Physical Science 1

Laboratory Procedures

2Physical Science

Fume Hood

• Located between lab and prep room• Prevents harmful fumes from entering lab• May be used for demonstrations• Often used by teacher when diluting or

disposing of chemicals• Open to outside at all times, fan can be

turned on for more airflow

3Physical Science

Spill Control

• If you spill on yourself, rinse with water immediately!

• If you spill on the lab bench or the floor, notify your teacher.

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Safety Shower

• Located next to fume hood• Used for chemical spills over large areas of

the body.• To use:

– Stand under shower– Remove effected clothing– Pull down on handle– Push up on bar to shut off

5Physical Science

Eye Wash Station

• Located under safety shower• Used for chemicals splashed in eyes• To use:

– Push lever to turn on– Put eyes in path of spray– Hold eyes open– Remove contact lenses– Stay for 10 minutes

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Fire extinguisher

• Located near lab door• To use, remember PASS

– Pull pin out– Aim at base of fire– Squeeze trigger– Sweep from side to side

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Fire blanket

• Located near the fire extinguisher• Use to cover a person who is on fire• If you are on fire,

– Stop, drop, and roll– Someone will get the fire blanket and help you

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Fire alarm

• Located in hallway• Use if there is a large or uncontrolled fire• Pull alarm and exit the building

9Physical Science

Lab attire

• Goggles and aprons are designed to protect you from chemical spills – wear them

• Take care to keep your hair and clothing away from chemicals and bunsen burners

• Be careful with open-toed shoes and shorts or skirts

10Physical Science

Use common sense

• When in lab, pay attention to what you are doing

• Watch where you are going• Don’t push, shove, pinch, startle, or sneak

up on anyone• Don’t crowd around chemical or weighing

stations – everyone will get a turn

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Hot glassware

• Looks the same as cool glassware• If you drop hot glassware, don’t catch it

with your hands!!– I would rather clean up broken glass than treat

you for burns

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Broken glassware

• Sweep the pieces up with the broom• Put them in the glass disposal box

13Physical Science

Test tubes

• Available in many sizes• Used for many tasks, including mixing and

heating of substances

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Test tube holder

• Used to hold test tubes in your hand while heating them

15Physical Science

Test tube rack

• Sets on table• Used to hold test tubes during an

experiment

16Physical Science

Ring stands and rings

• Variety of uses• Often used to support test tubes, beakers, or

flasks being heated by a bunsen burner

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Graduated cylinders

• Available in different sizes• Use the smallest one that will meet your

needs for the best accuracy• If measuring a large amount you may need

to refill as you measure

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Beakers

• Used to hold chemicals• May be used for mixing or heating• Only used to measure approximate

volumes

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Erlenmeyer flasks

• Used to hold, mix, and heat chemicals• To mix, hold by the neck and swirl

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Squares

• Wire mesh and ceramic• Used to support beakers and flasks being

heated with a bunsen burner

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Evaporating dish

• Used for heating

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Watch glasses

• Curved circular pieces of glass• Often used to cover evaporating dishes

while heating

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Tongs

• Used to move hot or cold objects

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Wash bottle

• Squeeze bottle• Often holds distilled water• Never touch the tip of a wash bottle to

anything.– After you stop squeezing, the bottle sucks in

air.– If there is a chemical on the tip of the bottle, it

will suck that in too.

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Measuring solids

• Use a balance• Place your weighing paper or other

container on the balance.• Push the ZERO button.• Make sure the balance reads zero before

you start putting the material on it.

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Measuring solids

• Add a little at a time so you don’t go over the needed amount.

• If you get too much, don’t put it back in the bottle.– Give it to someone else who needs it– Or put it in the waste beaker

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Measuring liquids

• Unless the directions say approximately, measure with a graduated cylinder.

• Use the smallest graduated cylinder that will get the job done – this will be the most accurate.

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Measuring liquids

• Read the graduated cylinder at eye level.– Don’t hold it up to your eyes.– Bring your eyes down to its level by squatting

or bending over.

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Measuring liquids

• Pour slowly so you don’t get too much– Be extra careful if you are using a funnel

• If you get too much, don’t pour it back in the bottle.– Give it to someone else who needs it– Or pour it down the drain with lots of water– Or put it in the waste beaker

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The meniscus

• Measure to the bottom of the meniscus

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Using droppers

• Like wash bottles, make sure the dropper tip doesn’t touch anything. – After you stop squeezing, the dropper sucks in

air.– If there is a chemical on the tip of the dropper,

it will suck that in too.

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Cleaning labwareFor lightly soiled items:• Rinse three times with tap water.• Rinse once with distilled water.• Place in designated location.For heavily soiled items:• Apply a small amount of soap and scrub with your

fingers or a brush• Rinse with tap water until all the soap is gone (at

least three times)• Rinse once with distilled water.• Place in designated location.