picking out the most abstraction a problem and ignoring

Computational Thinking

Abstraction

Using techniques such as abstraction,

decomposition, and algorithmic thinking to

solve a complex problem

Picking out the most important elements of

a problem and ignoring the irrelevant

details

Decomposition

Algorithm

A series of logical steps which can be

taken to solve a problem

LC Computer Science – Computational thinking

Breaking down a complex problem into

smaller, more manageable

problems

A simplified coding language without

any specific syntax

Pseudocode

Flowchart

A diagram used to show a process. Often used to

show algorithm functionality using

shapes and arrows.

A data value that can be changed

Variable

Constant

A data value that always remains

the same

LC Computer Science – Computational Thinking

A simulation method to

examine interaction between a group of ‘agents’ in order to understand their

behaviour

Agent-based Modelling

Model

A representation of a real-life system or

situation using technology

Agent

Emergent behaviour

LC Computer Science – Agent-Based Modelling

In the context of ABMs, the agent makes

decisions based on the environment they are in

A behaviour noticed when a group of agents

are observed interacting with each

other

A character set more commonly known as ASCII

American Standard Code for Information

Interchange

ASCII

The most popular English character set which

represents 128 different characters using 7-bit

binary codes

Uses 8-bit binary codes, allowing for the

representation of 128 more characters than the original ASCII character

set

Extended ASCII

Unicode

A character set which can represent emojis and characters from

most major world languages

LC Computer Science - ASCII/Unicode

A set of rules which determine the way data is transmitted across a network

Protocol

HTTP

Protocol seen at the beginning of a web

address used communicate with a

web server

Secure version of HTTP. Necessary for online payments and

access to online banking

HTTPS

Internet Protocol

Governs the sending of data over the Internet

LC Computer Science - Communication Protocols

Sends voice data over the Internet. Used in many communication applications such as

Skype and WhatsApp

VoIP

Transmission Control Protocol

Ensures correct transmission of data

packets over a network

An address that is used to identify a

device on a network

MAC address

Uniform Resource Locator

The unique address of a web page or resource on the

Web

LC Computer Science - Communication Protocols

Enabling computers to carry out tasks that

humans do, to the same standard as a human

Artificial Intelligence

Machine Learning

Computer systems and programs gradually

becoming more accurate and precise without direct input from a programmer

The developer of the Turing Machine (an important

mathematical machine in the development of

computers as they are today)

Alan Turing

Augmented Reality

An enhanced version of the real world

created using technology

LC Computer Science - Computers and Society

The first high-level programming

language, created by Grace Hopper in 1953

A-0

Cloud computing

Using services hosted on the

Internet

The most common computer architecture used. It is composed of the CPU, input and output devices, a

bus and memory

Von Neumann Architecture

Cryptography

LC Computer Science – Computers and Society

The encryption and decoding of messages

sent through a computer

The morals that govern the decisions we make

(i.e. what is considered to be right and wrong)

Ethics

Stakeholder

Someone who has interest in or is affected by a

particular situation

Where we live and our surroundings (which

we must aim to conserve and protect)

Environment

Tim Berners-Lee

The inventor of the World Wide

Web (1989)

LC Computer Science - Ethics

The controlling of what people can

view on the Internet

Censorship

Surveillance

The monitoring of what people are viewing on the

Internet

The use of social media to intentionally

cause harm to someone else

Cyberbullying

General Data Protection

Regulation Act

An act brought in to protect people’s

personal information when it is collected

and processed

LC Computer Science - Ethics

Base 2 number system.

Represented by the digits 1 and 0

Binary

Denary

Base 10 number system, also known as decimal. The number system we

use in daily life (1,2,3,4,5,etc.)

Base 16 number system. Represented

by digits 1-9 and letters A-F

Hexadecimal

Bit

One single binary digit (1

or 0)

LC Computer Science - Data

4 bits (binary digits)

Nibble

Byte

8 bits (binary digits)

1024 bytes

Kilobyte

Megabyte

1024 kilobytes


1024 megabytes

Gigabyte

Terabyte

1024 gigabytes

1024 terabytes

Petabyte

Data type

Used to classify data based on its intended use. (E.g.

strings are used to store text whilst integers and floats are used for number data)


Data type used to store text (such as

names and surnames)

String

Integer

Data type used to store positive and

negative whole numbers

Data type used to store numbers with decimal points. Also known as a floating

point number

Float

Boolean

Data type used for true/false statements


ALU

AI

ASCII

American Standard Code for Information

Interchange

Basic Input Output System

Artificial Intelligence

LC Computer Science - Key Abbreviations

Arithmetic Logic Unit

BIOS

Central Processing Unit

CPU

CSS Cascading

Style Sheets

Comma-separated values

CSV

GB Gigabyte


Graphical User Interface

HyperText Transfer Protocol

HyperText Markup Language

HTTP

HTML


GUI

GDPR

General Data Protection Regulation

HyperText

Transfer Protocol Secure

KB

Internet of Things

Kilobyte

IoT


IP

Internet Protocol

HTTPS

Operating System

LED

OS


Megabyte

Light Emitting Diode

Local Area Network

MB

LAN

Personal Computer

RAM

ROM


Read Only Memory

Random Access Memory

Portable Network Graphics

PC

PNG

IP

HyperText Transfer

Protocol Secure

JavaScript

HTTPS

JS

Internet of Things

Internet Protocol

IoT


Transmission Control Protocol

Uniform Resource Locator

TCP


UI

URL

KB Kilobyte

User Interface

World Wide Web

WIMP

WWW

USB


Universal Serial Bus

Wide Area Network

WAN

Windows, Icons, Menus and

Pointers

Integrated Development Environment

Universal Design

User Interface

IDE

The designing of a product so that

anyone can use it

LC Computer Science - Software Design and Development

What the user sees and interacts with

when using a device

User-centered Design

A design process that prioritises the

needs and wants of the user

LC Computer Science – Software Design and Development

Structured Query Language

SQL

When an algorithm (or function) calls itself until

a particular condition (termination condition) is

met

Recursion

High-level Programming

Language

Programming language that is easy to write in for humans. It

must be converted into machine code for the

computer to understand it

The repetition of steps in a process

Iteration

LC Computer Science – World Wide Web and Internet

A server which utilises the Internet

to store files and data

Cloud

Internet

A global network of networks which

connects devices all over the world

A system of connected files and web pages hosted

on the Internet

World Wide Web

picking out the most abstraction a problem and ignoring

Documents