PHYTORID system for treatment of domestic wastewater (Sewage)

Petrichor Emerging Technologies

India Pvt Ltd

CSIR-National Environmental

Engineering Research Institute

Nagpur,India

rakendramishra@hydrocreatives.com

himanshu@ hydrocreatives.com

Ph# +91-9818003337

Ph# +91-9999787562

November 25, 2014

At Center of India: Nagpur

Methods, Issues, solutions

Advanced

(Membrane etc.)

Conventional

STP

Domestic

Sewage

Septic Tanks

Soakpits

Energy/

Consumables

Possible

GWR/ reuse

Wastewater

Stabilization

Ponds

Constructed

wetlands

(Phytorid)

Energy/

Consumables

RT/ Area

Septic Tanks

reuse/disposal

to water bodies

Reuse/

Recycle

Disposal to

water bodies

Size

specific

High Energy

Minimum Energy

Energy Minimization though Decentralized treatment

• Improve reachability, reduce the need for

sewage transportation system

• Allowing use of the treated water in-situ

• Minimizing pumping, transportation, thus

energy efficient

• Treatment where it is needed

Challenges in conventional treatment

Conventional Treatment

Remove: TSS

Treats: Bio-oxidation

NO N, P removal

mechanism

Eutrophication due to N, P

• High maintenance in

terms of cost and

energy

• Can not down-scale

• Failure due to aerators

• Sludge disposal

• Skilled manpower

Sewage

Phytorid: Paradigm Shift in Technological Solution

Command and Control

Ecosystem Based

Trade-off between space and

energy

NEERI’s PHYTORIDA Constructed Wetland System

• Based on 5 years of intense R&D in lab, pilot

• Now more than 9 years of field experience of plants

• Innovation based on: – Our climate

– Our needs

– Our cost issues

– O&M practices

• International Patents:– Australian Patent

– European Patent

– Indian Patent

Components of PHYTORID system

ProcessesSedimentation Bacterial action Filtration Adsorption Decomposition Nutrient uptake Vegetation system

Phytorid bed

Treated water storage

Sewage collection tank

Settler/screen

Phytorid DetailsMechanism

1)Biochemical

Oxidation of organics

2)Nitrification/denitrifi

cation

3)Phosphate uptake

4)Anaerobic

treatment zones at

bottom

• BOD reduction : O2 diffusion in liquid is limiting

factor in any STP, No matter how it is supplied

• Improved surface area helps Mass Transfer

Integrated approach for the treatment

Phytorid

system

Streams from

small

villages/townsSewage

Treated

Water

River

SewageTreated

Water

Basin Approach

•Reducing pollution

load from sewage

•Decentralised

treatment system at

villages and town levels

•Nallah-in-situ

treatment

Nallah In-situ Treatment

Central treatment system

Bank of nallah

Possible Environmental Intervention using NEERI’s Phytorid Technology

Phytorid technology•Engineered constructed Wetland

•No alteration of existing sewage line equired

•Can be built in river bed near to sewage outlets or in near by gardens

•Will not obstruct water flow during monsoon nor any mosquito/odour nuisanceEarlier Proposed Phytorid plan to NMC by NEERI

Location: Ramdaspeth

River Projects under consideration

• Godavari, Nasik

• Panchganga, Kolhapur

• Nag River, Nagpur,

• Narmada Basin, MP

• Kaveri-Kambini, Mysore

T. Nasripura,Mysure

Under Consideration

Phytorid Treating Nag River Water: Pilot Project

Raw sewage

in nallah

Treated water

Phytorid System

Plant at Agricultural

college, PKV Nagpur

Plant Capacity 100

m3/day

Parameter Inlet sewage quality

Treated water quality

Standards

for inland

surface

water

Standards

Land

Irrigation

pH 7.1 to 7.5 7.2 5.5-9.0 5.5-9.0

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L)

40 to 130 <5 30 100

Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/L)

130 to 350 < 12-18 250 Not Specified

Total Suspended solids (mg/L)

80 to 90 < 15 100 200

Fecal Coli Farm (MNP/100ml)

106 to 107 <20 --- ---

Nitrogen (mg/L) 10 to 50 4-5 5 Not Specified

Phosphate (mg/L) 10 to 50 1-4 5 Not Specified

Performance of PHYTORID for Sewage typical results

Drain Cleaning

• Drain trash cleaning is important

• Possibility to use existing hardwares

Lake Treatment

Peripheral Phytorid

FloatingPhytorid

Contaminated

Treated

Lonar Lake, Maharashtra

Lake Area: 3 hectareCapacity: 500 KLD

Telibandha Lake, Raipur

Lake Area: 11 HectarePhytorid Capacity 2 MLDProposed to develop 3 plant at periphery

Kot Lake Brahmapuri, Maharashtra

Phytorid Capacity 450KLDProject Approved

Shahadara Lake Project

(Under tendering

Process)

Design Approach

• Operating windows for sewage, parameters

• Source based selection of unit operations

• Space availability and levels

• Proximity of end use of treated water

• Quality of water required

• Soil strata

• Design of plant, conceptual, structural and asthetics

Sr. Items Conventional activated

sludge

UASB Extended Aeration

Facultative Aerated Lagoons

PhytoRid Technology

1 Performance BOD Removal %

85-92 75-78 95-98 75-85 80-95

2. Sludge First digest then dry on beds or use

mech devices

Directly dry on beds or use mech

devices

No digestion dry on sand beds or use

mech devices

Mech. Desludging once in 5-10 years

Negligible

3. Equipment Requirement (excluding screening and grit removal common to all processes)

Aerators, recycle pumps,

scrappers, thickeners, digesters, dryers gas equipment

Nil except gas collection and

flaring gas conversion to

elect is optional

Aerations, recycle pumps

sludge, scrappers for large settlers

Aerators only

None, all flows by gravity

4. Operational Characteristics

Skilled operation

reqd.

Simpler than ASP Simpler than ASP

Simple Unskilled operator

5. Special features Considerable equipment and

skilled operation reqd specially when gas collection

and usage considered

Minimal to negligible power reqd. makes it economical at

even if gas revenue is neglected

BOD removal highest effluent

nitrified high power reqd. Favoured for

small and medium plants

Power reqd. similar to

ASP operation simpler

Plant species and odour

less operations

Typical Performance Characteristics for Various Treatment Methods

Various Plant Types

Forage Kochia Kochia spp

Poplar Trees Populus spp

Willow Trees Salix spp

Alfalfa Medicago sativa

Cattail Typha latifolia

Coontail Ceratophyllum demersvm L

Bullrush Scirpus spp

Reed Phragmites spp.

American pondweed Potamogeton nodosus

Common Arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia

ADVANTAGES

• Cost-effective

• Operation and maintenance expenses are negligible.

• Minimum electricity requirement, nearly fossil energy free

• Smaller footprint (Retention time: Typically less than 24 hrs.)

• Facilitates recycle and reuse of water

• No foul odor and No Mosquito Nuisance.

• Tolerates fluctuations in operating conditions such as flow,

temperature and pH

PHYTORID system is useful for treatment of waste water in

following applications

▪ Domestic wastewater (including decentralized Municipal waste water

treatment)

➢Colonies, Airports, Commercial complexes, Hotels

➢Open drainage

➢Cleaning of nallah water

▪ Agricultural wastewater

▪ Dairy waste

▪ Slaughter House Waste

▪ Fish pond discharges

▪ Pre treated industrial wastewater, Sugar Industries

▪ Municipal Landfill leachates

▪ Several other applications

Clear Water !!!

Phytorid 1.2MLD

Periods in Months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Maintenance Item

Replantation (partial if

needed)

О О

Water Quality analysis О О О О О О О

Cleaning of Screening

Chamber [ this could be every

week, in case load of floating

matter is high]

О О О О О О О О О О О О

Harvesting of overgrown

plants and roots

О О О О

Hydraulics/ water level Checks О О

Cleaning of Settling chamber О

Pump maintenance (if pump is

installed)

О О О О

Operation and Maintenance

Technology in Field

• More than 35 plants already working (Maharashtra, Goa, UP, Uttarakhand, Delhi…)

• Government Interest (MoUs, Dialogues)– Municipal Corporation Delhi, – Trans Yamuna Development Board & CM Delhi– Govt of Maharashtra (through ULBs, MJP)– State Planning Commission UP– CG, Water Supply and Sanitation– Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (for Parks & Gardens)– Karnataka Urban Infrastructural Financial Development Council

• Under construction about 50 plants• In active consideration more than 100

ComparisonPARTICULARS NAME OF TECHNOLOGY

ASP MBBR SBR UASB+EA MBR WSP

PHYTORI

D

AREA REQ . SQMT/MLD 1000 550 550 1100 450 6100 580-1000

CAPITAL COST 108 108 115 108 300 63 110

CIVIL COST (% OF CAPITAL COST) 60 40 30 65 20 90 80

Biomedia/Plantation - - - - - - 19

E&M WORK (%OF TOTAL CAPITAL

COST) 40 60 70 35 80 10 1

OPERATION& MAINTANEOUS COST

YEARLY POWER COST (LACS/MLD) 4.07 4.9 3.37 2.75 6.65 0.5 0.5

ANNUAL REPAIR COST (LACS/MLD) 2.38 1.94 1.84 2.48 1.76 0.1

CHEMICAL COST LACS/MLD 5.3 5.3 3.3 6.3 7.2 0

MANPOWER COST LACS/P.A. 12 12 12 12 12 12 2.5

TOTAL O& M COST PER YEAR 23.75 24.14 20.51 23.53 18.65 21.45 3.1

Refe:- http://moef.nic.in- Report Code: - 003_GBP_IIT_EQP_S&R_02Ver1_Dec 2010

ASP: -ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS

MBBR:-MOVING BED BIOLOGICAL REACTOR

SBR:- SEQUINTIAL BATCH REACTOR

WSP:- WAST STABILIZATION POND

MBR:- MEMBRANE BIO REACTOR

UASB+EA:-UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET+EXTENDED AREATION

Comparison of Conventional Reed Bed and Phytorid

Conventional Reed Bed Phytorid Technology

Either vertical or horizontal flow Better hydraulics with mixed flow, advantage for better oxygen mixing

Only reed species are used for uptake of nutrients and treatment

Combinations of several plant species makes it tailor made wastewater treatment. Also the plant species are local ones

Root mass is detached after full growth and spoils the water quality after deterioration

No such root mass detachment and hence no fouling

May require larger area as shallow beds Can be designed for smaller area

Implementation Mechanism

• Technological intervention from CSIR-NEERI– Conceptual Design (vetting of design)– Overall supervision– Commissioning and water quality analysis

• Authorized Licensee– Actual implementation in the field– Maintenance

• Local Government– Resolution to adopt Phytorid– Space availability– Fund application

Conclusions

• Constructed wetland is the needed innovative technology: Ecologically benign

• Nearly free of fossil based energy therefore sustainable and doable

• Cost effective in terms of O&M is most important factor

Thank You