pill camera mahesh
TRANSCRIPT
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A SEMINARONPILLCAMERA
Presented by:Mahesh pIT 7
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OVER VIEW
o INTRODUCTION
o HISTORY
o ENDOSCOPY
o EXAMINATION SETo INSIDE THE CAPSULE
o PROCEDURE
o USES
o ADVANTAGES
o DISADVANTAGES
o FUTURE INNOVATIONS
o
CONCLUSION
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INTRODUCTION
Patients can now swallow pill-sized, disposablecameras
This new esophageal capsule endoscope is asmooth plastic capsule about the size of a large
vitamin pill that has tiny video cameras at each end. The pill takes about 2,600 color pictures, which are
transmitted to a recording device worn by thepatient.
The disposable capsule is passed naturally, usuallywithin 24 hours.
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HISTORY
The technology available to doctors has evolveddramatically over the past 40 years.
Basic endoscopy was introduced in the late 1960s,and about 20 years later, ultrasound was added,
enabling us to look at internal GI structures asnever before.
In 1981,an Israeli physician,Dr.Gavial Idem, begandevelopment of video camera that would fit inside apill.
Technology was not ready and idea was put onhold. In 2001,the US.FDA approved the givendiagnostic imaging system.
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ENDOSCOPY
The word is derivedform Greek Endo
meaning Inside and
Scopy meaning See.
Using an instrument tovisually examine theinterior of a holloworgan or cavity.
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METHODSOF ENDOSCOPY
Gastrointestinalendoscopy
Gastroscopy Colonoscopy
MAIN METHOD
OTHER METHODS
X-Rays CT Scans
MRI
Surgery
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SOLUTIONTHE CAPSULE
CAMERA
Capsule camera can easily diagnose thesmall intestine disorders.
The capsule containing camera used forendoscopy.
It is the noninvasive type device knowncapsule endoscopy developed by Israelsfor the diagnostic purpose.
A small capsule which is not a medication,
but rather a single use video color-imagingcapsule that hold a microscopic cameragives doctors with better picture of thesmall bowel than standard X-rays.
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EXAMINATION SET
Capsule
Sensor Array.
Data Recorder
Belt
RAPID Workstation
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CAPSULE FEATURES
Size :2.5 cm long and 1.1 cm wide
Dimension :11 mm * 26 mm
Weight : 4 gm
Frame Rate : 2 images/second Magnification : 8x
Capsule coating : non-adherent
Power Source : Battery.
50,000 images are obtained during an 8 hour exam
Disposable.
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INSIDE A CAPSULE CAMERA
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FUNCTIONS
Optical Dome: Allows tissue to be in focuseven if they are to be in contact.
Lens: Used to increase the Depth of thefield.
CMOS Image Sensor: Detects the images.
White LEDs: To illuminate the area aroundthe capsule.
Batteries: Power the capsule.
ASIC Transmitter: Allows the integration ofvideo transmitter of sufficient Power output ,Efficiency, bandwidth of small size intocapsule.
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SENSOR ARRAY
Several Wires areattached to the abdomenlike ECG leads to obtainimages by radio
frequency.
These wires areconnected to alightweight data recorder
worn on a belt. Used to calculate and
indicate the position ofcapsule in the body.
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DATA RECORDER
Data recorder receives andrecords signals transmitted bythe camera to an array ofsensor placed on the patients
body.
It is of the size of walkman
It recieves and stores 50000 to60000 JPEG images on a 9
GB hard drive
Images take several hours todownload through serialconnection.
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BELT
A patient wear areceiver belt around hisor her waist overclothing
A belt is applied aroundthe waist and holds arecording device and abattery pack
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RAPID WORKSTATION
Reporting and Processingof Images and Data
Image data from the datarecorder is downloaded to acomputer equipped withsoftware called RAPIDApplication software.
Helps to convert images
into a movie and allows thedoctor to view the color 3Dimages.
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MOVEMENT OF CAPSULE
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PROCEDURE
Sensors placed on patient
Patient wears a belt that contains a battery packand data recorder.
Patient ingests capsule around 8am
Patient may have clears two hours after ingestion The patient goes about his or her daily routine
while the capsule passes painlessly through theGI tract.
Patient returns 7-8 hours later
After Downloading images,doctor can view the3D images and diagnose the problem
Capsule Exerts in a normal way,so it isdisposable
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USES
Earliest Cancer Detection
Views the Entire GI Tract
Capsule Endoscopy helps the doctor to determinethe cause for:~
Recurrent abdominal pain
Diarrhea Bleeding
Anemia
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ADVANTAGES
o Painless, no side affects or complication.
o Miniature size, so can move easily through thedigestive system.
o Accurate, precise & low power consumption.o Image taken are of very high quality which are sent
almost instantaneous to the recorder for storage.
o Made of bio compatible material, doesnt cause any
harm to the body.
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DISADVANTAGE
Gastrointestinal obstructions and swallowingdisorder prevent free flow of capsule through thedigestive system.
Patients with pacemakers, pregnant women and allpediatrics have to be monitored continuosly whiletaking the capsule.
The procedure is not a replacement forColonoscopy.
Very expensive.
It is not reusable.
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FUTURE INNOVATIONS Scientists hope a future version of the camera pill
will repair gut problems as well as spot them!
The scientific community at the University ofWashington is currently developing a pill-sizedcamera which would travel through the bodylooking for signs of disease.
The researchers are negotiating a contract tocommercialize the technology. They hope to notonly take pictures, but also deliver treatmentsthrough the device in future.
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CONTINUES In future the next big challenge is to make this
cheaply.
In the future it hope to not only take pictures, butalso deliver treatments through the device, and toapply it to other diseases.
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CONCLUSION
The Given Endoscopy capsule is a pioneeringconcept for Medical Technology of the 21st century.
The endoscopy system is the first of its kind to be
able to provide non-invasive imaging of the entiresmall intestine.
It has revolutionized the field of diagnostic imagingto a great extent and has proved to be of great help
to physicians all over the world.
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DISCUSSION
Questions ?