Phytotaxa 174 (2) 082ndash088wwwmapresscomphytotaxa Copyright copy 2014 Magnolia Press Article PHYTOTAXA

ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition)

ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition)

82 Accepted by Zhi-Qiang Zhang 18 Jun 2014 published 9 Jul 2014

httpdxdoiorg1011646phytotaxa17422

Stigmaphyllon caatingicola (Malpighiaceae) a new species from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests in Brazil

RAFAEL FELIPE DE ALMEIDA1 amp ANDREacute MAacuteRCIO AMORIM123

1 Programa de Poacutes-Graduaccedilatildeo em Botacircnica Departamento de Ciecircncias Bioloacutegicas Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana Av Transnordestina sn 44036-900 Feira de Santana Bahia Brazil2 Departamento de Ciecircncias Bioloacutegicas Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Km 16 rod Ilheacuteus-Itabuna 45600-970 Ilheacuteus Bahia Brazil3 Herbaacuterio Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau CEPEC Rodovia Ilheacuteus-Itabuna Km 22 45650-000 Ilheacuteus Bahia Brazil Corresponding authorrafaelfelipealmeidahotmailcom

Abstract

Stigmaphyllon caatingicola is described and illustrated We also provide a distribution map and comments on species dis-tributions conservation and taxonomy This species is distinguished from Stigmaphyllon urenifolium by its deciduous leaves when flowering lamina membranaceous entire to apically trilobed abaxially tomentose with hairs deciduous in patches one latero-anterior petal with reddish macula sepals with darkish hairs styles glabrous stigma foliolate and samaroid meri-carps densely sericeous with a dorsal wing horizontally orientated

Key words Caatinga Malpighiales Ryssopterys Taxonomy

Resumo

Stigmaphyllon caatingicola eacute descrito e ilustrado Em adiccedilatildeo noacutes fornecemos mapa de distribuiccedilatildeo e comentaacuterios sobre dis-tribuiccedilatildeo conservaccedilatildeo e taxonomia da espeacutecie Esta espeacutecie eacute distinta de Stigmaphyllon urenifolium por suas folhas deciacuteduas na floraccedilatildeo lacircmina membranaacutecea inteiras ou apicalmente tri-lobadas face abaxial tomentosa com tricomas desprendendo-se em regiotildees uma peacutetala latero-anterior com maacutecula avermelhada seacutepalas com tricomas enegrecidos estiletes glabros aacutepice dos estiletes com foliacuteolos reduzidos e samariacutedeos densamente seriacuteceos com ala dorsal orientada horizontalmente

Palavras-chave Caatinga Malpighiales Ryssopterys Taxonomia

Introduction

Stigmaphyllon AJuss (1833 37) comprises 112 species occurring worldwide within the tropics (Anderson 2011) Most species are woody vines with long-petioled elliptical to cordate leaves clusters of yellow flowers arranged in dichasia and styles with lateral appendages at their apices (stigma foliolate) The fruit is a schizocarp that splits into three samaroid mericarps with large dorsal wings (Anderson 1997) The genus is currently divided into two subgenera subg Stigmaphyllon with 92 species restricted to the Neotropics except for S bannisterioides (L) CEAnderson (1992 328) which reaches West Africa and subg Ryssopterys (AJuss) CEAnderson (2011 76) with 20 species restricted to Southeast Asia and Oceania Both subgenera were regarded as separate by different authors (Anderson 1997 Niedenzu 1928) but recent phylogenetic studies support their combination (Davis amp Anderson 2010) Monographs for both groups were presented by Anderson (1997 2011) Stigmaphyllon is represented in Brazil by 46 species occurring mostly along streams in the Amazon and Atlantic Forests (Anderson 1997 Mamede et al 2014) with only a few species occurring in dry habitats such as Caatinga (dryland) and Cerrado (neotropical savanna) vegetation (Mamede et al 2014) Caatinga vegetation is included within the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests Domain in South America (Santos et al 2012) being a mosaic of thorn scrub and seasonally dry forests (Leal et al 2005 Moro et al 2014) and holding more than 2000 species of vascular plants fishes reptiles amphibians birds and mammals Endemism levels vary from 7 to 57 within these groups (Leal et al 2005)

STIGmAPHyllon CAATInGIColA (MALPIghIACEAE) Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press bull 83

In spite of its high endemism in many different groups Caatinga is poorly diverse in Stigmaphyllon species ndash with just three species commonly being found S auriculatum (Cav) AJuss (1833 48) S cavernulosum CEAnderson (1989 513) and S paralias AJuss (1833 59) None of these species are restricted to this vegetation type however being also found within the Atlantic Forest Domain S paralias also occurs in Cerrado vegetation (Anderson 1997 Mamede et al 2014) During fieldwork in Caatinga vegetation in Bahia State we were surprised by finding a new leafless species of Stigmaphyllon

Material and Methods

Field and herbarium collections from the most representative herbaria in Brazil (ALCB BhCB CEN CEPEC hRB hUEFS INPA IPA MBM R RB SP SPF UB UFg and UFMS) were analyzed (acronyms according to Thiers 2014) All collections and type specimens (or images of them) were examined using a stereomicroscope and the specialized literature on the family was consulted Maps were elaborated using Arcgis software (ESRI 2010) and geographical coordinates were obtained from Anderson (1997) and from herbarium specimens

Taxonomy

Stigmaphyllon caatingicola RFAlmeida amp Amorim sp nov (Figs 1 2 3)

TypemdashBRAZIL Bahia Rio de Contas Distrito de Arapiranga Estrada para povoado Casa da Telha 13˚34rsquo24rdquoS 41˚43rsquo13rdquoW 23 July 2013 fl RF Almeida 577 m Alves l moura amp E Chagas (holotype hUEFS isotypes CEPEC MICh P RB SP)

This species is morphologically similar to Stigmaphyllon urenifolium but it is distinguished by showing deciduous leaves when flowering lamina membranaceous entire to apically trilobed abaxially tomentose with hairs deciduous in patches sepals with darkish hairs one latero-anterior petal with reddish macula styles glabrous posterior styles ca 45ndash50 mm stigma foliolate samaroid mericarps densely sericeous with dorsal wing horizontally orientated

Liana branches longitudinally rugose with a corky bark prominent lenticels glabrous stipules ca 2 mm long triangular glabrous deciduous when mature borne on a prominent ridge at base of leaves Leaves opposite to subopposite deciduous when flowering Laminas 33ndash55 times 43ndash75 cm cordiform to apically lobed membranaceous dark grey on both sides when dry apex of lobes obtuse to mucronate with filiform glands margin with sessile glands sparse base lobed adaxial surface sparsely tomentose when young soon glabrate abaxial surface densely tomentose hairs whitish twisted deciduous in patches actinodromous venation veins prominent abaxially petioles 13ndash28 cm canaliculated densely sericeous hairs whitish scamiform apex with pair of discoid glands abaxially enlarged at base Inflorescence in umbels 9ndash12 flowered disposed on a thyrse of dichasia each dichasia subtended by a pair of soon deciduous reduced leaves 45ndash5 mm long sessile with a pair of conspicuous glands at base apex with filiform glands densely tomentose with scamiform hairs inflorescence axis 30ndash85 cm long striated densely sericeous with whitish hairs deciduous in patches when mature peduncles 5ndash10 mm long sericeous hairs darkish pedicels 6ndash10 mm long sericeous hairs darkish bracts 20ndash25 times ca 15 mm ovate sericeous abaxially bracteoles 15ndash20 times 10ndash15 mm ovate sericeous abaxially Floral bud reddish sepals ca 30 times 40 mm ovate sericeous hairs darkish apex rounded elaiophores 10 whitish to light yellow ca 15 times 20 mm oblong petals yellow one latero-anterior petal with reddish macula margin fimbriate fimbrie up to 05 mm long latero-anterior petals orbicular base obtuse 10ndash11 times ca 15 mm claw ca 30 times 10 mm latero-posterior petals orbicular base truncate 10ndash12 times 11ndash13 mm claw ca 20 times 10 mm posterior petal orbicular base acute ca 12 times 12 mm claw ca 50 times 15 mm Stamens connate at base heteromorphic those opposite the posterior-lateral petals with thicker filaments others with tapered filaments connectives glandulose anthers glabrous stamen opposite the anterior sepal with filament ca 40 times 05 mm anther ca 10 times 10 mm stamens opposite anterior-lateral petals with filaments ca 30 times 05 mm anthers ca 15 times 10 mm stamens opposite anterior-lateral sepals with filaments ca 50 times 05 mm anthers ca 10 times 15 mm locules reduced unequal stamens opposite posterior-lateral petals with filament 50 times 10 mm anthers 20 times 20 mm stamens opposite the posterior-lateral sepals with filaments ca 30 times 05 mm anthers ca 10 times 075 mm with locules reduced unequal stamen opposite the posterior petal with filament ca 25 times 05 mm anther ca 10 times 10 mm Ovary ca 15 times 15 mm

ALMEIDA amp AMORIM84 bull Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press

globose sericeous styles 45ndash50 times ca 05 mm flattened glabrous bearing reduced apical folioles anterior style straight posterior style lyrate foliole of anterior style ca 30 times 15 mm two-sided umbrella-like foliole of posterior styles ca 25 times 175 mm one-sided stigmas lateral pointing towards the posterior petal Schizocarp splitting into 3 samaroid mericarps dorsal wing 22ndash25 times 08ndash10 cm horizontally orientated densely sericeous hairs deciduous in patches nut ca 50ndash80 times 40ndash60 mm prominent with two lateral ridges densely sericeous hairs deciduous in patches areole 60ndash80 times 50ndash60 mm

FIGURE 1 Stigmaphyllon caatingicola A adaxial leaf surface B detail of inflorescence C detail of flower D samaroid mericarp from S urenifolium (left) and S caatingicola (right scale 1 cm) E detail of stem surface F habitat within SDTF in anthropomorphically modified Caatinga (white arrow shows a tree with S caatingicola climbing) (RFAlmeida 577 holotype)

STIGmAPHyllon CAATInGIColA (MALPIghIACEAE) Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press bull 85

FIGURE 2 Stigmaphyllon caatingicola A detail of the abaxial surface of entire leaves B detail of the adaxial surface of lobed leaves C flowering branches D detail of the inflorescence E detail of a sepal with oil glands F lateral and posterior petals g androecium with stamens connate at base and enlarged (androecium opened at the stamen opposite to the anterior sepal) h detail of the gynoecium I detail of the samaroid mericarp (based on RFAlmeida 577)

Additional specimens examined (paratypes)mdashBRAZIL Bahia Caturama entre Caieiras e Tambori 13˚15rsquo16rsquorsquoS 42˚12rsquo32rsquorsquoW 04 July 2007 fl AA Conceiccedilatildeo et al 2382 (hUEFS) Paramirim Fazenda Curral Velho 13˚23rsquo05rsquorsquoS 42˚18rsquoW 18 April 2001 fl TR Silva 75 Am Giulietti amp C Correia (CEPEC hUEFS) Rio de Contas Estrada para Jussiape perto de um riacho com mata seca 13˚32rsquoS 41˚52rsquoW 07 September 2003 fl fr Rm Harley 54684 amp Am Giulietti (CEPEC hUEFS) Rio de Contas Estrada para Jussiape 26 July 1999 fl Am Giulietti et al 1508 (hUEFS)

ALMEIDA amp AMORIM86 bull Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press

Distribution habitat and phenologymdashThis species is known only from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests within Caatinga vegetation in the southern portion of Chapada Diamantina Bahia State Brazil The region surrounding the municipality of Rio de Contas is a known center of diversity within the Chapada Diamantina and holds large numbers of endemic flowering plants (harley 1995 Rapini et al 2008) Flowering from April to September Fruiting from August to September

FIGURE 3 Map of the distribution of Stigmaphyllon caatingicola (circles) and Stigmaphyllon urenifolium (squares)

Conservation statusmdashThe first collection of Stigmaphyllon caatingicola was recorded two years after the publication of a taxonomic revision of the Neotropical species of Stigmaphyllon by Anderson (1997) This species is represented by only a few records restricted to three municipalities within approximately 90 km of each other all of them with anthropomorphically modified Caatinga vegetation Thus according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (2012) this species should be regarded as Critically Endangered (categories B1a and B1b) due to its range of distribution being less than 100 km2 and continually declining habitat quality EtymologymdashThe specific epithet refers to its restricted distribution within Caatinga vegetation DiscussionmdashStigmaphyllon caatingicola is a distinctive leafless species when flowering a character only known for Stigmaphyllon nudiflorum Diels (1937 101) from Ecuador and few other Malpighiaceae species as Diplopterys lutea (griseb) WRAnderson amp CCDavis (2006 10) and Heteropterys dumetorum (griseb) Nied (1928 336) Its leaves are membranaceous densely tomentose abaxially when young and seem to grow right after fruit maturing Stigmaphyllon caatingicola can be mistakenly misidentified as a Cerrado species Stigmaphyllon urenifolium AJuss (1833 52) which also occurs within State of Bahia and States of Minas gerais and Mato grosso do Sul These species differ from each other mostly on leaf gynoecium and fruit morphology (Table 1)

STIGmAPHyllon CAATInGIColA (MALPIghIACEAE) Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press bull 87

TABLE 1 Comparison of diagnostic morphological characters between S caatingicola and S urenifolium

Characters S caatingicola S urenifolium

Apex of leaves 3-lobed to cordiform 5-lobed

Leaf persistence when flowering Deciduous Persistent

Persistence of leaf indumentum abaxially Deciduous on patches Persistent

Inflorescence type Dichasia disposed on a thyrse Simple dichasia

Indumentum of inflorescence branches Sericeous Tomentose

Color of indumentum of inflorescence branches Whitish Ocher

Indumentum of styles glabrous Pubescent

Apex of styles Foliolate Efoliolate

Indumentum of samaroid mericarps Densely sericeous Tomentose to glabrate

Angle of dorsal wing 20deg 70deg

Acknowledgements

We thank Klei Sousa for the drawings Roy Funch for the English revision and the curator and staff of hUEFS herbarium for support with herbarium collections RFA and AMA were sponsored by FAPESB (DEB BOL05842013) and CNPq (Produtividade em Pesquisa DEB 3069922012-4) respectively Fieldwork was also sponsored by CNPq REFLORA (DEB 5635482010-0)

Literature cited

Anderson CE (1989) Salzmannrsquos collections of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) from Bahia Brazil Systematic Botany 14 506ndash515 httpdxdoiorg1023072418994Anderson CE (1992) Stigmaphyllon bannisterioides the correct name for a well-known species of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae)

Taxon 41 327ndash328 httpdxdoiorg1023071222341Anderson CE (1997) Monograph of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) Systematic Botany monographs 51 1ndash313 httpdxdoiorg10230725027873Anderson CE (2011) Revision of Ryssopterys and transfer to Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) Blumea 56 73ndash104 httpdxdoiorg103767000651911x573444Anderson WR amp Davis CC (2006) Expansion of Diplopterys at the expense of Banisteriopsis (Malpighiaceae) Harvard Papers in

Botany 11 1ndash16 httpdxdoiorg1031001043-4534(2006)95[1eodate]20co2Davis CC amp Anderson WR (2010) A complete generic phylogeny of Malpighiaceae inferred from nucleotide sequence data and

morphology American Journal of Botany 97(12) 2031ndash2048 httpdxdoiorg103732ajb1000146Diels FLE (1937) Bibliotheca Botanica 29 (116) 101 Environmental Systems Research Institute-ESRI (2010) ArcgIS version 931 Environmental Systems Research Institute United States

of Americaharley RM (1995) Introduction In Stannard BL (Ed) Flora of the Pico das Almas Chapada Diamantina Bahia Brasil Royal

Botanic gardens Kew IUCN (2012) IUCn Red list Categories and Criteria Version 31 Second edition gland Switzerland and Cambridge UK IUCN

Available at wwwiucnredlistorgtechnical-documentscategories-and-criteria (Accessed 20 February 2014)Jussieu A de (1833) Malpighiaceae In Saint-Hilaire A (Ed) Flora Brasiliae meridionalis vol 3 5ndash86 httpdxdoiorg105962bhltitle45474Leal IR Silva JMC Tabarelli M amp Lacher Jr TE (2005) Changing the course of biodiversity conservation in the Caatinga of

STIGmAPHyllon CAATInGIColA (MALPIghIACEAE) Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press bull 83

In spite of its high endemism in many different groups Caatinga is poorly diverse in Stigmaphyllon species ndash with just three species commonly being found S auriculatum (Cav) AJuss (1833 48) S cavernulosum CEAnderson (1989 513) and S paralias AJuss (1833 59) None of these species are restricted to this vegetation type however being also found within the Atlantic Forest Domain S paralias also occurs in Cerrado vegetation (Anderson 1997 Mamede et al 2014) During fieldwork in Caatinga vegetation in Bahia State we were surprised by finding a new leafless species of Stigmaphyllon

Material and Methods

Field and herbarium collections from the most representative herbaria in Brazil (ALCB BhCB CEN CEPEC hRB hUEFS INPA IPA MBM R RB SP SPF UB UFg and UFMS) were analyzed (acronyms according to Thiers 2014) All collections and type specimens (or images of them) were examined using a stereomicroscope and the specialized literature on the family was consulted Maps were elaborated using Arcgis software (ESRI 2010) and geographical coordinates were obtained from Anderson (1997) and from herbarium specimens

Taxonomy

Stigmaphyllon caatingicola RFAlmeida amp Amorim sp nov (Figs 1 2 3)

TypemdashBRAZIL Bahia Rio de Contas Distrito de Arapiranga Estrada para povoado Casa da Telha 13˚34rsquo24rdquoS 41˚43rsquo13rdquoW 23 July 2013 fl RF Almeida 577 m Alves l moura amp E Chagas (holotype hUEFS isotypes CEPEC MICh P RB SP)

This species is morphologically similar to Stigmaphyllon urenifolium but it is distinguished by showing deciduous leaves when flowering lamina membranaceous entire to apically trilobed abaxially tomentose with hairs deciduous in patches sepals with darkish hairs one latero-anterior petal with reddish macula styles glabrous posterior styles ca 45ndash50 mm stigma foliolate samaroid mericarps densely sericeous with dorsal wing horizontally orientated

Liana branches longitudinally rugose with a corky bark prominent lenticels glabrous stipules ca 2 mm long triangular glabrous deciduous when mature borne on a prominent ridge at base of leaves Leaves opposite to subopposite deciduous when flowering Laminas 33ndash55 times 43ndash75 cm cordiform to apically lobed membranaceous dark grey on both sides when dry apex of lobes obtuse to mucronate with filiform glands margin with sessile glands sparse base lobed adaxial surface sparsely tomentose when young soon glabrate abaxial surface densely tomentose hairs whitish twisted deciduous in patches actinodromous venation veins prominent abaxially petioles 13ndash28 cm canaliculated densely sericeous hairs whitish scamiform apex with pair of discoid glands abaxially enlarged at base Inflorescence in umbels 9ndash12 flowered disposed on a thyrse of dichasia each dichasia subtended by a pair of soon deciduous reduced leaves 45ndash5 mm long sessile with a pair of conspicuous glands at base apex with filiform glands densely tomentose with scamiform hairs inflorescence axis 30ndash85 cm long striated densely sericeous with whitish hairs deciduous in patches when mature peduncles 5ndash10 mm long sericeous hairs darkish pedicels 6ndash10 mm long sericeous hairs darkish bracts 20ndash25 times ca 15 mm ovate sericeous abaxially bracteoles 15ndash20 times 10ndash15 mm ovate sericeous abaxially Floral bud reddish sepals ca 30 times 40 mm ovate sericeous hairs darkish apex rounded elaiophores 10 whitish to light yellow ca 15 times 20 mm oblong petals yellow one latero-anterior petal with reddish macula margin fimbriate fimbrie up to 05 mm long latero-anterior petals orbicular base obtuse 10ndash11 times ca 15 mm claw ca 30 times 10 mm latero-posterior petals orbicular base truncate 10ndash12 times 11ndash13 mm claw ca 20 times 10 mm posterior petal orbicular base acute ca 12 times 12 mm claw ca 50 times 15 mm Stamens connate at base heteromorphic those opposite the posterior-lateral petals with thicker filaments others with tapered filaments connectives glandulose anthers glabrous stamen opposite the anterior sepal with filament ca 40 times 05 mm anther ca 10 times 10 mm stamens opposite anterior-lateral petals with filaments ca 30 times 05 mm anthers ca 15 times 10 mm stamens opposite anterior-lateral sepals with filaments ca 50 times 05 mm anthers ca 10 times 15 mm locules reduced unequal stamens opposite posterior-lateral petals with filament 50 times 10 mm anthers 20 times 20 mm stamens opposite the posterior-lateral sepals with filaments ca 30 times 05 mm anthers ca 10 times 075 mm with locules reduced unequal stamen opposite the posterior petal with filament ca 25 times 05 mm anther ca 10 times 10 mm Ovary ca 15 times 15 mm

ALMEIDA amp AMORIM84 bull Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press

globose sericeous styles 45ndash50 times ca 05 mm flattened glabrous bearing reduced apical folioles anterior style straight posterior style lyrate foliole of anterior style ca 30 times 15 mm two-sided umbrella-like foliole of posterior styles ca 25 times 175 mm one-sided stigmas lateral pointing towards the posterior petal Schizocarp splitting into 3 samaroid mericarps dorsal wing 22ndash25 times 08ndash10 cm horizontally orientated densely sericeous hairs deciduous in patches nut ca 50ndash80 times 40ndash60 mm prominent with two lateral ridges densely sericeous hairs deciduous in patches areole 60ndash80 times 50ndash60 mm

FIGURE 1 Stigmaphyllon caatingicola A adaxial leaf surface B detail of inflorescence C detail of flower D samaroid mericarp from S urenifolium (left) and S caatingicola (right scale 1 cm) E detail of stem surface F habitat within SDTF in anthropomorphically modified Caatinga (white arrow shows a tree with S caatingicola climbing) (RFAlmeida 577 holotype)

STIGmAPHyllon CAATInGIColA (MALPIghIACEAE) Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press bull 85

FIGURE 2 Stigmaphyllon caatingicola A detail of the abaxial surface of entire leaves B detail of the adaxial surface of lobed leaves C flowering branches D detail of the inflorescence E detail of a sepal with oil glands F lateral and posterior petals g androecium with stamens connate at base and enlarged (androecium opened at the stamen opposite to the anterior sepal) h detail of the gynoecium I detail of the samaroid mericarp (based on RFAlmeida 577)

Additional specimens examined (paratypes)mdashBRAZIL Bahia Caturama entre Caieiras e Tambori 13˚15rsquo16rsquorsquoS 42˚12rsquo32rsquorsquoW 04 July 2007 fl AA Conceiccedilatildeo et al 2382 (hUEFS) Paramirim Fazenda Curral Velho 13˚23rsquo05rsquorsquoS 42˚18rsquoW 18 April 2001 fl TR Silva 75 Am Giulietti amp C Correia (CEPEC hUEFS) Rio de Contas Estrada para Jussiape perto de um riacho com mata seca 13˚32rsquoS 41˚52rsquoW 07 September 2003 fl fr Rm Harley 54684 amp Am Giulietti (CEPEC hUEFS) Rio de Contas Estrada para Jussiape 26 July 1999 fl Am Giulietti et al 1508 (hUEFS)

ALMEIDA amp AMORIM86 bull Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press

Distribution habitat and phenologymdashThis species is known only from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests within Caatinga vegetation in the southern portion of Chapada Diamantina Bahia State Brazil The region surrounding the municipality of Rio de Contas is a known center of diversity within the Chapada Diamantina and holds large numbers of endemic flowering plants (harley 1995 Rapini et al 2008) Flowering from April to September Fruiting from August to September

FIGURE 3 Map of the distribution of Stigmaphyllon caatingicola (circles) and Stigmaphyllon urenifolium (squares)

Conservation statusmdashThe first collection of Stigmaphyllon caatingicola was recorded two years after the publication of a taxonomic revision of the Neotropical species of Stigmaphyllon by Anderson (1997) This species is represented by only a few records restricted to three municipalities within approximately 90 km of each other all of them with anthropomorphically modified Caatinga vegetation Thus according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (2012) this species should be regarded as Critically Endangered (categories B1a and B1b) due to its range of distribution being less than 100 km2 and continually declining habitat quality EtymologymdashThe specific epithet refers to its restricted distribution within Caatinga vegetation DiscussionmdashStigmaphyllon caatingicola is a distinctive leafless species when flowering a character only known for Stigmaphyllon nudiflorum Diels (1937 101) from Ecuador and few other Malpighiaceae species as Diplopterys lutea (griseb) WRAnderson amp CCDavis (2006 10) and Heteropterys dumetorum (griseb) Nied (1928 336) Its leaves are membranaceous densely tomentose abaxially when young and seem to grow right after fruit maturing Stigmaphyllon caatingicola can be mistakenly misidentified as a Cerrado species Stigmaphyllon urenifolium AJuss (1833 52) which also occurs within State of Bahia and States of Minas gerais and Mato grosso do Sul These species differ from each other mostly on leaf gynoecium and fruit morphology (Table 1)

STIGmAPHyllon CAATInGIColA (MALPIghIACEAE) Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press bull 87

TABLE 1 Comparison of diagnostic morphological characters between S caatingicola and S urenifolium

Characters S caatingicola S urenifolium

Apex of leaves 3-lobed to cordiform 5-lobed

Leaf persistence when flowering Deciduous Persistent

Persistence of leaf indumentum abaxially Deciduous on patches Persistent

Inflorescence type Dichasia disposed on a thyrse Simple dichasia

Indumentum of inflorescence branches Sericeous Tomentose

Color of indumentum of inflorescence branches Whitish Ocher

Indumentum of styles glabrous Pubescent

Apex of styles Foliolate Efoliolate

Indumentum of samaroid mericarps Densely sericeous Tomentose to glabrate

Angle of dorsal wing 20deg 70deg

Acknowledgements

We thank Klei Sousa for the drawings Roy Funch for the English revision and the curator and staff of hUEFS herbarium for support with herbarium collections RFA and AMA were sponsored by FAPESB (DEB BOL05842013) and CNPq (Produtividade em Pesquisa DEB 3069922012-4) respectively Fieldwork was also sponsored by CNPq REFLORA (DEB 5635482010-0)

Literature cited

Anderson CE (1989) Salzmannrsquos collections of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) from Bahia Brazil Systematic Botany 14 506ndash515 httpdxdoiorg1023072418994Anderson CE (1992) Stigmaphyllon bannisterioides the correct name for a well-known species of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae)

Taxon 41 327ndash328 httpdxdoiorg1023071222341Anderson CE (1997) Monograph of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) Systematic Botany monographs 51 1ndash313 httpdxdoiorg10230725027873Anderson CE (2011) Revision of Ryssopterys and transfer to Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) Blumea 56 73ndash104 httpdxdoiorg103767000651911x573444Anderson WR amp Davis CC (2006) Expansion of Diplopterys at the expense of Banisteriopsis (Malpighiaceae) Harvard Papers in

Botany 11 1ndash16 httpdxdoiorg1031001043-4534(2006)95[1eodate]20co2Davis CC amp Anderson WR (2010) A complete generic phylogeny of Malpighiaceae inferred from nucleotide sequence data and

morphology American Journal of Botany 97(12) 2031ndash2048 httpdxdoiorg103732ajb1000146Diels FLE (1937) Bibliotheca Botanica 29 (116) 101 Environmental Systems Research Institute-ESRI (2010) ArcgIS version 931 Environmental Systems Research Institute United States

of Americaharley RM (1995) Introduction In Stannard BL (Ed) Flora of the Pico das Almas Chapada Diamantina Bahia Brasil Royal

Botanic gardens Kew IUCN (2012) IUCn Red list Categories and Criteria Version 31 Second edition gland Switzerland and Cambridge UK IUCN

Available at wwwiucnredlistorgtechnical-documentscategories-and-criteria (Accessed 20 February 2014)Jussieu A de (1833) Malpighiaceae In Saint-Hilaire A (Ed) Flora Brasiliae meridionalis vol 3 5ndash86 httpdxdoiorg105962bhltitle45474Leal IR Silva JMC Tabarelli M amp Lacher Jr TE (2005) Changing the course of biodiversity conservation in the Caatinga of

ALMEIDA amp AMORIM84 bull Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press

globose sericeous styles 45ndash50 times ca 05 mm flattened glabrous bearing reduced apical folioles anterior style straight posterior style lyrate foliole of anterior style ca 30 times 15 mm two-sided umbrella-like foliole of posterior styles ca 25 times 175 mm one-sided stigmas lateral pointing towards the posterior petal Schizocarp splitting into 3 samaroid mericarps dorsal wing 22ndash25 times 08ndash10 cm horizontally orientated densely sericeous hairs deciduous in patches nut ca 50ndash80 times 40ndash60 mm prominent with two lateral ridges densely sericeous hairs deciduous in patches areole 60ndash80 times 50ndash60 mm

FIGURE 1 Stigmaphyllon caatingicola A adaxial leaf surface B detail of inflorescence C detail of flower D samaroid mericarp from S urenifolium (left) and S caatingicola (right scale 1 cm) E detail of stem surface F habitat within SDTF in anthropomorphically modified Caatinga (white arrow shows a tree with S caatingicola climbing) (RFAlmeida 577 holotype)

STIGmAPHyllon CAATInGIColA (MALPIghIACEAE) Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press bull 85

FIGURE 2 Stigmaphyllon caatingicola A detail of the abaxial surface of entire leaves B detail of the adaxial surface of lobed leaves C flowering branches D detail of the inflorescence E detail of a sepal with oil glands F lateral and posterior petals g androecium with stamens connate at base and enlarged (androecium opened at the stamen opposite to the anterior sepal) h detail of the gynoecium I detail of the samaroid mericarp (based on RFAlmeida 577)

Additional specimens examined (paratypes)mdashBRAZIL Bahia Caturama entre Caieiras e Tambori 13˚15rsquo16rsquorsquoS 42˚12rsquo32rsquorsquoW 04 July 2007 fl AA Conceiccedilatildeo et al 2382 (hUEFS) Paramirim Fazenda Curral Velho 13˚23rsquo05rsquorsquoS 42˚18rsquoW 18 April 2001 fl TR Silva 75 Am Giulietti amp C Correia (CEPEC hUEFS) Rio de Contas Estrada para Jussiape perto de um riacho com mata seca 13˚32rsquoS 41˚52rsquoW 07 September 2003 fl fr Rm Harley 54684 amp Am Giulietti (CEPEC hUEFS) Rio de Contas Estrada para Jussiape 26 July 1999 fl Am Giulietti et al 1508 (hUEFS)

ALMEIDA amp AMORIM86 bull Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press

Distribution habitat and phenologymdashThis species is known only from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests within Caatinga vegetation in the southern portion of Chapada Diamantina Bahia State Brazil The region surrounding the municipality of Rio de Contas is a known center of diversity within the Chapada Diamantina and holds large numbers of endemic flowering plants (harley 1995 Rapini et al 2008) Flowering from April to September Fruiting from August to September

FIGURE 3 Map of the distribution of Stigmaphyllon caatingicola (circles) and Stigmaphyllon urenifolium (squares)

Conservation statusmdashThe first collection of Stigmaphyllon caatingicola was recorded two years after the publication of a taxonomic revision of the Neotropical species of Stigmaphyllon by Anderson (1997) This species is represented by only a few records restricted to three municipalities within approximately 90 km of each other all of them with anthropomorphically modified Caatinga vegetation Thus according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (2012) this species should be regarded as Critically Endangered (categories B1a and B1b) due to its range of distribution being less than 100 km2 and continually declining habitat quality EtymologymdashThe specific epithet refers to its restricted distribution within Caatinga vegetation DiscussionmdashStigmaphyllon caatingicola is a distinctive leafless species when flowering a character only known for Stigmaphyllon nudiflorum Diels (1937 101) from Ecuador and few other Malpighiaceae species as Diplopterys lutea (griseb) WRAnderson amp CCDavis (2006 10) and Heteropterys dumetorum (griseb) Nied (1928 336) Its leaves are membranaceous densely tomentose abaxially when young and seem to grow right after fruit maturing Stigmaphyllon caatingicola can be mistakenly misidentified as a Cerrado species Stigmaphyllon urenifolium AJuss (1833 52) which also occurs within State of Bahia and States of Minas gerais and Mato grosso do Sul These species differ from each other mostly on leaf gynoecium and fruit morphology (Table 1)

STIGmAPHyllon CAATInGIColA (MALPIghIACEAE) Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press bull 87

TABLE 1 Comparison of diagnostic morphological characters between S caatingicola and S urenifolium

Characters S caatingicola S urenifolium

Apex of leaves 3-lobed to cordiform 5-lobed

Leaf persistence when flowering Deciduous Persistent

Persistence of leaf indumentum abaxially Deciduous on patches Persistent

Inflorescence type Dichasia disposed on a thyrse Simple dichasia

Indumentum of inflorescence branches Sericeous Tomentose

Color of indumentum of inflorescence branches Whitish Ocher

Indumentum of styles glabrous Pubescent

Apex of styles Foliolate Efoliolate

Indumentum of samaroid mericarps Densely sericeous Tomentose to glabrate

Angle of dorsal wing 20deg 70deg

Acknowledgements

We thank Klei Sousa for the drawings Roy Funch for the English revision and the curator and staff of hUEFS herbarium for support with herbarium collections RFA and AMA were sponsored by FAPESB (DEB BOL05842013) and CNPq (Produtividade em Pesquisa DEB 3069922012-4) respectively Fieldwork was also sponsored by CNPq REFLORA (DEB 5635482010-0)

Literature cited

Anderson CE (1989) Salzmannrsquos collections of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) from Bahia Brazil Systematic Botany 14 506ndash515 httpdxdoiorg1023072418994Anderson CE (1992) Stigmaphyllon bannisterioides the correct name for a well-known species of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae)

Taxon 41 327ndash328 httpdxdoiorg1023071222341Anderson CE (1997) Monograph of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) Systematic Botany monographs 51 1ndash313 httpdxdoiorg10230725027873Anderson CE (2011) Revision of Ryssopterys and transfer to Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) Blumea 56 73ndash104 httpdxdoiorg103767000651911x573444Anderson WR amp Davis CC (2006) Expansion of Diplopterys at the expense of Banisteriopsis (Malpighiaceae) Harvard Papers in

Botany 11 1ndash16 httpdxdoiorg1031001043-4534(2006)95[1eodate]20co2Davis CC amp Anderson WR (2010) A complete generic phylogeny of Malpighiaceae inferred from nucleotide sequence data and

morphology American Journal of Botany 97(12) 2031ndash2048 httpdxdoiorg103732ajb1000146Diels FLE (1937) Bibliotheca Botanica 29 (116) 101 Environmental Systems Research Institute-ESRI (2010) ArcgIS version 931 Environmental Systems Research Institute United States

of Americaharley RM (1995) Introduction In Stannard BL (Ed) Flora of the Pico das Almas Chapada Diamantina Bahia Brasil Royal

Botanic gardens Kew IUCN (2012) IUCn Red list Categories and Criteria Version 31 Second edition gland Switzerland and Cambridge UK IUCN

Available at wwwiucnredlistorgtechnical-documentscategories-and-criteria (Accessed 20 February 2014)Jussieu A de (1833) Malpighiaceae In Saint-Hilaire A (Ed) Flora Brasiliae meridionalis vol 3 5ndash86 httpdxdoiorg105962bhltitle45474Leal IR Silva JMC Tabarelli M amp Lacher Jr TE (2005) Changing the course of biodiversity conservation in the Caatinga of

STIGmAPHyllon CAATInGIColA (MALPIghIACEAE) Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press bull 85

FIGURE 2 Stigmaphyllon caatingicola A detail of the abaxial surface of entire leaves B detail of the adaxial surface of lobed leaves C flowering branches D detail of the inflorescence E detail of a sepal with oil glands F lateral and posterior petals g androecium with stamens connate at base and enlarged (androecium opened at the stamen opposite to the anterior sepal) h detail of the gynoecium I detail of the samaroid mericarp (based on RFAlmeida 577)

Additional specimens examined (paratypes)mdashBRAZIL Bahia Caturama entre Caieiras e Tambori 13˚15rsquo16rsquorsquoS 42˚12rsquo32rsquorsquoW 04 July 2007 fl AA Conceiccedilatildeo et al 2382 (hUEFS) Paramirim Fazenda Curral Velho 13˚23rsquo05rsquorsquoS 42˚18rsquoW 18 April 2001 fl TR Silva 75 Am Giulietti amp C Correia (CEPEC hUEFS) Rio de Contas Estrada para Jussiape perto de um riacho com mata seca 13˚32rsquoS 41˚52rsquoW 07 September 2003 fl fr Rm Harley 54684 amp Am Giulietti (CEPEC hUEFS) Rio de Contas Estrada para Jussiape 26 July 1999 fl Am Giulietti et al 1508 (hUEFS)

ALMEIDA amp AMORIM86 bull Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press

Distribution habitat and phenologymdashThis species is known only from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests within Caatinga vegetation in the southern portion of Chapada Diamantina Bahia State Brazil The region surrounding the municipality of Rio de Contas is a known center of diversity within the Chapada Diamantina and holds large numbers of endemic flowering plants (harley 1995 Rapini et al 2008) Flowering from April to September Fruiting from August to September

FIGURE 3 Map of the distribution of Stigmaphyllon caatingicola (circles) and Stigmaphyllon urenifolium (squares)

Conservation statusmdashThe first collection of Stigmaphyllon caatingicola was recorded two years after the publication of a taxonomic revision of the Neotropical species of Stigmaphyllon by Anderson (1997) This species is represented by only a few records restricted to three municipalities within approximately 90 km of each other all of them with anthropomorphically modified Caatinga vegetation Thus according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (2012) this species should be regarded as Critically Endangered (categories B1a and B1b) due to its range of distribution being less than 100 km2 and continually declining habitat quality EtymologymdashThe specific epithet refers to its restricted distribution within Caatinga vegetation DiscussionmdashStigmaphyllon caatingicola is a distinctive leafless species when flowering a character only known for Stigmaphyllon nudiflorum Diels (1937 101) from Ecuador and few other Malpighiaceae species as Diplopterys lutea (griseb) WRAnderson amp CCDavis (2006 10) and Heteropterys dumetorum (griseb) Nied (1928 336) Its leaves are membranaceous densely tomentose abaxially when young and seem to grow right after fruit maturing Stigmaphyllon caatingicola can be mistakenly misidentified as a Cerrado species Stigmaphyllon urenifolium AJuss (1833 52) which also occurs within State of Bahia and States of Minas gerais and Mato grosso do Sul These species differ from each other mostly on leaf gynoecium and fruit morphology (Table 1)

STIGmAPHyllon CAATInGIColA (MALPIghIACEAE) Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press bull 87

TABLE 1 Comparison of diagnostic morphological characters between S caatingicola and S urenifolium

Characters S caatingicola S urenifolium

Apex of leaves 3-lobed to cordiform 5-lobed

Leaf persistence when flowering Deciduous Persistent

Persistence of leaf indumentum abaxially Deciduous on patches Persistent

Inflorescence type Dichasia disposed on a thyrse Simple dichasia

Indumentum of inflorescence branches Sericeous Tomentose

Color of indumentum of inflorescence branches Whitish Ocher

Indumentum of styles glabrous Pubescent

Apex of styles Foliolate Efoliolate

Indumentum of samaroid mericarps Densely sericeous Tomentose to glabrate

Angle of dorsal wing 20deg 70deg

Acknowledgements

We thank Klei Sousa for the drawings Roy Funch for the English revision and the curator and staff of hUEFS herbarium for support with herbarium collections RFA and AMA were sponsored by FAPESB (DEB BOL05842013) and CNPq (Produtividade em Pesquisa DEB 3069922012-4) respectively Fieldwork was also sponsored by CNPq REFLORA (DEB 5635482010-0)

Literature cited

Anderson CE (1989) Salzmannrsquos collections of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) from Bahia Brazil Systematic Botany 14 506ndash515 httpdxdoiorg1023072418994Anderson CE (1992) Stigmaphyllon bannisterioides the correct name for a well-known species of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae)

Taxon 41 327ndash328 httpdxdoiorg1023071222341Anderson CE (1997) Monograph of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) Systematic Botany monographs 51 1ndash313 httpdxdoiorg10230725027873Anderson CE (2011) Revision of Ryssopterys and transfer to Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) Blumea 56 73ndash104 httpdxdoiorg103767000651911x573444Anderson WR amp Davis CC (2006) Expansion of Diplopterys at the expense of Banisteriopsis (Malpighiaceae) Harvard Papers in

Botany 11 1ndash16 httpdxdoiorg1031001043-4534(2006)95[1eodate]20co2Davis CC amp Anderson WR (2010) A complete generic phylogeny of Malpighiaceae inferred from nucleotide sequence data and

morphology American Journal of Botany 97(12) 2031ndash2048 httpdxdoiorg103732ajb1000146Diels FLE (1937) Bibliotheca Botanica 29 (116) 101 Environmental Systems Research Institute-ESRI (2010) ArcgIS version 931 Environmental Systems Research Institute United States

of Americaharley RM (1995) Introduction In Stannard BL (Ed) Flora of the Pico das Almas Chapada Diamantina Bahia Brasil Royal

Botanic gardens Kew IUCN (2012) IUCn Red list Categories and Criteria Version 31 Second edition gland Switzerland and Cambridge UK IUCN

Available at wwwiucnredlistorgtechnical-documentscategories-and-criteria (Accessed 20 February 2014)Jussieu A de (1833) Malpighiaceae In Saint-Hilaire A (Ed) Flora Brasiliae meridionalis vol 3 5ndash86 httpdxdoiorg105962bhltitle45474Leal IR Silva JMC Tabarelli M amp Lacher Jr TE (2005) Changing the course of biodiversity conservation in the Caatinga of

ALMEIDA amp AMORIM86 bull Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press

Distribution habitat and phenologymdashThis species is known only from Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests within Caatinga vegetation in the southern portion of Chapada Diamantina Bahia State Brazil The region surrounding the municipality of Rio de Contas is a known center of diversity within the Chapada Diamantina and holds large numbers of endemic flowering plants (harley 1995 Rapini et al 2008) Flowering from April to September Fruiting from August to September

FIGURE 3 Map of the distribution of Stigmaphyllon caatingicola (circles) and Stigmaphyllon urenifolium (squares)

Conservation statusmdashThe first collection of Stigmaphyllon caatingicola was recorded two years after the publication of a taxonomic revision of the Neotropical species of Stigmaphyllon by Anderson (1997) This species is represented by only a few records restricted to three municipalities within approximately 90 km of each other all of them with anthropomorphically modified Caatinga vegetation Thus according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (2012) this species should be regarded as Critically Endangered (categories B1a and B1b) due to its range of distribution being less than 100 km2 and continually declining habitat quality EtymologymdashThe specific epithet refers to its restricted distribution within Caatinga vegetation DiscussionmdashStigmaphyllon caatingicola is a distinctive leafless species when flowering a character only known for Stigmaphyllon nudiflorum Diels (1937 101) from Ecuador and few other Malpighiaceae species as Diplopterys lutea (griseb) WRAnderson amp CCDavis (2006 10) and Heteropterys dumetorum (griseb) Nied (1928 336) Its leaves are membranaceous densely tomentose abaxially when young and seem to grow right after fruit maturing Stigmaphyllon caatingicola can be mistakenly misidentified as a Cerrado species Stigmaphyllon urenifolium AJuss (1833 52) which also occurs within State of Bahia and States of Minas gerais and Mato grosso do Sul These species differ from each other mostly on leaf gynoecium and fruit morphology (Table 1)

STIGmAPHyllon CAATInGIColA (MALPIghIACEAE) Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press bull 87

TABLE 1 Comparison of diagnostic morphological characters between S caatingicola and S urenifolium

Characters S caatingicola S urenifolium

Apex of leaves 3-lobed to cordiform 5-lobed

Leaf persistence when flowering Deciduous Persistent

Persistence of leaf indumentum abaxially Deciduous on patches Persistent

Inflorescence type Dichasia disposed on a thyrse Simple dichasia

Indumentum of inflorescence branches Sericeous Tomentose

Color of indumentum of inflorescence branches Whitish Ocher

Indumentum of styles glabrous Pubescent

Apex of styles Foliolate Efoliolate

Indumentum of samaroid mericarps Densely sericeous Tomentose to glabrate

Angle of dorsal wing 20deg 70deg

Acknowledgements

We thank Klei Sousa for the drawings Roy Funch for the English revision and the curator and staff of hUEFS herbarium for support with herbarium collections RFA and AMA were sponsored by FAPESB (DEB BOL05842013) and CNPq (Produtividade em Pesquisa DEB 3069922012-4) respectively Fieldwork was also sponsored by CNPq REFLORA (DEB 5635482010-0)

Literature cited

Anderson CE (1989) Salzmannrsquos collections of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) from Bahia Brazil Systematic Botany 14 506ndash515 httpdxdoiorg1023072418994Anderson CE (1992) Stigmaphyllon bannisterioides the correct name for a well-known species of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae)

Taxon 41 327ndash328 httpdxdoiorg1023071222341Anderson CE (1997) Monograph of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) Systematic Botany monographs 51 1ndash313 httpdxdoiorg10230725027873Anderson CE (2011) Revision of Ryssopterys and transfer to Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) Blumea 56 73ndash104 httpdxdoiorg103767000651911x573444Anderson WR amp Davis CC (2006) Expansion of Diplopterys at the expense of Banisteriopsis (Malpighiaceae) Harvard Papers in

Botany 11 1ndash16 httpdxdoiorg1031001043-4534(2006)95[1eodate]20co2Davis CC amp Anderson WR (2010) A complete generic phylogeny of Malpighiaceae inferred from nucleotide sequence data and

morphology American Journal of Botany 97(12) 2031ndash2048 httpdxdoiorg103732ajb1000146Diels FLE (1937) Bibliotheca Botanica 29 (116) 101 Environmental Systems Research Institute-ESRI (2010) ArcgIS version 931 Environmental Systems Research Institute United States

of Americaharley RM (1995) Introduction In Stannard BL (Ed) Flora of the Pico das Almas Chapada Diamantina Bahia Brasil Royal

Botanic gardens Kew IUCN (2012) IUCn Red list Categories and Criteria Version 31 Second edition gland Switzerland and Cambridge UK IUCN

Available at wwwiucnredlistorgtechnical-documentscategories-and-criteria (Accessed 20 February 2014)Jussieu A de (1833) Malpighiaceae In Saint-Hilaire A (Ed) Flora Brasiliae meridionalis vol 3 5ndash86 httpdxdoiorg105962bhltitle45474Leal IR Silva JMC Tabarelli M amp Lacher Jr TE (2005) Changing the course of biodiversity conservation in the Caatinga of

STIGmAPHyllon CAATInGIColA (MALPIghIACEAE) Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press bull 87

TABLE 1 Comparison of diagnostic morphological characters between S caatingicola and S urenifolium

Characters S caatingicola S urenifolium

Apex of leaves 3-lobed to cordiform 5-lobed

Leaf persistence when flowering Deciduous Persistent

Persistence of leaf indumentum abaxially Deciduous on patches Persistent

Inflorescence type Dichasia disposed on a thyrse Simple dichasia

Indumentum of inflorescence branches Sericeous Tomentose

Color of indumentum of inflorescence branches Whitish Ocher

Indumentum of styles glabrous Pubescent

Apex of styles Foliolate Efoliolate

Indumentum of samaroid mericarps Densely sericeous Tomentose to glabrate

Angle of dorsal wing 20deg 70deg

Acknowledgements

We thank Klei Sousa for the drawings Roy Funch for the English revision and the curator and staff of hUEFS herbarium for support with herbarium collections RFA and AMA were sponsored by FAPESB (DEB BOL05842013) and CNPq (Produtividade em Pesquisa DEB 3069922012-4) respectively Fieldwork was also sponsored by CNPq REFLORA (DEB 5635482010-0)

Literature cited

Anderson CE (1989) Salzmannrsquos collections of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) from Bahia Brazil Systematic Botany 14 506ndash515 httpdxdoiorg1023072418994Anderson CE (1992) Stigmaphyllon bannisterioides the correct name for a well-known species of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae)

Taxon 41 327ndash328 httpdxdoiorg1023071222341Anderson CE (1997) Monograph of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) Systematic Botany monographs 51 1ndash313 httpdxdoiorg10230725027873Anderson CE (2011) Revision of Ryssopterys and transfer to Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae) Blumea 56 73ndash104 httpdxdoiorg103767000651911x573444Anderson WR amp Davis CC (2006) Expansion of Diplopterys at the expense of Banisteriopsis (Malpighiaceae) Harvard Papers in

Botany 11 1ndash16 httpdxdoiorg1031001043-4534(2006)95[1eodate]20co2Davis CC amp Anderson WR (2010) A complete generic phylogeny of Malpighiaceae inferred from nucleotide sequence data and

morphology American Journal of Botany 97(12) 2031ndash2048 httpdxdoiorg103732ajb1000146Diels FLE (1937) Bibliotheca Botanica 29 (116) 101 Environmental Systems Research Institute-ESRI (2010) ArcgIS version 931 Environmental Systems Research Institute United States

of Americaharley RM (1995) Introduction In Stannard BL (Ed) Flora of the Pico das Almas Chapada Diamantina Bahia Brasil Royal

Botanic gardens Kew IUCN (2012) IUCn Red list Categories and Criteria Version 31 Second edition gland Switzerland and Cambridge UK IUCN

Available at wwwiucnredlistorgtechnical-documentscategories-and-criteria (Accessed 20 February 2014)Jussieu A de (1833) Malpighiaceae In Saint-Hilaire A (Ed) Flora Brasiliae meridionalis vol 3 5ndash86 httpdxdoiorg105962bhltitle45474Leal IR Silva JMC Tabarelli M amp Lacher Jr TE (2005) Changing the course of biodiversity conservation in the Caatinga of

ALMEIDA amp AMORIM88 bull Phytotaxa 174 (2) copy 2014 Magnolia Press

Northeastern Brazil Conservation Biology 19(3) 701ndash706 httpdxdoiorg101111j1523-1739200500703xMamede MCh Amorim AMA amp Sebastiani R (2014) malpighiaceae In Forzza RC Baumgratz JFA Bicudo CEM

Carvalho Jr AA Costa A Costa DP hopkins M Leitman PM Lohmann Lg Maia LC Martinelli g Menezes M Morim MP Coelho MAN Peixoto AL Pirani JR Prado J Queiroz LP Souza VC Stehmann JR Sylvestre LS Walter BMT amp Zappi D (Eds) lista de Espeacutecies da Flora do Brasil Jardim Botacircnico do Rio de Janeiro Available at httpfloradobrasiljbrjgovbr (Accessed 20 February 2014)

Moro MF Lughadha EN Filer DL Arauacutejo FS amp Martins FR (2014) A catalogue of the vascular plants of the Caatinga Phytogeographical Domain a synthesis of the floristic and phytosociological surveys Phytotaxa 160 1ndash118

httpdxdoiorg1011646phytotaxa16011Niedenzu F (1928) Malpighiaceae In Engler A (Ed) Das Pflanzenreich IV 141 W Engelmann Leipzig pp1ndash870Rapini A Ribeiro PL Lambert S amp Pirani JR (2008) A flora dos campos rupestres da Cadeia do Espinhaco megadiversidade

416ndash24 Santos RM Oliveira-Filho AT Eisenlohr PV Queiroz LP Cardoso DBOS amp Rodal MJN (2012) Identity and relationships

of the Arboreal Caatinga among other floristic units of seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) of north-eastern and Central Brazil Ecology and Evolution 2 (2) 409ndash428

httpdxdoiorg101002ece391Thiers B (2014) (and continuously updated) Index Herbariorum A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff New York

Botanical Gardenrsquos Virtual Herbarium Available at httpsweetgumnybgorgih (Accessed 23 May 2014)