)

9. Computer suites andcommunicationcenters

(1) Yes

10. Operator shelter Yes11. Emergency generator

house(6)

Notes:1. (a) Fixed fire suppression system based on an environmentally friendly agent shall

be provided for the sub-floor space of control room, auxiliary room,communications room, and process control computer room. Such systems shallbe designed and installed in full compliance with NFPA 2001.

(b) A clean agent fire extinguishing system shall be used. Existing halon 1301systems may be retained in service until the end of their expected working life.

2. (a) In the control building, other than the control room, computer room, andcommunications equipment room, whether a sprinkler system shall be or shallnot be provided is determined by the use, fires separation, and occupancy ofthese areas. If these areas are provided with a sprinkler system, then theprecaution shall be taken to prevent the discharge water from the sprinkler headto flow to the control room sub-floor.

(b) In the local maintenance shops, a sprinkler system shall be provided for offices,corridors, conference/meeting rooms, document rooms, stairways, break rooms,restrooms, locker rooms, storage rooms, lunch rooms, instrument, workshops,instrument storage rooms, equipment rooms, and tool rooms.

3. Portable CO2 extinguishers, weighing 15 lb (6.9 kg), shall be provided for suchrooms as follows:

• Control rooms• Workshops• HVAC machine rooms• Electrical rooms/battery rooms• Switchgear rooms (less than 600 volts)

4. (a) One 100-lb (45.3-kg) CO2 extinguisher shall be provided for each section ofprimary substations and/or switchgear rooms (greater than 600 volts) and fortransformers with non-flammable or combustible fluids.

(b) Two 110- lb to 150-lb (50- to 70-kg) potassium bicarbonate-wheeledextinguishers shall be provided if flammable or combustible transformer fluid isused.

5. Dry chemical-type extinguishers shall be provided in the commercial kitchenhoods and in those areas containing deep fryers.



6. Both a 100-lb (45.3-kg) CO2 fire extinguisher and a 15-lb (6.9-kg) CO2 fireextinguisher shall be provided.

7. An automatic sprinkler system as per NFPA 45 shall be provided.

6.4.2 Building fire alarm detection and control systems shall be provided inaccordance with Table 6.4B of this Practice.

6.4.3 Building gas detectors shall be provided as required to maintain a safebuilding environment. The type of gas detector to be used depends on thepossible hazards and may include the following:

• Combustible gas detectors

• Toxic gas detectors

• Oxygen analysis

Note: If nitrogen is present and/or nitrogen back-up is provided in thearea, oxygen analysis shall be provided.

6.4.4 HVAC System Interface

When combustible gas and toxic gas sensors are provided, they shall besituated at the fresh air intake. The HVAC system shall be designed tointerlock with these gas-monitoring systems.

Table 6.4B. Building Fire Alarm Detection and Control Systems

No. Building

FireAlarmBox

SmokeDetector

(3)(8)

HeatDetector

(8)PressureSwitch

Audible/VisualAlarm

1. Process control building Yes (1) (2) (6) (4a) (4b) Yes2. Substation Yes Yes (6) Yes3. Local maintenance

buildingsYes (1) (6) (7) (4b) Yes

4. Utility control bldg. Yes (1) (2) (4a) (4b) Yes5. Laboratories Yes Yes (4b) Yes6. Central workshop Yes Yes Yes7. Warehouse for spare parts Yes (1) Yes (4b) Yes8. Warehouse for chemicals Yes Yes Yes (4b) Yes9. Emergency center Yes (1) (2) (4b) Yes

10. Emergency generator house Yes (5) Yes Yes11. Admin. and office areas Yes (1) (4a) (4b) Yes12. HVAC machine room Yes Yes13. Toilets and locker rooms Yes Yes14. Operator's shelter Yes Yes (6) Yes



Notes:1. In principle, smoke detectors shall be used in all spaces and rooms except as

indicated in Note 3. Actuation of smoke detectors shall result in shutdown of HVACsystem and in sounding of audible devices in the protected areas for as long as theemergency situation exists.

2. Actuation of fixed fire suppression system is by a signal from cross-zones smokedetectors.

3. If a sprinkler system is installed, the smoke detection system shall not be provided forthe sprinkler protected areas.

4. System actuation signal of automatic sprinkler system or fixed fire suppressionsystem:(a) Fixed fire suppression system discharge(b) Automatic water sprinkler system actuation

5. Only in the control room6. Only in lunch, break rooms, and battery rooms as applicable. Actuation of heat

detectors shall result in shutdown of HVAC system and in sounding of audibledevices in the protected areas for as long as the emergency situation exists.

7. Only in fabrication/fittings shops and machinery shop8. Early response: An early response UL-listed smoke-detecting system by continually

drawing air into the pipe network via high-efficiency aspirator system may be used toreplace conventional smoke/heat-detecting system.

6.5 Plumbing

6.5.1 This section prescribes design criteria for systems listed below, includingnecessary piping, fittings, valves, hangers and supports, fixtures, equipment,insulation, and other trim, accessories, and related parts for the followingsystems:

• Sanitary drainage, waste, and vent

• Laboratory waste and vent

• Distilled water, laboratory gas, air, vacuum, and steam system

• Potable hot and cold water

• Safety showers and plumbing fixtures

• HVAC condensate drainage

• Roof drainage system

6.5.2 All plumbing design shall comply with local plumbing code. In the absenceof any locally adopted building code, the building plumbing system shall bedesigned in accordance with latest edition of the IPC and the followingrequirements unless otherwise specified on the building data sheet.

6.5.3 Safety Requirements

High-temperature equipment and piping, so located as to endanger personnelor create a fire hazard, shall be properly guarded or covered with insulation.

6.5.4 Plumbing System Layout and Design

6.5.4.1 The plumbing system shall be laid out by determining properelevations for all components of the system and using only the



minimum number of bends to produce a satisfactorily functioningsystem.

6.5.4.2 Pipes shall be laid out to fall within partition, wall, or roof cavities.Furring shall not be used other than as allowed for in the buildingdesign.

6.5.4.3 Horizontal sanitary drainage piping 3 inches (75 mm) and largershall be run at a minimum uniform grade of 1/8 inch per ft (3 mmper 300 mm) (1% slope). Any portion of the drainage systeminstalled underground or below a basement or cellar shall not be lessthan 4 inches (100 mm) in diameter. New pipe shall match slope ofexisting pipe where new pipe ties into existing pipe. Horizontalwater piping shall be run with an adequate pitch upwards indirection of flow to allow complete drainage.

6.5.4.4 Sufficient swing joint, ball joints, expansion loops, and devices shallbe provided as necessary for a flexible piping system.

6.5.4.5 Piping shall be independently supported at pumps, coils, tanks, andsimilar locations so that the equipment shall not support the weightof pipe.

6.5.4.6 The drains from drip pans, relief valves, air vents, and similarlocations shall be piped to spill over an open sight drain, floor drain,or other acceptable discharge point, and terminated with a plain endunthreaded pipe 6 inches (150 mm) above the drain.

6.5.4.7 Complete dielectric isolation shall be provided between ferrous andnonferrous metals.

6.5.4.8 Plumbing pipes shall not be inside the rooms with major electronicequipment.

6.5.5 Floor Drains

6.5.5.1 All floor drains shall be provided with primer connections, exceptshower stall floor drains do not require trap primer connections.

6.5.5.2 Floor drains shall be provided for toilet room, janitor closet, lockersarea, shower stall, eyewash/safety shower, equipment room, andshop areas.

6.5.6 Cleanouts

6.5.6.1 Cleanouts shall be the same size as the pipes but not larger than4 inches (100 mm).

6.5.6.2 Cleanouts shall be easily accessible.

6.5.7 Insulation and Pipe Coating

6.5.7.1 All indoor cold water lines shall be provided with anti-sweatinsulation.

6.5.7.2 Underground steel piping shall be coated and wrapped.



6.5.7.3 The following piping shall be insulated:

a. Domestic hot and cold water piping

b. Horizontal roof drains and overflow piping subjecttocondensation.

6.5.8 Grease Interceptors

Grease interceptors with automatic draw-off shall be provided for drains inareas where food is prepared.

6.5.9 Oil Interceptor

Oil interceptors shall be provided for drains in maintenance shops or insimilar rooms, near mechanical equipment where potential exists for oilleakage or spillage.

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