physical, chemical, and biological responses to inflow events in the san antonio bay system stephen...
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![Page 1: Physical, Chemical, and Biological Responses to Inflow Events in the San Antonio Bay System Stephen E. Davis, III co-PIs: Dan Roelke (TAMU) and Doug Slack](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061610/56649eeb5503460f94bfc5d2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Responses to Inflow Events in the
San Antonio Bay System
Stephen E. Davis, III
co-PIs: Dan Roelke (TAMU) and Doug Slack (TAMU)
Graduate students: Bryan Allison, Tim Assal, Rachel Butzler, George Gable, David Hoeinghaus, Hsiu-Ping Li, Carrie Miller, Jose-Vicente Montoya
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Why study inflows to estuaries?
George Ward (UT)
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Why study inflows to estuaries?
INFLOWS
inundation
salinity
FLORA
CO
NS
UM
ER
S
Conceptual framework for estuarine research…and TexEMP modelling (TWDB and TPWD)
How much inflow does a given estuary need? When? For how long? How often?
materials
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Why study inflows to estuaries?
From 2002 State Water Plan
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Why study multiple scales in estuaries?
Spatial Scales of Consideration
• Sites of interaction between Watershed-level processes and oceanographic processes
– Regional climate
– Tides
– Watershed development
• Estuarine zonation
– Tide/elevation
• sub-tidal to high inter-tidal
– Freshwater inflow/flushing
• oliogohaline to polyhaline
http://tx.usgs.gov/basins.html
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Why study multiple scales in estuaries?
Temporal Scales of Consideration
• Inter-annual variability
– ENSO forcing
– Disturbance regime
– Watershed development
• Intra-annual variability
– Hydrodynamics
• Anthropogenic effects
• Diurnal and spring/neap
• Wind forcing, storm effects
– Freshwater inflow/flushing
• Seasonal climate
How to characterize?
• Number of pulses
• Magnitude of pulses
• Duration of pulses
• Period between pulses
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Marsh Studies1. Water quality2. Hydrodynamics3. Vegetation & soils 4. Marsh inundation5. Food Web patterns
Guadalupe Estuary
Lower Guadalupe River1. Discharge and
stage (USGS gauge)
2. Nutrient and TSS Loadings
Open Water/Bays1. Dataflow mapping2. Water quality/
nutrients3. Lower food web
dynamics
Seadrift gauge(TCOON)
GBRA #1 gauge(TCOON)
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Whooping cranes at ANWR
Photo by Kristin LaFever
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ANWR Creek and Marsh sampling sites
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Spatio-temporal varaibility in creek salinity
OCT/NOV 2003 JUL 2004FEB 2004
salin
ity (
‰)
JUN/JUL 2003
Boat Ramp
Pump Canal
Sundown Bay2-week salinity snapshots at three sites
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ANWR tidal creek salinity June 2003–May 2005
“average” year
wet year
Boat Ramp
Pump Canal
Sundown Bay
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Seasonal Salinity at Pump Canal June 2003–May 2005
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0
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Nov-
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Feb-
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Feb-
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Mar-
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Apr-
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May-
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Guadalupe River discharge @ Victoria (cfs)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Salinity
Discharge Boat Ramp salinity
Do Guadalupe River inflows affect ANWR creek salinity?
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Do Guadalupe River inflows affect ANWR creek salinity?
YES, but other factors are also at work.
including: upland runoff, direct precipitation, groundwater exchange, wind forcing, tides, barge traffic, etc.
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Dataflow in Action
Measures: LAT/LONG, Temperature, Conductivity/Salinity, Transmittance, Chlorophyll a, CDOM, Depth, and PAR
At approximately 8 second intervals from a vessel running at 20 kts.
pumpbox
ram
de-bubbler
GPS/depth
datalogger
temp/cond
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Tracking responses to Guadalupe River inflow events using Dataflow
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Quantifying hydrologic connectivity across the marsh
tidal creek
ponds
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Inferring connectivity using paired water level recorders
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Predicting creek hydrodynamics AND marsh inundation
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Understanding anthropogenic impacts
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Seasonal dynamics of wolfberryN
um
be
r o
f b
err
ies
93% 98% Whooping cranes
2003 2004
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BR Marsh Vegetation
0
4
8
12
16
20
-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5
delta_13C
delta_15N
Algae
Borrichia
Batis
WolfberryWhite Aster
Carax
Salicornia
C3 succulents
Spartina
Distictlis
C4 grasses
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BR Channel
0
4
8
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16
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-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5
delta_13C
delta_15N
LadyfishSpot
Brown ShrimpBlue Crab
Ruppia
Southern Flounder
Inland Silverside
Hardhead
Black Drum
Gizzard ShadMullet
Pinfish
Red Drum
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BR Connected Pond
0
4
8
12
16
20
-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5
delta_13C
delta_15N Mullet
Ladyfish
Spot
Ruppia
Brown Shrimp
PinfishBlack Drum
Blue Crab
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BR Isolated Pond
0
4
8
12
16
20
-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5
delta_13C
delta_15N
Algae
Floc
Brown Shrimp
Blue Crab
Inland Silverside
Ladyfish
Sailfin Molly
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Plankton incubation chamber array
flow-through phytoplankton reaction chambers
peristaltic pump
media reservoir
temperature control bath
light box with 3 chambers
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Zooplankton (bio-volume) and Phytoplankton (fluorescence) response to continuous vs. pulsed mode of
delivery under different hydrologic flushing rates
Fluorescence (Integrated)
0
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14
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
Flushing (d-1)
Integrated Fluorescence
Continuous
Pulsed
Zooplankton (Integrated)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
Flushing (d-1)
Integrated Zooplankton
Continuous
Pulsed
Mean annual flushing
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What have we learned thus far?
1. Large pulses affect water levels/connectivity, BUT other
factors are more important during median flows.• Connectivity affects food web patterns
2. River inflows drive bay-wide water quality, BUT other
factors may be equally important in ANWR tidal creeks.• Entire lagoonal estuary can be fresh
3. Marsh vegetation is sensitive to intra-annual variations
in inundation and salinity.• Greenhouse studies
4. Water column mostly net autotrophic
5. Phytoplankton and zooplankton show positive response
to pulsed inflows.
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Funding for TX estuarine inflow research
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On-line Access To Data (http://wfsc.tamu.edu/davislab)
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On-line Access To Data (http://wfsc.tamu.edu/davislab)
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On-line Access To Data (http://wfsc.tamu.edu/davislab)
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On-line Access To Data (http://wfsc.tamu.edu/davislab)