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P.1 油子構胃基礎概念 B

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Page 1: Œß[Pi¸‹ÝWœy i‡ ı - el2.imd.com.twel2.imd.com.tw/LMSCourse/CourseContent/Course1900/ch01/1/01.pdf · SOP Small Outline Package SOJ Small Outline J-Lead PLCC Plastic Leaded

P.1

電子構裝基礎概念

呂宗興

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P.2

1.構裝技術簡介

2. IC構裝製程

3.基板類型簡介

4.先進 IC構裝

5.構裝技術之展望

內 容

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P.3

電子構裝之定義及範圍

電腦 通訊 民生

所需技術:電子、機械、物理、化學、材料、光學、可靠性工程、人因工程…..等多重領域之工程技術。

定義:微電子技術之發展日新月異,電子零組件之尺寸不斷縮小,零組件之間必須透過高效能、高可靠性、高密度及低成本之互連(Interconnection),才能建構成一個具有廣泛性功能及實用價值之電子產品;而建構此互連技術之相關工程技藝,被統合稱為電子構裝技術。

應用產品:

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P.4

第二階層構裝

第一階層構裝

第三階層構裝

晶圓(Wafer)

晶片(Chip)

多晶片模組(MCM)單晶片構裝

電子構裝之層級

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P.5

Images

3D Graphics

建構人機介面

協助散熱保護元件

電源供應層

信號分佈層

電子構裝之主要功能

1.有效供應電源

2.提供信號傳輸

3.協助排除耗熱

4.保護電子組件

5.建構人機介面

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P.6

DIP

Dual In-LinePackage

PGA

Pin Grid Array

SOP

Small OutlinePackage

SOJ

Small OutlineJ-Lead

PLCC

Plastic LeadedChip Carrier

QFP

Quad Flat Pack

常見之封裝形式

PBGA

Plastic ball Grid Array

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P.7

PBGA

QFP

TSOP

SOP

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P.8

金線(Gold Wire)晶片(Chip)

晶片座(Die Pad) 銀膠(Silver Epoxy)

引腳(Lead)

單晶片構裝之基本結構

膠體(Epoxy Molding Compound)

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P.9Ball Grid Array (BGA)結構

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P.10

面積陣列構裝之優、缺點

優點:1.在一定表面積下,可提供更多之輸出/輸入接點。2.具薄型化之方便性。3.焊點間距縮小,有利於小型化。4.可使用多層基板設計,有效改善電氣特性。5.具彈性之結構設計,可有效提升散熱性能。6.易於擴充至多晶片模組領域。7.可使用較寬鬆之SMT對位精度及平整度製程要求。

缺點:1.成本較傳統構裝為高。2.因膠體結構之非對稱性,可靠性較傳統構裝差。

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P.11晶片互連技術 (Chip Interconnection)

1.焊線接合(Wire Bonding)─使用金線或鋁線,以熱壓及超音波接合

2.覆晶接合(Flip Chip Bonding)─使用錫鉛迴焊或(非)導電膠固化接合

3.卷帶式接合(TAB─Tape Automatic Bonding)─使用金對金熱壓接合

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P.12

Wire Bonding

Flip Chip Bonding

TAB

1 10 100 1000 10000

接點數/晶片

技術種類

接點數與接合技術之選擇

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P.13

TO DIP

QFP

BGA

TCP

Chip Scale Pacage

Direct ChipAttach

on Board

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

PTH SMTArea

ArrayFine PitchArea Array

單晶片構裝之演變

PGA

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P.14

1.構裝技術簡介

2. IC構裝製程

3.基板類型簡介

4.先進 IC構裝

5.構裝技術之展望

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P.15

IC構裝製程 -前段

研磨前晶圓

研磨後晶圓

晶片(Chip)

晶圓背面研磨 晶圓切割

晶片黏接

銲線

Wafer BacksideGrinding Wafer Sawing Die Bonding

Wire Bonding

導線架(Leadframe)

說明:1.研磨之主要目地,在控制適當晶片厚度以方便後續製程。2.晶片黏接主要使用材料為銀膠或其他非導電性環氧樹脂,一般需後烘烤1小時以充分熟化膠體。

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P.16

IC構裝製程 -後段正極 負極

Transfer Molding Solder Plating Trimming & Forming

壓模成型 錫鉛電鍍 彎腳成型

說明:1.壓模成型後,通常需1~4小時之後烘烤製程,讓膠體充分熟化。2.一般錫鉛電鍍成分比例,錫90%鉛10%。3.Trimming製程之主要目地,在去除膠渣及導線架不必要之連桿,Trimming製程有時安排於電鍍製程前。

4.後段製程細分時,可包括膠體背印及正印製程。

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P.17

塑膠IC構裝常見之破壞模式

1. 脫層(Delamination)2. 金線斷裂3. 金線短路4. 金球脫落 (lifted bond)5. 金線線弧偏移(Wire sweep)6. 焊墊污染7. 黏晶膠氣孔8. 封裝體破裂9. 晶片龜裂10.晶片覆層(Passivation)龜裂11.封裝體氣孔(Mold void)

晶片(Die)

5 2

3

6

10

4 11

1

9

7

8

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P.18

吸濕氣

暴露於濕氣環境

製程中加熱時產生蒸氣袋

迴焊(Solder Reflow)製程加熱

蒸氣壓增大膠體變形

溫度增高 降溫冷卻

膠體龜裂擴至表面

塑膠構裝之爆米花效應 (Popcorn effect)

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P.19

IC Package熱傳輸路徑

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P.20

1.構裝技術簡介

2. IC構裝製程

3.基板類型簡介

4.先進 IC構裝

5.構裝技術之展望

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P.21基板類型

多層基板

積層式印刷電路板(Laminated PCB)

共燒陶瓷基板(Cofired Ceramics)

薄膜沉積基板(Deposited Thin Film)

Thin film on silicon

Thin film on ceramics

Thin film on metal

軟性基板(Flexible PCB)

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P.22

認識印刷電路板 (PCB)

1.單面板 單層信號層

2.雙面板 雙層信號層

3.多層板 雙層信號層雙層電源層

4.多層板 四層信號層雙層電源層

S

S

S

SPP

S

SPSSP

S

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P.23

1層

2層3曾

4層5層

6層7層

8層

頂疊層夾具

離型紙

1 oz銅箔

B stage(prepreg)

內層板

底疊層夾具

定位銷

熱壓

PCB之疊層與壓合

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P.24

1.構裝技術簡介

2. IC構裝製程

3.基板類型簡介

4.先進 IC構裝

5.構裝技術之展望

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P.25

CSP (Chip Scale Package)

覆晶(Flip Chip )技術。小尺寸。低電感。高 I/O

Chip Scale構裝

Surface Mount。標準化。易於生產。可測性。可重工。可靠性

Definition : chip scale package (CSP) is a package whose package-to-silicon area ratio less than 120 percent.

CSP is derived from existing packages, that is, it can be any type ofpackages.

Silicon

Package area

Silicon area< 1.2

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P.26

CSP之分類

1.硬板中介層(Rigid Substrate Interposer)

2.導線架型式(Leadframe Type)

3.軟板中介層(Flex circuit Interposer)

4.無中介層,壓模成型(Transfer Molding)

5.晶圓層級(Wafer-Level)

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P.27

Flip Chip

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P.28

Flip Chip基本結構

fcPBGA

fcCSP

Super FC

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P.29Multi Chip Module

Definition : Multi chip module (MCM) is a module orpackage which usually contains a high density interconnectsubstrate, several active and passive components, and apackage which can be connected to the next level ofinterconnection.

ChipChip Chip

Chip Chip

Single Chip Module Multi Chip Module (MCM)

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P.30

What is KGD?

has quality and reliability comparable to itsfunctionally equivalent packaged component,

can be interconnected to its next level ofpackaging by wirebond, tape automated bonding,or flip -chip.

Known Good Die (KGD) is a die which has beenmanufactured and delivered in a bare, or minimallypackaged die format, which

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P.31MCM Yield as Function of Die Yield

Source : TechSearch International, Inc.

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P.32

1.構裝技術簡介

2. IC構裝製程

3.基板類型簡介

4.先進 IC構裝

5.構裝技術之展望

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P.33

基板發展幾個重要方向:A.有機基板仍為發展主流。B.滿足Flip Chip及SIP需求之高密度Build-up基板仍需加強發展。C.High Tg基板。D.內藏式功能性基板之挑戰─High Dk及製造參數之精確度。

IC構裝幾個重要課題:A.整合MEMS&3D發展先進構裝之開發。B.SIP(SOP)之挑戰─整合設計、製造服務導向。C.DCA、COB與SMT混載式模組構裝製程服務逐漸興起。

構裝技術發展之重要課題

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P.34

System in Package

Integral Substrate

MEMS / 3D Package

O-E Package / EOCB

Green Packaging

System-in-a-Package

Built-in C

Built-in R

Built-in LGND

Wave guideVccZ-connectionBuilt-in Active

3D Package O-E Device

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P.35

CIB (Chip In Board)

Through Hole

COC (Chip on Chip)

Wire Bonding Wireless Bonding (FCB, others)

3D Packages

Source:JEITA

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P.36CiSP – Chip in Substrate Package

Source: from ITRI (工研院)

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P.37

Ultra Thin Wafer

Source:IZM

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P.38

環保製程之需求

Halogen Free LaminateMaterial

Lead Free SMT

Lead Free Flip Chip

BGA on BoardAlloy: Sn/Ag/Cu

PhosphorousBase Epoxy