Phylum PoriferaPhylum Porifera

Phylum PoriferaPhylum Porifera

The word porifera originates from Latin The word porifera originates from Latin and refers to the organism having a and refers to the organism having a body full of _____. It literally means body full of _____. It literally means "pore bodied" or "pore bearer.""pore bodied" or "pore bearer."

Phylum PoriferaPhylum Porifera

Characteristics of SpongesCharacteristics of Sponges 1. Sessile asymmetrical organisms1. Sessile asymmetrical organisms 2. Have no tissues, organs or organ 2. Have no tissues, organs or organ

systemssystems 3. Composed of two cell layers3. Composed of two cell layers 4. Have specialized support structures4. Have specialized support structures 5. Reproduce sexually and asexually5. Reproduce sexually and asexually 6. Feed by filter feeding6. Feed by filter feeding

Phylum PoriferaPhylum Porifera

1.1. Sessile Asymmetrical OrganismsSessile Asymmetrical Organisms Sponges are ________ (not motile). Sponges are ________ (not motile).

This means that they do This means that they do not move around. Sponges not move around. Sponges live in groups called________live in groups called________attached to rocks, coral, or sand, attached to rocks, coral, or sand, and are usually found in shallow and are usually found in shallow seas. seas.

Sponges are _____________(no Sponges are _____________(no symmetry) or have ______ symmetry. symmetry) or have ______ symmetry. They may be a wide range of colors, They may be a wide range of colors, sizes, and shapes.sizes, and shapes.

Phylum PoriferaPhylum Porifera

2. No Tissues, Organs, or Organ Systems2. No Tissues, Organs, or Organ Systems

The body of a sponge has the _______ The body of a sponge has the _______ possible body structure. Their cells are possible body structure. Their cells are not arranged to form tissues and organs.not arranged to form tissues and organs.

Sponges have a simple vase or basket-Sponges have a simple vase or basket-shaped body arranged around a ______ shaped body arranged around a ______ center. center.

Phylum PoriferaPhylum Porifera

3. Composed of two cell layers3. Composed of two cell layers

Sponges are composed of ___ basic cell Sponges are composed of ___ basic cell layers. They have no ______ (acoelomate). layers. They have no ______ (acoelomate). These two layers are composed of These two layers are composed of specialized cells with specific functions: specialized cells with specific functions:

PinacocytesPinacocytes AmoebocytesAmoebocytes Pore CellsPore Cells Collar CellsCollar Cells

Phylum PoriferaPhylum Porifera

PinacocytesPinacocytes compose the ________ of compose the ________ of a sponge and control the surface a sponge and control the surface area by contractionarea by contraction

Phylum PoriferaPhylum Porifera

AmoebocytesAmoebocytes are capable of are capable of changing ______. It actually moves changing ______. It actually moves around the sponge through the jelly-around the sponge through the jelly-like substance located between the like substance located between the _________ and the_________ and the

_______._______.

Phylum PoriferaPhylum Porifera

Pore cellsPore cells _______the thousands of _______the thousands of pores that cover the body of a pores that cover the body of a sponge. The pore cells _______ the sponge. The pore cells _______ the flow of water and materials through flow of water and materials through the pores.the pores.

Phylum PoriferaPhylum Porifera Collar cellsCollar cells line the ______ of the line the ______ of the

sponge and contain ________ that sponge and contain ________ that beat and produce water flow through beat and produce water flow through the sponge.the sponge.

Phylum PoriferaPhylum Porifera

4. Have specialized support structures4. Have specialized support structures _______ support the sponge and keep it from _______ support the sponge and keep it from

collapsing. They are tough spikes which collapsing. They are tough spikes which contain chemicals. Some spicules are contain chemicals. Some spicules are composed ofcomposed of

______________, the same material found in ______________, the same material found in the shells of mollusks. Other spicules are the shells of mollusks. Other spicules are composed of _____________ which is the composed of _____________ which is the substance from which glass is formed.substance from which glass is formed.

_______ is a flexible network for internal _______ is a flexible network for internal support. It is primarily _______ in composition support. It is primarily _______ in composition and is both firm yet softand is both firm yet soft..

Phylum PoriferaPhylum Porifera

5. Reproduce Sexually and Asexually5. Reproduce Sexually and Asexually Sponges may reproduce by_______________ which is a type Sponges may reproduce by_______________ which is a type

of asexual reproduction that allows a sponge to replace a of asexual reproduction that allows a sponge to replace a portion of its body. Fragmentation is a type of regeneration portion of its body. Fragmentation is a type of regeneration that allows a sponge to grow an entire new body from a that allows a sponge to grow an entire new body from a fragment of the original.fragment of the original.

If we were to separate a sponge into individual cells by If we were to separate a sponge into individual cells by forcing it through a fine sieve, the cells would move around forcing it through a fine sieve, the cells would move around until they formed clumps and reformed into several new until they formed clumps and reformed into several new sponges. sponges.

Most sponges are_________________ or animals that have Most sponges are_________________ or animals that have both male and female reproductive characteristics.both male and female reproductive characteristics.

Phylum PoriferaPhylum Porifera

6. Feed By Filter Feeding6. Feed By Filter Feeding Because sponges are sessile, they do not Because sponges are sessile, they do not

actively seek out their food. Ocean actively seek out their food. Ocean currents bring the food to the sponge.currents bring the food to the sponge.

The sponge feeds by drawing _________ The sponge feeds by drawing _________ water through the incurrent pores and by water through the incurrent pores and by ______ out the nutrients. The water leaves ______ out the nutrients. The water leaves the sponge through the _______, a large the sponge through the _______, a large opening at the top of the sponge.opening at the top of the sponge.