physics 12 mr. jean may 6 th, 2014. the plan: video clip of the day ac/dc power generation ac/dc...
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Physics 12
Mr. JeanMay 6th, 2014
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The plan:
• Video clip of the day• AC/DC power generation• AC/DC electric engines
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DC Electric Motor• Has a coil with an iron core ARMATURE• It is surrounded by electromagnets
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Problems with DC Power:
• 1. The magnetic forces are aligned directly opposite each other and will no longer experience a torque.– If you could change the direction of the current,
the coil would again experience a torque.• 2. If the coil keeps turning, the leads will twist
and eventually break.
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AC Electric Motor
• Uses slip rings as commulator. • Since the current is alternating, the motor will
run smoothly only at the frequency of the sine wave.
• The magnetic field is sinusoidally varying, just as the current in the coil varies.
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AC Electric Motor
• Uses slip rings as commulator. • Since the current is alternating, the motor will
run smoothly only at the frequency of the sine wave.
• The magnetic field is sinusoidally varying, just as the current in the coil varies.
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AC vs. DC Motors:
• Electric motors are mostly AC because our electric energy for industry and home is transmitted as AC.
• DC motor – starter motor on a car.
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AC Electric Motor
• Uses slip rings as commulator. • Since the current is alternating, the motor will
run smoothly only at the frequency of the sine wave.
• The magnetic field is sinusoidally varying, just as the current in the coil varies.
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Introduction to DC Power & Motors:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OpL0joqJmqY
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AC vs. DC Motors:
• Electric motors are mostly AC because our electric energy for industry and home is transmitted as AC.
• DC motor – starter motor on a car.
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AC Generators:
• Generators are essentially the same design as motors. – The mechanical energy input to a generator turns the coil
in the magnetic field. This produces an emf (voltage). A sinusoidal voltage output.
• The mechanical energy may come from:– i. Steam– ii. Wind– iii. Waterfall– iv. Electric motor
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DC Generator: • The commutator must change the AC flowing
into its armature into DC.
• Commutators keep the current flowing in one direction instead of back and forth.
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Power Production
• Generators were built by Tesla to generate electricity reliably and in large quantities.
• Most of today’s energy sold is in the form of AC because it can easily be transformed from one voltage to another.
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High Voltage with Low Current:
• Power is transmitted at high voltages and low current without much energy loss (heating of wire) because it can be stepped down from the plant to many cities, to a city, to the household.
• Household typical outlet is 120 V AC.
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Transformers: • Transformers are used to transfer energy from
one circuit to another by means of mutual inductance between two coils.
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Types of Transformers:
• Transformers consist of a primary coil (input) and a secondary coil (output).
• Step-up Transformer – Secondary has more turns – greater electric potential (V) induced, caused by
the lowering for current (I)
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Types of Transformers:
• Transformers consist of a primary coil (input) and a secondary coil (output).
• Step-down Transformer – primary has more turns– Thus less electric potential (V) induced causing a
greater current (I).
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Transformers:
• Transferring energy from one coil to the other OR the rate of transferring energy is the power.
• The power used in the secondary is supplied by the primary.
• LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
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Transformers:
• Brightstorm: Transformers– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4aYhAbzSwvs