PHRASEA group of two or more grammatically linked words that do not have subject and predicate is a phrase.Example : Excellent idea. Great job.

There are eight different kinds of phrases:1. Noun phrase.

Example : My sister’s room is full of dolls. (NP)2.Verb phrase. Example : Mom is making cakes. (VP)3. Prepositional phrase Example : Rose threw Tom’s golf clubs through the window and onto the lawn.

4. Infinitive phrase Example : The officer returned to help the inspectors.5. Participial phrase Example : Stumbling over the junk, I decided to clean

up the garage.6. Appositive phrase Example : Diana’s mother, owner of a rattlesnake

ranch in Arizona, told Sue to change the locks on the door.

7. Absolute phrase Example : His fiction-writing skill at last perfected to

his satisfaction, Tom knew his next novel would be a bestseller.

CLAUSEA group of words that contains a subject and a predicate.Example : The girl is nice. He washes the car.

TYPES OF CLAUSES

INDEPENDENT CLAUSE Independent clause is a clause that can stand by itself.  independent clauses can be joined by using a semicolon or a comma plus a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).• And : Women follow more healthful diets, and they go to doctors more often.• But : Ram likes tea, but Anthony likes coffee.• So : I want to work as an interpreter in the future, so I am studying Russian at university.

For : He didn’t come to school for yesterday was raining.

Nor : The president will not come to the world climate changing meeting, nor will he come to another meeting.

Yet : It was sunny, yet people were indoor.

DEPENDENT CLAUSEDependent Clause is clause that can’t stand alone. It used be connected to an independent clause. There are 3 types of dependent clause :1.Adjective clause : is a dependent clause that modifies a noun.  It is possible to combine the following two sentences to form one sentence containing an adjective clause Example : Last year we traveled to San Francisco, which is famous for its architecture.

2. Adverbial clause : is a clause that functions as an adverb. In other words, it contains subject and predicate, and it modifies a verb.

Example : When he won the money, he decided to buy a

car.

3. Noun clause : Dependent clause that function as noun.

Example : We don't know who will be coming from the

employment agency.

SENTENCESentence is a grammatically complete series of words at least consist of a subject and predicate.There are 4 types of sentences :1. Simple sentence, is a sentence structure that contains one independent clause and no dependent clauses.

example : The baby cried.

2. Compound sentence, is composed of at least two independent clauses. The clauses are joined by a coordinating conjunction.

Example : Mom went to the store, and my sister went

to the office.3. Complex sentence, is a sentence with one

independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

Example : That's the man who bought our house.

4. Complex-Compound sentence contains at least one dependent clause and more than one independent clause. The clauses are connected by both conjunctions.

Example : The town where I grew up is in the United

States.