physical geography of southwest asia. most distinctive landform arabian peninsula – separated from...
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Physical Geography
Of Southwest Asia
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Most Distinctive landform
Arabian Peninsula
– separated from the continent of Africa by the red sea on the southwest and from the rest of Asia by the Persian Gulf on the east
Countries– Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab
Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain
Red SeaPersian Gulf
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Anatolian Peninsula• Occupied by the
country of Turkey
• Marks the beginning of the Asian Continent
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Significance?
• Both Peninsulas border strategic waterways
• Arabian Peninsula– Red Sea & Suez
Canal• Anatolian Peninsula
– Mediterranean & Black Sea
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Significance?• Wadis – riverbeds which
remain dry except during raining seasons
• Mountains– Hejaz Mountains– Zagros Mountains (Iran)– Hindu Kush (Afghanistan)
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Water resources are relatively limited in Southwest Asia
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The two most important rivers in SW Asia are the Tigris
& Euphrates Rivers
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The rivers supported several ancient river valley
civilizations in an area called the Fertile Crescent
(The Gates of Babylon)
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The area between the rivers is known as Mesopotamia
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Pictures of what the rivers look like today
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The Jordan River is another important river located in the Eastern Mediterranean
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The river provides one of the most precious resources in the entire region - freshwater
Christians believe Jesus was baptized on the Jordan River
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The Jordan River flows into the salty waters of the Dead Sea
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The Dead sea is so salty that only bacteria can live in its waters
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The Dead Sea is 1,349 feet below sea level, the lowest
place on the exposed crust of the earth
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Resources
• It is impossible to think of Southwest Asia without thinking about oil
• It is the regions most abundant Resource• Most valuable resource in the area is water
– hydroelectric power– Irrigation
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Climate and Vegetation
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The land of SW Asia is extremely arid
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The most famous
desert in the region is the Rub al-Khali, which means
Empty Quarter
Empty Quarte
r
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The local name for
the desert is “place where no one comes out”
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There are several oasis’s in the Middle East that provide much needed water to the area
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An oasis is an area in the desert where vegetation is found because of underground
springs
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Salt flat deserts in Iran
In Iran, the high mountains block rain, and dry winds increase evaporation creating salt flat deserts
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Human Environment Interaction
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What are some modern methods for water development
& use in the Middle East?
Circle Irrigation
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Desalinization, the removal of salt from ocean water
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Drip irrigation, using small pipes that slowly drip water just above ground to conserve water used for crops
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Oil from Sand
• Crude Oil – Oil pumped from the ground that is not processed
• Refinery – convert crude oil into useful products
• Pipelines – Transports crude oil either to refineries or to ports where oil is picked up by tankers
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Risk of Transporting oil?
• Oil Spill• Largest oil spill
ever was in Jan. 1991 during the Persian Gulf War. More than 240 million gallons of oil were spilled into water and land