physical features of india 2007 9-a
TRANSCRIPT
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ctivity
:-- Powerpoint Presentation
Topic
:-- Physical Features of India
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT - I
chool
:-- Shri Ramakrishna Harikrishna
Academy
ubject:-- Social Science(S.Sc)
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Name:-- Aman Patel
Submitted to :-- Dinesh Sharma Sir
From
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Contents
The Himalayan Mountains
The Northern Plains
The Peninsular Plateau
The Indian Desert
The Coastal Plains
The Island
Maps
NOTE:-- WHOLE CONTENTS ARE HYPERLINKS SO THAT YOU CAN SEE
TOPIC DIRECTLY.
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The Himalayan Mountains
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The HimalayasName
HimalayaKnown as
Northern IndiaLocation
Northern Borders IndiaBoundary
2,400 km / 400 kmLength/Width
North/East/West IndiaState
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K2,Kanchenjuga, Mizohills, etc.
Peaks
Ganga, Brahmaputra,Yamuna, Kosi, etc..
Rivers
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Introduction
The highest mountain range in the world, the Himalayan
range is far-reaching, spanning thousands of miles, and holds
within it an exceptionally diverse ecology. Coniferous andsubtropical forests, wetlands, and montane grasslands are as
much a part of this world as the inhospitable, frozen
mountaintops that tower above.
The word Himalaya is Sanskrit for abode of snow fitting for
a stretch of land that houses the worlds largest non-polar ice
masses.
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Ranges of Himalayas
There are three parallel ranges in its longitudinal
extent. They are :-
Inner or Great Himalaya (Himadri)
Himachal or Lesser Himalaya
Outer Himalaya (Shiwaliks)
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Origin of Himalayas
The formation of the Himalayas is the result of acollision of India with Asia along the convergent
boundary. There were powerful earth movement
between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian
Plate that resulted in the creation of the Himalayan
range. The earth movements raised the deposits,
which were laid down in the shallow Tethys Sea,
which is on the present location of the mountains. Collision beneath the earth's surface leads to the
rising of the Himalayas by about 5 mm per year. The
heat generated beneath the earth's surface results in
this action of collision.
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Location
The Himalaya is the world's largest mountain range. Its peak is of
8,000 meters, which is approximately 26, 000 feet. There are 14
such peaks of Himalayas and hundreds of summits, which are
around 23,000 feet high. The mountain range stretches 1,700 milesacross an area between Assam and Kashmir. The east is guarded
Namche Barwa while the west is guarded by the splendid Nanga
Parbat. The Himalayas are mainly young folded mountains. It
extends from west to east for about 2,500 km in a curve from thePamit Knot in the northwest to the valley of the Brahmaputra River
in the east. The width of the Himalayas is of 100 - 400 km. The
Himalayas range covers an area of 612,021 sq. km. The Himalayas
passes through five nations: India, Pakistan, China, etc
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Flora
They range from tropical deciduous forests in
the foothills, to temperate forests in the
middle altitudes. Higher coniferous, sub-
alpine and alpine forests spring up. These give
way to alpine grasslands and high altitude
meadows. They are followed by scrublands
lead up to the permanent snowline.
Forests were cut down for firewood and to
feed the growing number of forest-based
industries.
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Fauna
Animals have special features like thick coat forproviding warmth and tough hooves to run up and
down the rocky slopes. In the Outer Himalayan
region the forested lower slopes is the home foranimals like rhinoceroses, bison, and Elephants.
While in the foothills animals like red panda, brown
bear, snow leopard, black bear, and languor monkeyare found. Tibetan yak are another animal, which is
found in areas above 10,000 ft. The Himalayas is
also the home for rare species like Kashmir stag,
musk deer, and rhinoceros and beautiful butterflies.
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Greater Himalayas or Himadri
Himadri, the great Himalayan zone forms thenorthern boundary of the region stretching in North
West South East direction, the average width of the
Himadri is about 50 kms. The average altitude ofthe zone varies from 4,800mts. to 6,000 mts. The
important peaks of this region are Nanda Devi,
Kamet, Kedarnath, etc ... Almost all these peaks are
glacier-garlanded and are separated by transverse
gorges of the Alaknanda, the Bhagirathi and the
Dhauli Ganga. The important glaciers of the Himadri
are: Gangotri, Chaturangi, Bhagirathi, etc.
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Himachal or Lesser Himalayas
The central zone of the Himalaya locatedbetween the Himadri and the Shivaliks in the
north and south respectively, is known as the
Himachal. With an approximate width of 75kms, the Himachal is a massive mountainous
tract, separated in the south by the main
boundary fault. The whole zone is mainly
composed of metamorphic rocks. The average
height of the ranges in this zone varies from
1,500 mts. to 2,700 mts. and of the valley
bottoms between 500 mts. and 1,200 mts.
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Himachal or Lesser Himalayas-2
The rivers cut through barriers to
drain out lakes, such as the ones in
the vicinity of Baijnath in the Garur
valley, Agastmuni (Mandakini valley)
and around the basins of the Bhim Tal
and the Naukuchiya Tal in Nainital
District.
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Shiwaliks
A long chain of narrow and low hills, from 300 mts.
to 600 mts. in elevation, lie almost parallel to the
main ranges of the Himanchal.The hill slopes are steeper on the southern side
while on the northern side the slope is gentler and
merged to flat floored structural valleys called
'duns'. The important duns are Dehra, Kohtri,
Chaukham, Patti and Kota. The dun of Dehra
(Dehradun) is the biggest with a length of 35 kms.
And width of 25 kms.
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Rivers and Mountains
Rivers
Ganga
Yamuna
Satluj
Brahmaputra
Ravi
Kosi
Chambal
Jhelum
Indus
Mountains
K2
Kanchenjunga
Nanga Parbat
Naga Hills
Mizo Hills
Manipur Hills
Nanda Devi
Kamet
Namcha Barwa
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Duns
The longitudinal valley lying between the
lesser himalayas and the Shiwaliks are knownas Duns.
DehraDun, KotliDun and PatliDun are
some of the well known Duns.
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Photo Gallery - 1
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Photo Gallery2
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Photo Gallery - 3
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Thought
In these hills, Nature's hospitality eclipses all
men can ever do. The enchanting beauties of
the himalayas, their bracing climate and thesoothing green that envelope you leaves
nothing more to be desired. I wonder
whether the scenery of these hills and theclimate are to be surpassed, if qualified, by
any of the beauty spots of the world.
-- Mahatma Gandhi
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The Northern Plains
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The Northern PlainsName
GangaBrahmaputraPlainKnown as
Northern IndiaLocation
Most fertile part ofIndia
Features
7 lakh sq. kmArea
Rajastan,Punjab,Delhi,
U.P.,Bihar, etc..States
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Introduction
The Northern Plains Occupy the greater part of the northern india . It
is also known as GANGA-BRAHMAPUTRA plains. It extends from the
satlujriver in the west to the Brahmaputra river in the east, from
about 24,00 km. And The Northern plains extend betweenthe The
Great Himalayas in the North And The Great Peninsular Plateau in
the South. The width of northern plains decreases towards the east.
The northern plains of the India are made up of fine slitbrought bythe rivers coming from the Himalaya mountains in the north and the
central highlands in the south. This fertile slit is called Allumium. The
thickness of the alluvium deposited by the rivers varies from place to
place.It is densly populated area.
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Northen Plains are divided into
three they are:--
The Rajasthan Plains OR The Great Indian Desert
The Ganga Basin
The Brahmaputra Valley OR The Assam Plains
On the bases of difference in relief. It is divided
into four section:--
i) Bhabar iii)Bhangar
ii) Terai iv)Khadar
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Origin of Northern Plain
The Northern Plains has been formed by the
interplayof the three major rivers systems , namely-The Indus , The Ganga , The Brahmaputra along with
their tributaries. The depositionof alluvium in a vas
basins lying at the foothills of the himalaya over
million of years formed this fertile plain. Numorouslarge cities have been evolved on the banks of the
rivers. The northern plains stretch between the
Himalayas and the Peninsular Plateau.
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Location of Northern Plain
Area Type: Hypsographic
Location Type: Plain(s)
Latitude: 27
Longitude: 80
Latitude (DMS): 27 0' 0 N
Longitude (DMS): 80 0' 0 E
Northern Plains is locatedtowards the northern
India as below picture given . And the Northern
Plains is betweenthe The Himalayas And ThePeninsular Plateau.
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Importance of Northern Plains
North India consists of Fifteen to Sixteen of Indian
states: Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh,
Uttaranchal, Punjab, Haryana and Delhi, Rajasthan..
This soil is very soft and fertile. Major crops such as
wheat, rice, sugarcane, pulses, oil seeds and jute are
grown here. This plain is the 'food bowl of India.
Therefore wells, tube-wells and canals can be dug for
irrigation. Due to proper irrigation it is the largest
producerof food grains in India.
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This is one of the most thickly populatedplain of
the world. The most thickly populated States ofIndia Uttar Pradesh and Bihar lie in this plain.
The land being even, the transportationand
communicationis easy. This plain has a network ofrailways and roads. Some important industrieslike
iron, steel, jute, cement, sugar and textile are
spread evenly over the whole region.
Importance of Northern Plains-2
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Structure of Agriculture
Farmingon The Northern Plain primarily consists
of rice and wheat grown in rotation. Other crops
include maize, sugarcane, and cotton ..
The main source is of rainfalland the southwest
monsoon which is normally sufficient for general
agriculture. The many riversflowing out of the
Himalayas provide water for major irrigation works.
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Climate In Northern Plains
The Summer months of May and June are very hot
in the plains. Hot winds called loo blow during the
day. Rivers, lakes and ponds dry up and many places
are hit by severe drought.
In the Northern Plains, July and August are wet and
humid months. In certain areas, heavy rains cause
the rivers to overflow and floods occur.
The Northern Plains experience a cold wave in the
months of December, January and February. Cold
winds blowfrom the north.
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Life Style of people in Northern
Plains
Agricultureis the main occupation of people living
in villages. They grow different crops depending on
which part of the country they belong to. There are
many industries, factories and handicrafts.
belonging to each state that provide people with
livelihood. Kutchahousesare found in the villagesandpucca housesin towns and cities. In Assam,
people build wooden houses on stilts because of
frequent floods.
l h h l
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Cloths The People Wear In
Northern plains
Womenin the Northern Plains wear sarees, salwar-
kameez, churidar-kurta and lehnga-kurta. Menwear kurta-pyjama, lungi-kurta, dhoti-kurta or
trousers with shirt.
In Assam, womenwear traditional long skirtscalled mekhalawith ariha and a shawl
called chadar.
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Flora
Haryanahas a forest covered landof about 3.5 per
cent of the total area of India. A thorny dry deciduou
forest Like.. pine and thorny shrubs can be found all
over the state. Chief trees are Babul , Khair , Neem ,
Mango , Java Plum , Imli , Banyan , Sagwan or Teak,
Ber or Indian Jujube , Mitha Jal or Pillu, Semul, Khejri, Amla, Dhak , mulberry, eucalyptus, Guava, pine and
poplar trees in haryana forest.
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Fauna Leopard
Jungle Cat
Mammals
King Fisher
Purple SunbirdColorful Birds
Krait
PhoosraSnakes
Kirla
SandaLizards
Indian bull frog
Indian cricket frogFrogs
Chunni
BataFishes
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Wildlife parks and reserves
Corbett National Park
Dachigam National Park
Great Himalayan National Park
Desert National Park
Kanha National Park
Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary
Dudhwa National Park
Ranthambhore National Park
Kalesar National Park
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Holy Places Of Northern Plains
The largest Hindu temple in India, Akshardham Temple.
The largest mosque, Jama Masjid are both located in this region.
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Photo Gallery - 1
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Photo Gallery - 2
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Photo Gallery - 3
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Photo Gallery - 4
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The Peninsular Plateau
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The Peninsular PlateauName
The Great CountryKnown as Central and Southern
India
Location
Rich in MineralsFeatures
600 to 900 mHeight
Eastern and Western
Ghats
Ghats
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Introduction
The Peninsular Plateau are located towards the
south of the northern plains. It is formed due to
the breaking and drifting of Gondwana land. It is roughly triangular in shape.
It is the oldest structure of Indian Subcontinent.
The peninsular plateau is the tableland composedof the old crystalline, igneous and metamorphic
rocks.
Th l t b dl di id d
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The plateau are broadly divided
into two :-
The Deccan Plateau
The Central Highlands
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The Deccan Plateau
The Deccan Plateauis a large plateau in India,
making up the majority of the southern part of the
country. It rises a hundred meters high in the north,
rising further to more than a kilometer high in thesouth, forming a raised triangle nested within the
familiar downward-pointing triangle of the Indian
subcontinent's coastline.
The name Deccanis an anglicised form of
the Prakrit word dakkhin, itself derived from the
Sanskrit word dkia, meaning "south".
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People of The Deccan Plateau
Bhil and Gond people live in the hills along thenorthern and northeastern edges of the plateau,
and speak various languages that belong to both
the Indo-European and Dravidian families oflanguages. Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language, is the
main language of the north-western portion of the
Deccan plateau in the state of Maharashtra. Tamil is
the main language of Tamil Nadu to the south of
the plateau, and Malayalam that of the hills and
coast to the south-west, in the state of Kerala. The
city of Hyderabad is an important centre of Urdu.
Th C t l Hi hl d
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The Central Highlands
The Central Highlands in India are composed of
three main plateaus, namely the Malwa plateau,Deccan Plateau and Chota Nagpur Plateau. The
Malwa Plateau in the west, Deccan Plateau in the
south and Chota Nagpur Plateau in the east are themost important regions of Indian subcontinent and
the central highlands in India. Malwa Plateau is
located in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.
The average altitude of the Malwa plateau is 500
mts. The Chambal River and its tributaries drain
most of the region,upper reaches of the Mahi River
drain the western part.
Western Ghats
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Western Ghats
The Western Ghats also known as the Sahyadri
Mountains, is a mountain range along the westernside of India. It runs north to south along the
western edge of the Deccan Plateau, and separates
the plateau from a narrow coastal plain alongArabian Sea. The Western Ghats block rainfall to the
Deccan Plateau. The range starts near the border
of Gujarat and Maharashtra, south of the River
Tapti, and runs approx 1600 km through the states
of Maharashtra , Goa , Karnataka , Tamil
Nadu and Kerala ending at Kanyakumari, at the
southern tip of India.
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Western Ghats - 2
These hills cover 1,60,000 km and form the
catchment area for a complex of river systems that
drain almost 40% of India. The average elevation is
around 1,200 meters (3,900 ft).The area is one ofthe worlds ten "Hottestbiodiversity hotspots" and
has over 5000 species of flowering plants, 139
mammal species, 508 bird species and 179amphibian species. At least 325
globally threatened species occur in the Western
Ghats.
W t Gh t Cli t
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Western Ghats - Climate Climate in the Western Ghats varies with altitudinal
gradation and distance from the equator. Theclimate is humid and tropical in the lower reaches
tempered by the proximity to the sea. Elevations
of 1,500 m (4,921 ft) and above in the northand 2,000 m (6,562 ft) and above in the south have
a more temperate climate. Average annual
temperature here are around 15 C (60 F). In some
parts frost is common, and temperatures touch the
freezing point during the winter months. Mean
temperature range from 20 C (68 F) in the south
to 24 C (75 F) in the north.
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Eastern Ghats
The Eastern Ghatsare a discontinuous range ofmountains along Indian eastern coast. The Eastern
Ghats run from West Bengal state in the north,
through Orissa and Andhra Pradesh to Tami Nadu in
the south passing some parts of Karnataka. They are
eroded and cut through by the four major rivers of
southern India, the Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna,
and Kaveri. The mountain ranges run parallel tothe Bay of Bengal. The Deccan Plateau lies to the
west of the range, between the Eastern Ghats
and Western Ghats
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The Chotanagpur Plateau
The Chota Nagpur Plateauis a plateau in eastern
India, which covers much of Jharkhand state as well
as adjacent parts of Orissa, West
Bengal, Bihar and Chhattisgarh. The Indo-Gangeticplain lies to the north and east of the plateau, and
the basin of theMahanadi River lies to the south.
The total area of the Chota Nagpur Plateau isapproximately 65,000 square kilometers (25,000
sq mi).
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Climate of Chota nagpur Plateau
The Chota Nagpur Plateau has an attractive climate.The mean temperature in December is 73 F (23 C).
The nights are cool and temperatures in winter may
drop below freezing point in many places. In Apriland May the day temperature may cross 100 F
(38 C) but it is very dry and not sultry as in the
adjacent plains. The Chota Nagpur Plateau receives
an annual average rainfall of around 1400 mm,
which is less than the rainforested areas of much of
India and almost all of it in the monsoon months
between June and August.
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Famous Plateaus and Hills
Plateaus
Chota Nagpur
KarbiAnglong
Malwa
Meghalaya Plateau
Hills
Jaintia
Khasi
Garo
Ooty
Anai Mudi (2,695 m)
Doda Betta(2,635 m)
Mahendragiri(1,501 m)
Shevroy
Javadi
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Photo Gallery - 1
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Photo Gallery - 2
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Photo Gallery - 3
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Photo Gallery - 4
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Photo Gallery - 5
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The Indian Desert
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The Thar DesertName
The Great Indian DesertKnown as
Northwest IndiaLocation
Between India andPakistan
Boundary
200,000 km2
Area
RajasthanState
J i
C it l
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JaipurCapital
Jaipuri ,Marwari,MalwiLanguageHindu, Muslim, SikhsPeople
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Introduction
The Thar Desert also known as the Great Indian Desert, isa large, arid region in the northwestern part of the Indiansubcontinent and forms a natural boundary running alongthe border between India and Pakistan. With an area of
more than 200,000 km2(77,000 sq mi), it is theworld's 9thlargest subtropical desert.
It lies mostly in the Indian State of Rajasthan, and extendsinto the southern portion of Haryana and Punjab statesand into northern Gujarat state. In Pakistan, the desertcovers eastern Sindh province and the southeasternportion of Pakistan's Punjab province. The CholistanDesert adjoins the Thar desert spreading into PakistaniPunjab province.
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Origin of Desert
The origin of the Thar Desert is a controversial subject. Someconsider it to be 4000 to 1,000,000 years old, whereas othersstate that aridity started in this region much earlier.Another theory states that area turned to desert relativelyrecently: perhaps around 2000 - 1500 BC. Around this timethe Ghaggar ceased to be a major river. It now terminates inthe desert but at one time was a watersource for the IndusValley Civilization centre of Mohenjo-daro.It has been observed through remote sensing techniques thatLate Quaternary climatic changes and neotectonics haveplayed a significant role in modifying the drainage courses inthis part and a large number of palaeochannels exist.
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Location of Thar Desert
In India the Thar Desert extends from the Sutlej River,surrounded by the Aravalli Range on the east, on thesouth by the salt marsh known as the Rann of Kutch,and on the west by the Indus River. Its boundary to thelarge thorny steppe to the north is ill-defined, about3/5thof the total geographical area of the State.In Pakistan, the desert covers the eastern Sindhprovince and the southeastern portion ofPakistan's Punjab province. The Tharparkar District isone of the major parts of the desertarea. Tharparkar consists of two words: Thar meansdesert while Parkar stands for the other side.
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Location of Thar Desert - 2
Years back, it was known as Thar and Parkar butsubsequently became just one word Tharparkarfor the two distinct parts of Sindh province. On
the western side, Parkar is the irrigated areawhereas Thar, the eastern part, is known as thelargest desert of Pakistan.Rainfall in the area is very low, from 100-500mm
per year, all falling between July and September,and the climate is harsh with temperaturesranging from near freezing up to 50C.
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Natural Vegetation
The natural vegetation of this dry area is
classed as Northern Desert Thorn
Forest occurring in small clumps scattered
more or less openly. Density and size ofpatches increase from west to east following
the increase in rainfall. Natural vegetation of
Thar Desert is composed of followingtree, shrub and herb species.
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Tree Species Types:-
Tree Species
Small trees and shrubs
Herbs and Grassess
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Threats and Preservation
There are eleven national parks in the Thar
desert area, the largest of which are the Nara
Desert Wildlife Sanctuary and the Rann of
Kutch.
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Agriculture
The Thar is one of most heavily-populateddesert areas in the world and the mainoccupations of people living hereare agriculture and animal husbandry.
Agriculture is not a dependable proposition inthis areaafter the rainy season, at least 33%of crops fail. Animal husbandry, trees andgrasses, intercropped with vegetables or fruittrees, is the most viable model for arid,drought-prone regions.
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People
The Thar Desert is mainly inhabited by Hindus,
Muslims, and Sikhs. The portion in Pakistan is
inhabited by primarily by Sindhis and Kolhis. A
colourful culture rich in tradition prevails inthe desert. The people have a great passion
for folk music and folk poetry.
About 40% of the total population ofRajasthan state live in the Thar desert.
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Photo Gallery - 1
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Photo Gallery - 2
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Photo Gallery - 3
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Photo Gallery - 4
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The Coastal Plains
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The Coastal plainName
South, East, North IndiaLocation
1000mm to 3000mmRainfall (East)
2000mmRainfall(West)
RajasthanState
d i f C
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Introduction of Western Coast
The Western Coastal Plainsis a thin strip ofcoastal plain 50 km in width between the west
coast of India and the Western Ghats hills
which starts near the south of river Tapi. Theyare sandwiched between the Western
Ghats and the Arabian Sea. The plains begin
at Gujarat in the north and end at Kerala inthe south. It also includes the states
of Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka.
Climate of Western Coast
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Climate of Western Coast
The climate varies between tropical wet, tropicalwet and dry, and semi arid. The coastal regions
experience little seasonal variations although the
temperatures range between 20C to38C. Mumbai and northern Konkan regions
experience cooler winters with minimum
temperatures hovering around 12 C. Interior
Maharashtra experiences hot summers withmaximum temperatures averaging 40C and mild
winters with minimum temperatures averaging
about 10C. Gujarat have the same.
I t d ti f E t C t
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Introduction of Eastern Coast
The Eastern Coastal Plainsrefer to a wide
stretch of landmass of India, lying between
the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. Itstretches from Tamil Nadu in the south
to West Bengal in the north.
Deltas of many of India's rivers form a majorportion of these plains.
Cli f E C
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Climate of Eastern Coast
The Mahanadi, Godavari, Kaveri and Krishna rivers
drain these plains. The region receives both the
Northeast and Southwest monsoon rains with itsannual rainfall averaging between 1,000 mm (40 in)
and 3,000 mm (120 in). The width of the plains
varies between 100 to 130 km (62 to 80 miles).
It is locally known as Northern
Circarsbetween Mahanadiand Krishnarivers
and Carnaticbetween Krishnaand Kaveririvers.
Parts of Coastal Plains
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Parts of Coastal Plains
It consists of three sections. The Northern part
of the coast is called the Konkan while the
southern stretch is referred to as the MalabarCoast and southern part is known Coromandel
coast. On its northern side there are two gulfs:
the gulf of Khambat and the gulf of Kachch.
Konkan Coast
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Konkan Coast
The Konkan also called the Konkan
Coastor Karavali, is a rugged section of the western
coastline of India from Raigad to Mangalore.
The sapta-Konkanis a slightly larger region
described in the Skanda-purana. Residents of
Konkan and their descendants are called Konkanis.
The name may also refer specifically to the Konkanipeople, ethnic group of the region; most of whom
speak the Konkani language.
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Coromandel Coast
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Coromandel Coast
The Coromandel Coastis the name given to the
southeastern coast of the Indian Subcontinentbetween Cape Comorin and False Divi Point. It
may also include the southeastern coast of the
island of Sri Lanka.
Khambhat A Gulf
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KhambhatA Gulf
Khambhat, formerly known as Cambay, is a city
and a municipality in Anand district in
the Indian state of Gujarat. It was formerly an
important trading center, although its harbour hasgradually silted up, and the maritime trade has
moved elsewhere. Khambhat lies on an alluvial
plain at the north end of the Gulf of Khambhat,which is noted for the extreme rise and fall of
its tides, which can vary as much as thirty feet in
the vicinity of Khambhat.
K h h A G lf
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KachchA Gulf
Kutch districtis district of Gujarat state in
western India. Covering an area of 45,612 km, it is
the largest district of India. Kachchh literally means something which
intermittently becomes wet and dry; a large part of
this district is known as Rann of Kachchh which isshallow wetland which submerges in water during
the rainy season and becomes dry during other
seasons.
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Photo Gallery - 1
Photo Gallery 2
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The Islands
The Andaman &Name
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Nicobar IslandName
Bay of BengalLocation
Port BlairCapital
Hindi ,Telugu ,Bengali,Tamil ,Malayalam
Language
Malabar 2007Known as
India Southern CostBoundary
8,249 sq.kmArea
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8,249 sq.kmArea
Introduction
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Introduction
The Andaman and Nicobar island the territory is locatedgeographically 150km [93 mi] north of Aceh in Indonesiaand separated form Thailand and Burma by theAndaman Sea. It comprises two island groups, theAndaman Island and the Nicobar Island, separated by the
10N parallel , with the Andaman to the north of thislatitude , and the Nicobar to the south. The Andaman Sealies to the east and the Bay of Bengal to the west.
The territory s capital is the Andamanese town of PortBlair . The territory s population as per the most recent(2011) Census of India was 379,944 . Added together , thetotal land area of the territory is approximately 6,496 km(2,508 sq mi ).
The Andaman and Nicobar Island is
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divided into two broad categories :-
The Andaman in the north.
The Nicobar in the south.
The Andaman and Nicobar Island
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The Andaman and Nicobar Island
This island are bigger in size and are more
numerous and scattered.
It is believed that these islands are an elevatedportion of submarine mountains.
These island lie close to equator and experience
equatorial climate and has thick forest cover. The coastal region and island group provide sites
for fishing and port activities.
Climate of Andaman and Nicobar
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Island
The climate of the Andaman and Nicobar Island istropical but is moderated by sea breezes.Temperatures typically rise form the low 70s F (about
23C) into the mid-80s F(about 30C) daily throughoutthe year. The territory receives roughly 120 inches(3,000 mm) of rain annually , brought mainly by thesouthwest monsoon, which blows form May to
September, and by the tropical cyclones that follow inoctober and November. In the Nicobars, Great Nicobarreceives considerably more rain than the otherisland.
Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Island
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Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Island
Andaman & Nicobar Island areblessed with a unique tropical
rainforest canopy, made of a mixed
flora with elements form indian,Myanmarese , Malaysian and
endemic floral strains. So far, about
2,200 varieties of plant have beenrecorded, out of which 200 are
endemic and 1,300 do not occur in
mainland India.
Fauna of Andaman and Nicobar Island
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Fauna of Andaman and Nicobar Island
These islands because some like turbo, trochus& nautilus etc. are used as novelties
supporting many cottage industries producinga wide range of decorative items &ornaments. Shells such as giant clam, greenmussel and oyster support edible shell fishery
a few like scallop , clam , and cockle are burntin kilns to produce edible lime like mammals,butterflies , moths , shells , univalve , octopus,squid , nautilus , fish.
Economy of Andaman and Nicobar
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Island
The union territory of Andaman andNicobar Island has a vast forest resource
base with 7,171 sq km of the total area of
island covered by forest a large variety oftimber is found in the Andaman group of
island.
The island have reported the occurrence of
diatomaceous earth , gold , limestone ,
nickel , selenite and sulphur. The oil and
natural gas commission is continuing the
exploration for oil and gas there.
The origin of Andaman and Nicobar
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Island
The Andaman and Nicobar island have beeninhabited for several thousand years, at the veryleast. The earlier archaeological evidence yet
documented goes back some 2,200 years, theindications form genetic , cultural and linguisticisolation studies point to habitation going back30,000 to 60,000 years , well into the middlepaleolithic. Mythologically the name Andaman ispresumed to be derived from hanuman , themonkey god , who was known to the malayalis as
handuman
Length and Breadth of Andaman &
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Nicobar Island
Length and Breadth of Andaman Island
Total Length 467kms
Maximum Width 52kms
Average Width 24kms
Length and Breadth of Nicobar Island
Total Length 259kms
Maximum Width 58kms
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Photo Gallery 3
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Photo Gallery 4
Photo Gallery-5
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Maps
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Maps
The Himalaya Mountains
The Northern Plains
The Indian Desert
All Physical Features of India
MAPS ARE HYPERLINKED.
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