Physical science 5-12

Monday

Element tiles

Periodic table info

Element tiles

All element tiles are due by end of day for full credit

I will select the tiles I will put up tonight:

Criteria- Try to put up 1 from each student

Tile info must be complete

Tile must be easily read at a distance

Today’s Homework

• Pg 119 1-6

• read 120-128 (uses , facts)

• do quick lab on page

• Pg 128 1-7

• Pg 136 4-11, pg 137 12-21

Quick questions

How many electrons and neutrons exist in a non-charged isotope of iodine (that has a atomic mass of 131)?

How are all the elements in a group related?

Final quick question

• What is the difference between an isotope and a ion?

This week

• Monday tile and periodic chart info (HW)

• Tuesday

Electron cloud

• Location at any specific time is impossible to identify.

Paths are not exact and unchanging

Electron Orbitals

Not all paths electrons use orbiting the nucleus require the same amount of energy.

Electrons will fill up the paths that require the least amount of energy first

What is a valence electron?

Valence electrons

Valance electrons are those electrons that occupy the outermost orbital in an atom

They determine how reactive the atom is by interacting with other atoms

In terms of the periodic table, what is a group and a period?

Groups and periods

A group is a vertical column of the table

A period is the horizontal row of a period

What element is in the 14th group, 3rd period of the periodic table?

Answer

• Silicon

What does the atomic number represent?

Atomic Number

The atomic number indicates how many protons there are in an element

Each element has a different number of protons

If the element is electrically neutral, how many electrons will it

have?

Answer

• The number of electrons will equal the atomic number

What does the other number (besides atomic number) in the each element block represent ?

The answer

The average atomic mass

The average mass (in atomic units) of any atom of a specific element

Found by adding up the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Electrons’ mass are insignificant

The number of neutrons can vary in atoms of a specific element

What is the value of an atomic unit?

Atomic unit

• Is equal to the mass of one proton or neutron

What is an isotope?

Isotope

Variations in the number of neutrons in atoms of a specific element

Ex: Most hydrogen atoms have no neutrons. But a rare form of hydrogen atoms will have a neutron

How do you find the number of neutron in the most common

isotope of an element?

Answer

• Find the difference between the atomic mass (rounded to the nearest whole number) and the atomic number

What is an ion?

Ions

• Atoms that gained extra electrons or lost electrons

• This creates a charged atom

• A charged atoms seeks to become neutral by binding with other oppositely charged atoms (reactivity)

Questions on Project?

This information must be written large and bold on front of tile

• The element symbol (3 inches)

• The element name (1 inch)

• Atomic number and mass (2-3 inch)

• One interesting piece of info from 2nd list

This information is to be written on the back

• State of matter at room temp• Density• Melting and boiling point• Hazards (human, environmental)• Benefits (human environmental)• Who discovered-named , why the name• Discovery date• Origin of symbol (name roots)• Isotope (most common, number)

Which elements are non-metals?

Non-metals

Except for hydrogen, found on right side of periodic table

Diagonal starting with boron

Also include Germanium and antimony

Dull and brittle and poor conductors of electricity

How do metals differ from non-metals

They are bright and shiny

They are malleable

Conduct electricity

Make up the majority of elements

What are the metalloids?

metalloids

• They are semi conductors

• Materials that conduct electricity only under certain conditions

• B, Si, As, Ge, Sb,Te

General features

• The elements generally get more reactive as you progress down the group

• Technetium and promethium are man-made elements

• All elements with atomic numbers > 92 are man-made as well

Who are the alkali metals family?

Alkali metals

• All elements in the farthest left column of the periodic table, except Hydrogen

• Very reactive, because they have a single valence electron (want to get rid of it)

• The mother theresa’s of the elements

Who are the alkali earth metals?

Alkali earth metals

• All elements in the second-most left column

• Less reactive than alkali metals, but still reactive compared to most elements

• 2 valence electrons

Who are the Transition metals

Transition metals

• Located in the middle of the periodic table

• Groups 3 through 12 and all elements in the lowest 2 rows

• Much less reactive than other two families

but can gain or lose electrons easily

Who are the halogens?

Halogens

These are in the 2nd column from the right in the chart

These are the terrorists of the periodic table

They need one more electron to be complete

They look to steal electrons from other elements

Who are the Noble gases?

Noble Gases

• These are the elements in the far right column

• They are the hermits of the periodic table

• They interact with no other elements

• They have a complete set of electrons