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7. Worlg Energy, Power -

Potentlal energy = mghm: lnass in kg, g: gravity in 9.8 m/s2h: height in m n = speed of light in air or vacuum / speed of light in medium

Speed of light in air or vacuum always = 3 x 108 m/s

n = Real depth i Apparent depth

Kinetic energy =lrm.f m: mass in kg, v: speed in m/s

Total energy = k.e + p.e * energy lost

Work done: J,Forcel N, dist: m speed of sound = distance / time between gun's

in air flush and sound

if no, of claos = n, then no. of echoes = n - l.speed of sound = (2 x dist x no. of echoes) / time

if ys!41[s!gp!s!s, thenspeed of sound : (2 x dist) / time for 1 clap

Using echo methods

?'ffT','"' tt zDSpeed in m/s 5 = T

Gun's flush and

sound method

Power: W, energy: JTime: s

8, Tempeature:

9. Waves:

10. Light:

Xo =valrrr ^f icr- poin*, )1,oor vol*.*funp'l

x 00L

FfF;l

v: speed in m/s, I frequency in Hz1": wavelength in m

v: speed in m./s, d: distance in mt:timeins

anglel=anglerin reflection

i: angle of incidentr: angle of reflection

n=sini/sinrin refraction

n: refractive index of a medium

i, always the angle in the &ifr: always the angle in the mffim

ll. Sound:

1.2. Electricity:

ElectrostaticsNP: Nanyang Poly means Negative PolyhenePC: Personal Computer means Positive Cellulose Acetate

Electricitv

rcr"---lI w=vq

IlV=IR I

I E;\4lp I

lE=VIt' I

lE=v0 I

lP=E/t I

I P=VI I

I r=v2rR I

I r:I'?n I

Q: Charge iC) I: Cunent (A) | time (s)

W: work or energy (J) V:Voltage (V) Q:Charge (C)V: Voltage (V) I:Cunent (A) R:Resistance (O)

E: work or enogy (J) V:Voltage (V) I: Current (A) t: time (s)

P: Power (W) E: work or energy (J) t: time (s)

P: Power (W) V:Voltage (V) I:Cunent (A)P: Power (W) V:Voltage (V) R:Resistance (C))

P: Power (W) I:Cunent (A) R:Resistance (O)

Cost of using electricity = PoJ{eI in kW x time in hou x unit costs

I

Energy in kwh

RI LI A2x_R2 L2 A1

Resistors

In series: R: Rr + Rz + R3 ...,..

In parallel: l/R = l/Rr + l/Rr + l/Rr...

*A

14. Radioactivity

Half life: Remaining amt: (ll2)" x initial amt(=

Resistance of wire 1, R2: Resistance of wire 2Length of wire 1, L2: Lenglh of wire 2Cross sect. area of wire 1, M: Cross. Sect area of wire 2

Don't have toUse this if you arenot ok with this!.

13. Electromagnetic inductionTransformer I

Vs Ns

Vp Np

Pp : P, : IoVo: IrV,

For 100% efficient or idealtranformer

Where n is no. of half lives = total davs / half lives.

Eg: I have $100 initially and half life is 4 days, after 12 days, what is amt left?

Usinq loqic method (recommended)

$100)$s0)$2s)$12.50

lsthalf 2nd half 3'dhalflive-4days live-4 days live-4 days total: 12 days

or

\: Voltage at primary (power source, a.c, supply)Vr: Voltage at secondary (equipment,eg: lamp)No: No. of turns in primary (power source )N,: No. of turns in secondary (equipment)

Ns / Np : Turn ratio

Po : Power at primary (power supply)P, : Power at secondary (equiprnent)

Vo: Voltage at primary (power supply)Io : Current at primary (power supply)Vr: Voltage at secondary (equipment)I, : Current at secondary (equipment)

Usins formula

No. of half lives = total davs / haif lives = 12 I 4 = 3.

Amt left = (%)r x 100 = $12.50.!

su pplY

sofl lron cora

PURE PIIYSICS (for pure physics students)

I 5. Pressure

Pressure=Force/Area

l6: Light

l7: Temperature

Pressurel Pa, Force: N, Area: m2

Pressure ofair or liquid = height x density x gravity

Pressure: Pa. Height: m, Density: kg/m3, gravity: m/s2

P: Pressure(Pa) V: Volume(m3)

n: Refractive index (no unit), c: critical angle, o

Linear Magniflcatlon m = Image height / Object height

or : Image distance / Object distance

Fil'il&l

F".=";l

m: no unit

F;lE4

|;;;l

tr;1

Q: Amt of heat (J), m: Mass (kg), ??: Change in temp ("C or K)c: specificheat capacity (J/kg"C)

C: Heat capacity (J/"C), m: Mass (kg),c: specificheat capacity (J/kg"C)

I+: Latent heat of fusion (J), m: Mass (kg),16: Specific latent heat of fusion (J/kg)

L,: Latent heat of vapourisation (J), m: Mass (kg),lu: Specific latent heat of vapourisation (J/kg)