phylum cnidaria -...
TRANSCRIPT
Phylum Cnidaria
Classification
• Class Scyphozoa – Jellyfish
• Class Anthozoa – Sea Anemones & Corals
• Class Hydrozoa - Hydra
General Characteristics
• Stinging tentacles
– Arranged in ring around mouth
• Saclike digestive tract
• Radial symmetry
• Nerve net
– One part stimulated, all parts respond
Class Scyphozoa—the jellies
Class Scyphozoa
• Medusa and polyp body forms
• Body composed of epidermis, mesoglea,
& gastrodermis
• Considered plankton
• Limited locomotion
– Contraction of muscular ring around medusa
• Gas exchange occurs by diffusion
Sea Nettles Video
Monterey Bay Aquarium
Feeding
• Tentacles covered in stinging cells called cnidoblasts– Contain nematocysts
• Coiled threaded with barbs
• Discharged when mechanically and chemically triggered
• Most barbs contain paralyzing toxin
• Once discharged, cannot be reused
– Tentacles pull food to mouth
– Food enters gastrovascular cavity
– Enzymes secreted; extra and intracellular
– Waste expelled out mouth
Feeding (cont.)
• Sticky mucus on medusa also used to
catch food
– Food sticks to surface
– Ciliated cells move it to the mouth
Moon jelly
The moon jelly has one of the weakest
stings of any jellyfish. These jellies trap
much of their food on the sticky mucus
covering their bell, then transport it to
their tentacle
• sexual and asexual phases
Lion's Mane jelly
Not only the largest of all jellies but with tentacles that can reach over 100 feet, the lion's mane jelly is the longestanimal on earth! Not all reach this size but even the small ones pack a powerful sting!
Crystal jelly
These seemingly harmless
creatures can open their mouths
wide enough to swallow jellies
half their size. They light up
when disturbed. People harvest
them for the chemicals that
make them glow.
7 ft.
120 ft.
Box Jelly (Sea Wasp)
Found in shallow waters of
N. Australia during summer
months of Oct.- Aug.
5 to 25 cm across, with four
groups of up to 15 tentacles.
Venom from a single
creature can kill up to 60
adults. Get stung by one
and you have from 30 sec. to
4 min. to get help or die!
Class Anthozoa—Sea Anemones &
Corals
Adult polyp stage only
• Sessile (limited
movement)
Sea Anemone
• Some symbiotic relationships--mutualism
– Sea anemone and clown fish
– Coral and algae
Life cycle
• Asexually
– Some split in half
– Regenerate base pieces
– Budding
• Sexually
– External fertilization in water
– Internal fertilization
• Sperm released out of males mouth
• Enters female and absorbed into ovary
• Larvae released into water by female
zooxanthalle algae
Class Hydrozoa• Hydroids
• Intertidal and subtidal areas
• Some independent
• Some colonial - many polyps working together as a single organism
• Can also have medusa forms, although polyp form is dominant
• Some grow on and coat other ocean animals
Hydractinia echinata Hydra oligactis Portuguese Man-of-War
Portuguese Man-of-War
• Hydroid colony
• Tentacles with stinging cells several meters
• Four different polyps make up organism
– The float (pneumatophore) is a single individual
and supports the rest of the colony.
– The tentacles (dactylozooids) are polyps
concerned with the detection and capture of food
– Digestive polyps (gastrozooids) break down the
food.
– Reproduction is carried out by the gonozooids.
Portuguese Man-O-War
are eaten by sea turtles
(loggerheads and
leatherbacks), and some
fish have symbiotic
relationships with the
Man-O-War, living among
the tentacles
Obelia
• Polyp colonies
• Dominant asexual
polyp stage, but also
has medusa stage
Phylum Ctenophora(sometimes confused with Jellyfish)
• Comb jellies
• 8 rows of fused cili (combs) for movement
and feeding
• One species has nematocysts on
tentacles
• Float near surface
• Bioluminescent
Sea Gooseberry
When is a jelly not a jelly at all? When it is a comb
jelly. Comb jellies are ctenophores, with rows of
iridescent combs instead of stinging tentacles.
Gooseberries also have two long tentacles for
capturing prey.
Comb Jelly