pieter verdonckt
TRANSCRIPT
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Initiatief in het kader van het Interreg IVB Project ARBOR, met steunvan de Europese gemeenschap, de Vlaamse Overheid en deprovincie West-Vlaanderen.
Pieter Verdonckt, Inagro
Bio-energy production Europe BEPE project19 maart 2012
Woody biomass for local use:Short rotation coppice
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- What is short rotation coppice and why?
- Technical aspects
- Productivity and rentability
- Examples
- Multifunctional aspects
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Cultivation of fast growing woody plants of which theaboveground biomass is harvested in its entirity periodicallyfor up to 8 years after planting or after the previousharvest.
What is Short rotationcoppice (SRC)?
SRC forest
Condition:planted outside
vulnerable areas.
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Potential renewable energy by 2020
gg
g
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SWEDEN: 20.000 haPOLAND: 6800 ha
ITALY: 6000ha (mainly poplar)ENGLAND: 3000ha
IRELAND: 1000 ha
GERMANY:
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2 different planting systems
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Five-year cropping system with Poplar
Advantages:- Less problems with weed control- Lower risk of damage by drought- Higher quality of wood (less bark)- Machines for harvest are available (cfrforestry)
Desadvantages:- Shorter life span; more expensive- No machines for mechanicalplanting
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3-jarig systeem met wilg Zweeds systeem
Advantages:- Weed control is more intensive- Risk of damage by drought- More bark- Only one machine for harvest isavailable in Flanders (corn harvester)
Desadvantages:- Longer life span, less expensive- Machines for planting andmanagement are available
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Technichal aspects
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Site Selection - Site preparation
When?- early spring; February/March (lower risk of waterstress)
Where?- rectangular plot => minimal headlands- Rich loamy soils, good aeration and water
retention.- pH in the range 5,5 7
Pre-planting
- Pre-ploughing herbicide application ifnecessary (glyphosate 4 - 5l/ha)-
ploughing(plowed and power harrowed, prepareseedbed in mid march (6 weeks beforeplanting) spray off germinated weeds)- harrowed as close as possible to planting
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Planting
Swedish planting system with shortcuttings, using a leek planter
double row system at a distance of0,75m and 1,50m between everydouble row
Headlands of at least 12m
planting distance in the row is0,60m or planting density of15.000cuttings per ha
2 ha/day
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Management
Less intensive than classic arable cultures
Weed control
Chemical pre-emergent herbicide: in de poten van 180cm ( 5-jarige teelt )
Terano ( 60% Flufenacet + 2,5% Metosulam ) aan
0,5 tot 1kg/ha
in stekken 21cm ( 2-jarige teelt )
Mengsel van :
- Linuron 500SC ( Linuron 500g/l) 2L/ha
- Kerb 400SC ( Propyzamide 400g/L) 1,5L/ha- AZ 500 ( Isoxaben 500g/L ) 0,5l/ha
AND
Mechanical with weeder or line cultivator
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Phratora vulgatissima
Pests in SRC
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IngerTordisToraRaambergerOlof
Pests in SRC
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Diseases in SRC
Roest (Melamsora spp.)
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Most important fungalpathogen of SRC Willow
- mild winters favourdevelopment of the disease
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first seen in late spring,underside of leaf
- Lead to prematuredefoliation with implicationsfor yield
- Can cause significant levelsof damage to shoots andstools and even cause death.
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Pests and diseases in SRC
Control could be achieved using fungicides or insecticides,however this is not considered a solution for a number ofreasons;
- Economics
- use of pesticides is not compatible with the idea ofwillow as an environmentally acceptable crop.
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Practically difficult to apply chemical disease andpest control.
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Only solution!Right choice of plant material;
Varities RelativeYield
Leaf rust Insects* Leaf beetle
Frost damage(schaal 0-5)
L 78183 (ref.) 100 100 100 100 4
TORA 155 (74)*** 0,2 43 112 3
TORHILD 123 (41) 2 87 107 5
SVEN 136 (45) 0,3 116 104 5
OLOF 143 (41) 12 44 106 5
GUDRUN 138 (20) 0,6 25 29 0
TORDIS 131 (28) 0 57 86 5INGER 141 (9) 9 64 89 5
KARIN 107 (9) 6 81 104 1
KLARA 125 (2) 4 33 85 0
H
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Harvest
Four different types of harvesters weretested and demonstrated this winter:
- Harvest when trees are at rest (nov-maart)- every 3 year , 30-60 tons DM/ 3 year (10-20 tons DM/ha/year)
AangepastemashakselaarBelgium
Energy harvester(Ny Vraa)Denmark
Stemster MKIII(Nordic Biomass)Denmark
BioBaler(Anderson Group Co.)Canada
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0
2
4
6
8
10
12% humidity
Drying wood chips
Drying by natural convection (concrete floor,roofed and well ventilated) or using activeventilation (cf. grain drying)
Moisture content fresh wood chips 50%
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Short rotation coppice to
diversify agriculture
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Yield OF SRC on test plot 0,5 ha
YieldDM
(ton/ha/
year)
Yield test plots
Average yield DM incl.Raamberger = 16,71 ton
Average yield DM excl.
Raamberger = 18,39 ton
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Estimation profitability
=> 12 ton DM (0% M)/ha/year=> 15,6 ton dry wood chips (30% M)/ha/year
Equivalent to 5000l oil/ha/year=> Every 3 year 46,8 ton dry wood can be harvested per ha
= 3,5 m/ tondry wood chips
s ma on pro a y a or own use
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s ma on pro a y a or own use
Investment Year 1 Cost (excl. VAT)
Pre- planting 270
Chemichal weed control80
Plowing and harrowing140
Amount of cuttings
(15000/ha)
Price cuttings (0,08)1200
Planting with leek planter900Mechanical weed control 500
Subtotal 1 ha 2808
Total 2 ha 5.616
Farmer with a fuel consumption of 10.000l per year (0,749/l)= 7490/year
=> equivalent to 30 ton wood chips per year (M30%)
All prices are excl VAT
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Investments Price (excl VAT)
2 ha SRC 5.616
Drying accomodation 300m3
(concrete floor + concrete walls and plasticgreenhouse)
11000
Price biomass installationWood boiler 100kW 20000
Supply system and stock 5500
Subsidies on investment (28%) -7140
Buffer 5.000l 6500
Total investment wood boiler 24.860
Total investment for self sufficiency 44.300
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Yearly cost Cost (excl VAT)
Managemet plantation /ha
Year 1, 2, 3 (cycle 1) harvest 1300
fertilizing 0
Cycle 2 Etc. 1300
=> 1300 per cycle (3 year) or433 per year/ha
Yearly maintenance andservice of wood boiler
300
Cost (excl VAT)
Remove plantation after 21 year 2500
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Farmers uses its own produced wood chips coming from SRC
Production price per ton 104,04
= ((depreciation 2ha en drying space) + management cost 2ha +depreciation and maintenance of heating) / 31,2 ton
Gross revenu per ton dry
wood chips
243
Profit per ton 139
Annual net revenu per ha 2437
= (saved cost 10000l oil + selling surplus wood chips) -
(depreciation 2 ha, drying space and heating + management cost 2ha +
maintenance heating)/2
Static pay back (years) 6,28
=> Assuming a production of 12 tons / year / ha, or 15.6 tons of wood chips (M30%) equivalent to 93.6 tons of wood chips (M30%) when harvesting every 3 years 2haFuel Oil Price 0.7490 / l (average 5000l) (excl. VAT and excise)
Estimation profitability 2ha SRC for
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13 ton/ha(=10 ton DS)
15,6 ton /ha(=12 ton DS)
18,2 ton /ha(=14 ton DS)
20,8 ton /ha(=16 ton DS)
23,4 ton /ha(=18 ton DS)
26 ton/ha(=20 ton DS)
Net present Vlaue 117.702 126.466 135.229 143.062 151.408 159.754
Modified internalrate of return(MIRR)
13 % 13 % 14 % 14 % 15 % 15 %
Dynamic paybacktime (year)
7 7 6 6 6 6
Net annualincome/ha
2802 3011 3220 3406 3605 3804
Estimation profitability 2ha SRC forown useFarmer plants 2 ha SRC and dries wood chips ( Financingcost 6% => refinancing yield 3%
=> Discount rate 4%=> Taking into account a price increase of 5%/year for energy.
Compare net annual income/ ha with arable cultures=> Short rotation coppice => min. 2802 /ha
=> Wheat- potatoes - corn suga rbeet =>average 1500 /ha
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Preconditions and comments
- Yields are variable and depend on soil conditions and type
- All costs for construction and management fee calculated oncontract work
- There was no account of agricultural subsidies (/ha) in thecalculations. (typical for Flanders 460 / ha)
- Not include lease costs of ground (average rent of arable land inBelgium = 229 )
- If oil prices continue to rise, the profitability of the crops willfurther increase
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Examples
Farmer Dirk Talpe Wervik (2ha)
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heating installation on wood 100kW(2007)- SRC since 2008
- 2000m greenhouse (floriculture)
- 30 tons dry wood chips/year(= 10 000l oil)
- investment: 28 253
- 30% Vlif-steun (subsidies received)
-First harvest in nov 2011 after 4 years(average yearly yield = 10 ton)
Farmer Dirk Talpe, Wervik (2ha)
Dairy farm with own cheese
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- Dairy farm-Since 2001 2,5 ha SRC- used as biofilter for;
- dung juices from 60cows
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cleaning water fromstables
- wastewater fromthe dairy and cheeseproduction
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total investment 65.000- yearly saved cost = 5000- 8m3/day, drip irrigation- upto 300 N-units/ha
Dairy farm with own cheeseproduction (2,5ha SRC) (Fr)
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Ursel (6ha poplar )
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Multifunctional applications ofSRC
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Extra income
Buffer against dust or odourLandscape integration
Biodiversity on industrial sites
New plantation spring 2012 (2,5 ha)
www.xylempor.eu
SRC and industry gounds
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Extra income
Improvement of animal well being
Drainage
Buffer for odour
Landscape integration
spring 2012: 1 ha will be planted
Chickens and chips?
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Biodiversity
Why does SRC has potential?
- Perennial low input culture, no use ofpesticides and low fertilization
- More stable and natural environmentthan intensively managed annual energy
crops- Willow is a host plant to a lot of insects- Development of a herbacious
vegetation below SRC and rich soil,higher natural equilibrium (insecten en
hun predatoren)- Large headlands without negativeeffects from pesticides where insects,butterflies and plants can occur.
spring 2012: 2,5 ha will be planted
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Thanks for your attention!
For more information, [email protected]
or go to;
WWW. .be
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]