PHYSICS LAB

S.No: 1 Desc: Physics Economy Bundle with the Xplorer GLX Model: CA-6788A Make: Pasco, USA Our quoted bundle provides tremendous value to the students on physics subject.

The bundle includes: 1. ME-6951 GOcar 2. ME-6960 PAStrack 3. OS-8470 Basic Optics Light Source 4. OS-8465 Ray Table 5. SE-7581 Lens set 6. OS-8516A Ray Optics Kit 7. PS-2002 Xplorer GLX 8 PS-2103A PASPORT Motion Sensor 9. PS-2104 PASPORT Force Sensor 10. SE-8028 Constant Speed Buggy 11. SE-7343 Adjustable Tuning Fork 12. ME-8970 Equal Length Springs 13. ME-9837 Discover Centripetal Force 14. TD-8557A Basic Calorimetry Set 15. EM-8624A CASTLE Kit

It enables you to do more than 25 experiments covering topics from mechanics, sound, electricity, magnetism, thermodynamics and optics

Position–Match Graph Velocity of a Motorized Cart Acceleration on an Inclined Track Acceleration Due to Gravity Newton’s Second Law–Constant Force

Newton’s Second Law–Constant Mass Newton’s Third Law–Tug-of-War Hooke’s Law of Elasticity Simple Harmonic Motion–Mass on a Spring Simple Harmonic Motion–Pendulum Impulse and Change in Momentum Explore Gravitational Potential Energy Conserve Energy Work and Energy Centripetal Force, Constant Radius and Mass Centripetal Force, Constant Radius and Force Centripetal Force, Constant Mass and Force Voltage in a Series Circuit Voltage in a Parallel Circuit Time Constant of a Resistor-Capacitor Circuit Sound Wave Properties Interference–Beat Frequency Archimedes’ Principle–Buoyant Force Transfer of Energy Specific Heat of an Unknown Metal Latent Heat of Vaporization Latent Heat of Fusion

In addition to Economy bundle, we are also quoting the following equipments to perform the experiments:- S.No: 2 Desc: Cart Launcher Model: ME-9488 Make: Pasco, USA The Cart Launcher launches PASCO Dynamics Carts with repeatability impossible to achieve by hand. The force of the launcher is fully adjustable, and the built-in scale permits force calibration. It mounts to PASCO Dynamics Tracks. It includes:

Cart Launcher with trigger release Dynamics Track Mount

S.No: 3 Desc: Universal Table Clamp Model: ME-9376B Make: Pasco, USA It mount rods in the clamp either vertically or horizontally. The rods are held securely by stable 3-point contacts.

S.No: 4 Desc: Friction Block Model: ME-9807 Make: Pasco, USA The wooden Friction Block has felt on two sides so the frictional coefficients for felt or wood can be measured. It also fits into the dynamics cart tray so the cart can run on its wheels or it can be turned upside down to run on the Friction Block, without changing the mass.

Two types of material Vary surface area by using it flat or up on its side Hook for attaching a string to pull it Slot for a picket fence or flag for photogate timing

S.No: 5 Desc: Constant Velocity Tubes – 4 set Model: SE-9072 Make: Pasco, USA This set is unusual because it includes a tube with both a bubble, a plastic ball and a metal ball, giving the students the added twist of having an object with a negative velocity and thus a negative slope on the graph. Students can predict where the ball and the bubble will meet. Constant Velocity Tubes effectively introduce the relationship between graphs and motion. Students can use a meterstick and a stopwatch to plot the position of the bubble as a function of time as it moves up the tube. Each tube has an obstruction that serves as the initial position for the bubble. The slope and vertical intercept from the graph yield the equation of motion. This set includes three tubes with varying viscosities and initial starting points plus one tube with both a bubble and two balls. The red one and the colorless one have the same viscosity.

S.No:6 Desc: Materials Stress Strain Model: EX-9928 Make: Pasco, USA Our quoted equipment explains the following concepts:

Stress Strain Young’s Modulus Yield Point

The equipment includes:

Stress-Strain Apparatus (AP-8214) which includes the base unit with micrometer head, sample holder, force lever arm and ten each of seven types of test coupons.

Force Sensor ( PS-2104) Rotary Motion Sensor (PS-2120) Stainless Steel Calipers (SF-8711) Experiment Manual DataStudio File for Materials Stress-Strain Experiment DataStudio Lite Software

Description: Students test a variety of materials by stretching them until failure under the tensile load. The sample is placed in the holder and firmly held on both ends. By turning the hand crank, the sample is stretched in one dimension. During the stretching, the Force Sensor measures the applied force through the 5 to 1 lever arm. This allows the maximum allowable force in the experiment to be 250 N. Simultaneously, the Rotary Motion Sensor measures the stretch of the sample real-time. The stress and strain can be calculated and graphed versus one another. The slope of the stress-strain graph in the elastic region is known as Young’s Modulus. The transition between elastic and plastic deformation is known as the Yield Point; this point can be easily determined from the DataStudio graph.

S.No: 7 Desc: Ideal Gas Law Apparatus Model: TD-8596A Make: Pasco, USA Investigating the Ideal Gas Law is simple using PASCO’s Ideal Gas Law Syringe. By connecting a Pressure Sensor and a Temperature Sensor to this syringe, students can quantitatively look at the relationships between pressure, temperature and volume.

Experimentally determine the Ideal Gas Law Large syringe for accurate volume measurements Built-in fast-response thermistor Investigate relationships such as pressure vs. temperature (Gay-Lussac’s Law), pressure vs. volume

(Boyle’s Law) and temperature vs. volume (Charles’ Law) Calculate the number of moles of air in the syringe based on pressure, temperature and volume

measurements It includes:

Ideal Gas Law Syringe

Built-in Fast Response Thermistor Probe

Quick Connect Pressure Port

S.No: 8 Desc: Temperature sensor Model: PS-2125 Make: Pasco, USA PASCO’s Stainless Steel Temperature Sensor offers fast response and superior range, resolution and accuracy. It reports temperature (in °C, °F, or K) whether it is immersed in liquids, held in the air or touching a solid surface.

o Conduct general temperature experiments o Measure rapid temperature changes found in endothermic-exothermic reactions o Conduct environmental studies

Specifications

Range: -35 °C to +135 °C Accuracy: ±0.5 °C Resolution: 0.0025 °C Maximum Sample Rate: 10 Hz Displays: °C, K and °F Repeatability: 0.1 °C

S.No: 9 Desc: Pressure (Absolute) sensor Model: PS-2107 Make: Pasco, USA The Absolute Pressure Sensor measures the gas pressure in a container or the surroundings. Includes a 20cc syringe and quick connect tubing for investigating the Gas Laws. The sensor’s wide range make it an excellent general purpose pressure device. Typical Applications

o Measure chemical reaction rates o Verify Gas Laws (Ideal, Charles’, Boyle’s) o Study Vapor Pressure vs. Temperature

Specifications

Range: 0 – 700 kPa

Accuracy: ±2 kPa

Resolution: 0.01 kPa

Maximum Sample Rate: 200 Hz

Repeatability: 1 kPa S.No: 10 Desc: Mechanical Equivalent of Heat Apparatus Model: TD-8551A Make: Pasco, USA The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat Apparatus provides an updated version of one of Joule’s most important experiments; converting mechanical work to thermal energy Turn the crank to perform a measurable amount of work. The crank turns an aluminum cylinder. A flat nylon rope is wrapped several times around the cylinder. As the crank is turned, the friction between the rope and the cylinder is just enough to support a mass hanging from the other end of the rope. This ensures that the torque acting on the cylinder is constant and measurable. A counter keeps track of the number of turns of the crank. The thermal energy is measured by monitoring the temperature of the cylinder using the embedded thermistor. With this apparatus, the equivalence of work and heat is easily established to within 5%. Features:

Accurate to 5%

Rugged Ball-Bearing Construction

Uses a Thermistor— No Thermometer to Break

TD-8551A includes:

Base, cylinder, crank and counter with a built-in table clamp

2.7 meters of flat nylon rope

1-gallon can that can be filled with a measured mass of sand or water (if 10 kg of laboratory masses are not available)

Laboratory manual including theory, step-by-step instructions and data tables Essential Ancillaries:

Basic Digital Multimeter (SE-9786A)

Triple-beam Balance (SE-8707)

A refrigerator (or ice) for cooling the cylinder below room temperature.

Calipers and a thermometer for measuring room temperature are helpful, but not necessary. S.No: 11 Desc: Basic Digital Multimeter Model: SE-9786A Make: Pasco, USA This basic meter includes all functions and ranges needed for most introductory lab work.

20 Amp range Backlit display with 25 mm digits Soft rubber boot for drop protection Built-in tilt stand Type K thermometer built in for surface or air measurements Auto power off saves battery life

Specifications:

DC Voltage: 0.1 mV to 600 V with ± 0.5% accuracy AC Voltage: 1 mV to 600 V with ± 0.3% accuracy DC Current: 0.1 μA to 20 A AC Current: 0.1 mA to 20 A Resistance: 0.1 Ω to 20 MΩ Additional Functions: Input fuse protection, audible and visible misconnection signals, data hold freezes

display reading Display: 3-1/2 digit display with 25 mm digits, polarity indication, low battery indication

S.No: 12 Desc: Ohaus Cent-o-Gram Balance Model: SE-8725 Make: Pasco, USA

Triple-beam balance Capacity: 610g Readability: 0.1 g Tare: 225g

S.No: 13 Desc: Compact Thermal Expansion Apparatus Model: TD-8578 Make: Pasco, USA Our quoted Compact Thermal Expansion Apparatus provides experimental results within 5% of the accepted value, yet requires less storage space (tubes are 46 cm long). In this experiment, a metal tube expands as steam passes through it. Three tubes (brass, copper and aluminum) allow students to compare the expansion of different materials. As the tube expands, one end is held fixed while a clip on the other end pushes against a 0.01 mm division dial gauge. Initial and final temperatures are determined by a 100 kΩ thermistor. A spring clip ensures good thermal contact to the tube and allows the thermistor to be changed between the three tubes provided.

Insulation around the thermistor ensures accurate readings. The thermistor is permanently wired to banana jacks for easy connection to an ohmmeter. The free-standing base supports the apparatus on a table without a clamp or stand. The base has storage slots for the three tubes. The entire apparatus requires a minimal amount of storage space. The working length of each tube is 35 cm. The TD-8578 Compact Thermal Expansion Apparatus comes complete with 0.01 mm dial gauge, three sample tubes (brass, copper and aluminum) and a thermistor.

S.No: 14 Desc: Steam Generator Model: TD-8556A Make: Pasco, USA

Variable Steam Output Rapid Heating Automatic Safety Shut-off

It’s inexpensive, plentiful and the perfect constant temperature heat reservoir. This Steam Generator brings 3/4 of a liter of water to a boil in 10 minutes and provides continuous steam at up to 10 gram/min. A baster is also provided for removing hot water for experiments. Includes many convenience and safety features.

S.No: 15 Desc: Sympathetic Resonance Box Set Model: SE-7345 Make: Pasco, USA Resonance boxes are great instruments for amplifying sound from a tuning fork. These boxes are constructed from hardwood and feature an A4 tuning fork mounted directly to the box. Use WAVEPORT software to measure the sound waves and beat frequencies created by these resonance boxes

Hardwood resonance box with a 256 Hz A4 tuning fork Hardwood resonance box with an adjustable tuning fork

Supplied with a waveport site license S.No: 16 Desc: Interference and Diffraction of Light Model: EX-9956 Make: Pasco, USA Our quoted equipment explains the following concepts:

Two-Slit Interference Single-Slit Diffraction Multiple-Slit Minor Maxima Slit Versus Line Diffraction

Please Note: The picture depicts EX-9956 with Xplorer GLX unit Description: Interference and diffraction patterns from laser light passing through various single-slits and multiple-slits are scanned and plotted in real-time. These patterns are then examined for similarities and differences. The distances between the central maximum and the diffraction minima for a single slit are measured by scanning the laser pattern with a Light Sensor and plotting light intensity versus distance. Also, the distances between interference maxima for two or more slits are measured. These measurements are compared to theoretical values. Differences and similarities between interference and diffraction patterns are examined Advantages of our equipment: Since the Linear Translator tracks the position of the Light Sensor, it is not necessary to move the Light Sensor at a constant speed. The intensity versus distance graph is plotted in real-time, showing the connection between the intensity pattern and the actual laser pattern. Adjustment of the slit size on the Light Sensor mask gives the resolution required to see detail in the interference patterns. Our quoted equipment consists of:-

1.2 m Optics Track (OS-8508)

Diode Laser (OS-8525A)

Slit Accessories (OS-8523)

Light Sensor (PS-2176)

Rotary Motion Sensor (PS-2120)

Aperture Bracket (OS-8534)

Linear Translator (OS-8535)

Experiment Manual S.No: 17 Desc: Atomic Spectra Model: EX-9955 Make: Pasco, USA Our quoted system consists of :- Spectrophotometer Accessory Kit OS-8537 Optics Bench (60 cm) OS-8541 Aperture Bracket OS-8534A High Sensitivity Light Sensor PS-2176 Rotary Motion Sensor PS-2120 Small Round Base (2) ME-8974 25 cm Steel Rod (2) ME-8988 Low Pressure Sodium Light Source OS-9287B Spectral Lamp Power Supply and Mount SF-9288 Mercury Spectral lamp SF-9282 Spectral Tube Power Supply and Mount SE-9460

Hydrogen Spectral Tube SE-9461 Helium Spectral Tube SE-9462

The wavelengths of the spectral lines are compared to the accepted values and, in the case of Hydrogen, the electron orbit transitions corresponding to the lines are identified. The open construction of the spectrophotometer allows the entire spectrum to be seen while the intensity versus angle is graphed in real-time.

S.No: 18 Desc: Photoelectric Effect System Model: AP-8209 Make: Pasco, USA Our quoted Photoelectric Effect System is used to perform the photoelectric experiment, determining Planck’s Constant to within 5%. This apparatus uses the conventional method of determining Planck’s Constant. The metal plate in the photodiode is illuminated with various frequencies of light selected from a mercury lamp using filters. The voltage is then adjusted to stop the photoelectric current. The stopping voltage is plotted versus the frequency and Planck’s Constant is determined from the slope of the graph. Characteristics of Photodiode are also determined The concept that the stopping voltage does not change with light intensity is tested using the various apertures that vary the light intensity by partially blocking the light. The filter set includes five narrow band filters to select the spectral lines of Mercury. Three apertures are included to partially block the light to test the effect of light intensity on the stopping voltage

Specifications: Current Amplifier Measuring range: 10-8 to 10-13 A, in six ranges, 3-1/2 digit display. Zero drift: ≤ ±0.2% of full range reading in 30 minutes at the range of 10-13 A (after 20 minute warm-up). Voltage Output for Photoelectric Tube Voltage adjustment: –2 to +2V and –2 to +30V (two ranges), 3-1/2 digit display. Stability: ≤ 0.1% Photoelectric tube Spectral response range: 300–700 nm Minimum cathode sensitivity: ≤1μA/Lm Anode: nickel ring Dark current: ≤ 2 x 10-13 A (–2V ≤ VAK ≤ 2V) Optical filters Five filters with central wavelengths of 365.0, 404.7, 435.8, 546.1, and 578.0 nm Mercury lamp Emitting spectral lines of 365.0, 404.7, 435.8, 546.1, and 578.0 nm Measuring error: For Planck’s constant, within 3%, typical S.No:19 Desc: Field Mapper Kit Model: PK-9023 Make: Pasco, USA The field mapper kit is used for students to map both the potentials and the electric fields around any conceivable system of two-dimensional charged conductors. The procedure is simple and as follows:

Draw Any Electrode -Draw the electrode with the special, conductive silver ink pen. It is easy to use, it dries quickly and there is no mess.

Plot the Equipotentials - Connect a battery or power supply across the electrodes, then use a voltmeter to locate the equipotential lines.

Plot the Electric Field --Tape voltmeter probes together, then hold one probe on the paper and rotate the other probe around it like a compass. The maximum voltage reading indicates the direction of the electric field.

Special Conductive Pen The PASCO Conductive Silver Ink Pen makes it easy to study field patterns. Draw over 60 meters of patterns with a single pen. Pen shelf life is six months. Not refillable.

Conductive Paper with cm grid: 23 x 30 cm (50 sheets)

Plastic Tray: 32 x 48 cm

The field mapper kit includes:

o Conductive paper with cm grid; 23 x 30 cm (50 sheets) o 10 pushpins; 3 wires o Conductive ink pen and circular template o Plastic tray with corkboard top; 32 x 48 cm o Instruction manual with 10 experiments

S.No: 20 Desc: Resistor-Capacitor Circuit Model: SE-9791 Make: Pasco, USA The SE-9791 Resistor-Capacitor Circuit contains everything students need for studying resistor-capacitor circuits in the lab. A built-in battery (included) or external power supply can be used for experiments. A fuse protects components from overload. Two resistors and two capacitors are provided (one each soldered to the board). Unique spring connectors are used for easy component connection.

Charging and Discharging Capacitors Series RC Circuits Parallel RC Circuits Combinations of Series and Parallel RC Circuits.

S.No: 21 Desc: PASCO Stopwatch Model: ME-1234 Make: Pasco, USA

S.No: 22 Desc: Voltage/Current Model: PS-2115 Make: Pasco, USA The Voltage/Current Sensor combines both sensors in one case. This multi-measure probe uses only one connection so a single USB link can be used. With overload protection, audible overload notification and automatic reset this sensor provides an ideal student measurement tool.

Voltage Range: ±10 volts, resolution of 0.005 volts Current Range: ±1 amp, resolution of 500 microamps Current channel series resistance: 0.6 ohms, < 0.9 ohms at room temperature Maximum common mode voltage: 10 volts Maximum Sample Rate: 1000 samples/sec Voltage Input Impedance: 2 MΩ

Experiments List Equipments Required

Experiment 1 – Conservation of Energy CA-6788A + ME-9488

Experiment 2 – Spring Constant CA-6788A + ME-9376B

Experiment 3 – Friction CA-6788A + ME-9807

Experiment 4 – Viscosity SE-9072

Experiment 5 – Young’s Modulus CA-6788A + EX-9928

Experiment 6 – Rotational Dynamics CA-6788A

Experiment 7 – Constant Volume Thermometer CA-6788A + TD-8596A + PS-2125 + PS-2107

Experiment 8 – Mechanical Equivalent of Heat TD-8551A + SE-9786A + SE-8707

Experiment 9 – Thermal Expansion TD-8578 + TD-8556A+ SE-9786A

Experiment 10 – Wave Motion and Resonance CA-6788A +SE-7345

Experiment 11 – Speed of Sound

Experiment 12 – Lenses and Optical Instruments CA-6788A

Experiment 13 – Interference and Diffraction CA-6788A + EX-9956

Experiment 14 – Internal Resistance CA-6788A

Experiment 15 – Spectra CA-6788A+ EX-9955

Experiment 16 – The Photoelectric Effect AP-8209

Experiment 17 – Electric Field Mapping PK-9023

Experiment 18 – RC Circuits SE-9791 + ME-1234 + PS-2115

Experiment 19 – Electrical Meters SE-9786A

Experiment 20 – Magnetic Fields CA-6788A

Furnitures:

Bench with Power supply Make: Hera, Germany PROFI Workbench 2303x900 (WxD) with drop edge. Total height: 780 mm (407.231.901) Stable framework made of tubular steel with middle section. Thread inserts for rugged attachment of suspended drawers or 19" rack. Sidewise flush fixation possibilities for profile extensions, covered with plastic caps. Spacious cable tray (200 x 170 mm) made of sheet steel with ventilation slots and access openings, ergonomically bevelled. Hard wearing 30 mm lightgrey worktop (chipboard core to DIN 68761). Upper side 0,8 mm HPL hard laminated to DIN 16926 and 53799. Edges with 3 mm PP plastic band. All bench legs are of SINGLE profile with leveller and six vertical slots for flexible fixation possibilities. Legs 40 x 125 mm. For even more legroom the front legs could be positioned more to the rear. It includes :

EASY Energy Board light grey 7EPnew 2000x300 (WxD). (313.200.510) EP Mains Panel 1EP 1p. 230V / FI Type A (332.262.101) EP Socket Socket Panel Export 2EP with British Standard (333.423.100)

Paramount® Storage Cabinet Easy Assembly Dimensions: 48X24X78 inches The channel reinforced, box formed doors provide maximum security with extra large 4" hinges (typically the weakest point on ordinary cabinets) and feature a jumbo 3/8" diameter hinge pin. The 3 point latching mechanism features a super strong 5/16" round locking bar and nylon guides for silent operation and consistent alignment. Chrome diecast key locking handles. Rigid channel reinforced, box formed shelves have a 300 lb. capacity and adjust easily on 2" centers with sturdy shelf clips. This 48"W model's base is reinforced with 2 I-beams to retain rigidity and strength. Easy assembly.

Student Chair

Frame of one‐piece bent powder‐coated round steel tube.

Seat shell of double‐walled textured polypropylene (LuPo) for comfortable sitting with air‐cushion effect.

Frame sizes as per DIN ISO 5970 and CEN.

Features and options. With glides for hard and soft floors

Desc: Instructor Desk

Desc: Instructor Chair

S.No Part No Description Qty

1 CA-6788A Economy Physics Labs with Xplorer GLX 5

2 ME-9488 Cart Launcher 5

3 ME-9376B Universal Table Clamp 5

4 ME-9807 Friction Block -- IDS 5

5 SE-9072 Constant Velocity Tube Set (4) 5

6 EX-9928 Materials Stress Strain Experiment, PASPORT 5

7 TD-8596A Ideal Gas Law Apparatus 5

8 PS-2125 PASPORT Temperature Sensor 5

9 PS-2107 PASPORT Absolute Pressure Sensor 5

10 TD-8551A Mechanical Equivalent of Heat Apparatus 5

11 SE-9786A Basic Digital Multimeter 5

12 SE-8707 Ohaus Triple-Beam Balance (with Tare) 5

13 TD-8578 Compact Thermal Expansion Apparatus 5

14 TD-8556A Steam Generator 5

15 SE-7345 Sympathetic Resonance Boxes 5

CI-6874D WAVEPORT, Site License 5

16 EX-9956 Diffraction of Light, PASPORT 5

17 EX-9955 Atomic Spectra-PASPORT 5

18 AP-8209 h/e System 5

19 PK-9023 Field Mapper Kit 5

20 SE-9791 Resistor-Capacitor Circuit 5

21 ME-1234 PASCO Stopwatch 5

22 PS-2115 PASPORT Voltage/Current Sensor 5

Furnitures

S.No Part No Description Qty

1

PROFI Workbench 2303x900 (WxD) with EASY Energy Board light grey 7EPnew 2000x300 (WxD), EP Mains Panel 1EP 1p.

230V / FI Type A and EP Socket Socket Panel Export 2EP 10

2

Paramount® Storage Cabinet Easy Assembly 3

3

STUDENT CHAIR 20

4

Instructor Desk 1

5

Instructor Chair 1

Grand Sum for Physics Lab