photosynthesis power point notes

8/2/2019 Photosynthesis Power Point Notes

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Photosynthesis


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Energy

Thermodynamics study of theflow and transformation of

energy in the universe. Law 1 law of conservation ofenergy energy cannot becreated nor destroyed.

Law 2 of Thermodynamics energy cannot be convertedwithout the loss of usable energy. For example the food chain, energy

decreases


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Autotrophs Organisms that useenergy from sunlight orother inorganic

substances to makeorganic compounds

Heterotrophs Organisms that rely onconsuming organiccompounds that can be

converted into energy.
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6CO2 + 6H2O + LIGHT C6H12O6 + 6O2

CARBON WATER ENERGY 6-CARBON OXYGEN

DIOXIDE SUGAR GAS

Plants are the only photosynthetic

organisms to have leaves (and not allplants have leaves). A leaf may be viewedas a solar collector crammed full ofphotosynthetic cells.

The raw materials of photosynthesis, waterand carbon dioxide, enter the cells of theleaf, and the products of photosynthesis,sugar and oxygen, leave the leaf.
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Process by which green plants and some

bacteria manufacture carbohydrates from

water and atmospheric carbon dioxide, using

the energy of sunlight. Photosynthesis

depends on the ability of chlorophyll

molecules within plant cells to trap the

energy of light.
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ATP, adenosine triphosphate is the primary source of energy required for all living cells. Energy is produced when ATP loses a phosphate molecule,

and is reduced to adenosine diphosphate (ADP).

ATP animation
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The Process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS CAN BE SUMMARIZED BY THE FOLLOWING EQUATION:

6CO2 + 6H2O + LIGHT C6H12O6 + 6O2

CARBON WATER ENERGY 6-CARBON OXYGEN

DIOXIDE SUGAR GAS


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Stage one, Light Energy is absorbed.

Light reactions reactions where light energy is

converted to chemical energy

Chlorophyll absorbs mostly blue and red light and

reflect green and yellow2 types of chlorophyll chlorophyll a and chlorophyll

b

Carotenoids pigments that produce yellow and

orange fall leaf colors, as well as, colors of fruits and

vegetables.


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The Carotenoids in Green Leaves are usually masked by Chlorophylls

until Autumn when Chlorophylls break down
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NADPH

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

phosphate that serves as an electron carrier.

NADPH and ATP are used to synthesize

organic molecules from CO2.

Another important aspect of energy

Changes from NADPH (electron full) to

NADP+ (empty) and in reverse.
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The Process of Photosynthesis does NOT Happen all at Once;rather it occurs in THREE STAGES: STAGE 1 Called the LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS.

Energy is Captured from Sunlight.

Water is Split into Hydrogen Ions, Electrons, and Oxygen. STAGE 2 - The Light Energy is Converted to Chemical Energy,

which is temporarily stored in ATP and NADPH.

STAGE 3 - CALLED THE CALVIN CYCLE. The Chemical

Energy Stored in ATP and NADPH powers the formation of Organic

Compounds (Sugars), using Carbon Dioxide, CO2.


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Light Reactions

In the Light Dependent Processes (Light Reactions)light strikes chlorophyll a in such a way as to excite

electrons to a higher energy state. Water is split in

the process, releasing oxygen as a by-product of the

reaction.


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Chlorophyll absorb photons of light, exciting chlorophyll electrons to

a higher energy level. This charge separation drives the splitting of

water molecules to make oxygen (O2), protons (H+) and electrons

(e ):

H2O O

2+ 4H+ + 4e-
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Stage 2, Light energy is converted to chemical energy

Electron Transport Chain series of molecules through which

excited electrons are passed along a thylakoid membrane. Light

reactions produce Oxygen as a by product. The Oxygen is not

from the CO2 but from the splitting of the water molecules.
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Electron Transport chain animation

Photosynthesis

http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosyn
http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/ltrxn.htmlhttp://www.glencoe.com/sec/science/cgi-bin/splitwindow.cgi?top=http://www.glencoe.com/sec/science/top2.html&link=http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/metabolism/photosynthesis.swfhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://www.glencoe.com/sec/science/cgi-bin/splitwindow.cgi?top=http://www.glencoe.com/sec/science/top2.html&link=http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/metabolism/photosynthesis.swfhttp://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/ltrxn.htmlhttp://search.msn.com/images/details.aspx?q=daisies&color=both&size=1p&ht=452&wd=320&tht=128&twd=90&su=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popartuk.com%2Fphotography%2Ffour-daisies-5046-poster.asp&iu=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popartuk.com%2Fg%2Fl%2Flg5046.jpg&tu=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.picsearch.com%2Fis%3F867570791720&sz=31


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Electron Transport Chain

1. Light hits the chloroplast, the electrons are excited

and move down the membrane.

2. As they pass through a protein, energy is lost. This

lost energy is used to pull H+ across. H+ is fromthe splitting of H2O.

3. H+ more concentrated inside the thylakoid causing

a concentration gradient. This might cause the H+

to diffuse out of the thylakoid.4. As the H+ diffuse out, a phosphate group is

released to bond with ADP to form ATP.
http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://www.toowoombascooter.com/home_flowers_faded.jpghttp://search.msn.com/images/details.aspx?q=daisies&color=both&size=1p&ht=452&wd=320&tht=128&twd=90&su=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popartuk.com%2Fphotography%2Ffour-daisies-5046-poster.asp&iu=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popartuk.com%2Fg%2Fl%2Flg5046.jpg&tu=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.picsearch.com%2Fis%3F867570791720&sz=31http://search.msn.com/images/details.aspx?q=daisies&color=both&size=1p&ht=452&wd=320&tht=128&twd=90&su=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popartuk.com%2Fphotography%2Ffour-daisies-5046-poster.asp&iu=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popartuk.com%2Fg%2Fl%2Flg5046.jpg&tu=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.picsearch.com%2Fis%3F867570791720&sz=31


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Second electron chain

1. Provides NADPH electron carrier that

provides the high energy electrons needed to

make carbon- hydrogen bonds.

2. As light hits the thylakoid, the electrons areexcited. Excited electrons combine with

hydrogen ions as well as an electron

acceptor called NADP + H, forming

NADPH.3. Outcome of Electron chain Produces

energy that is used in stage 3

6H2O + 6CO

2----------> C

6H

12O

6+ 6O

2
http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/photosynthesis/movie.htmhttp://www.laureate.ca/yellowflowersfaded2.jpghttp://www.toowoombascooter.com/home_flowers_faded.jpghttp://www.laureate.ca/yellowflowersfaded2.jpghttp://search.msn.com/images/details.aspx?q=daisies&color=both&size=1p&ht=452&wd=320&tht=128&twd=90&su=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popartuk.com%2Fphotography%2Ffour-daisies-5046-poster.asp&iu=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popartuk.com%2Fg%2Fl%2Flg5046.jpg&tu=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.picsearch.com%2Fis%3F867570791720&sz=31http://search.msn.com/images/details.aspx?q=daisies&color=both&size=1p&ht=452&wd=320&tht=128&twd=90&su=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popartuk.com%2Fphotography%2Ffour-daisies-5046-poster.asp&iu=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popartuk.com%2Fg%2Fl%2Flg5046.jpg&tu=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.picsearch.com%2Fis%3F867570791720&sz=31


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Stage 3, Energy is stored in Organic compounds

Calvin cycle or Carbon dioxide fixation

http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/calvi

What do I have to know?

CO2 is used in this stage of photosynthesis

Organic compounds such as carbohydrates, such as starch

and sucrose is made

The energy used to create these organic compounds are

made from the 2 previous stages.
http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/calvin.htmlhttp://www.toowoombascooter.com/home_flowers_faded.jpghttp://search.msn.com/images/details.aspx?q=daisies&color=both&size=1p&ht=452&wd=320&tht=128&twd=90&su=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popartuk.com%2Fphotography%2Ffour-daisies-5046-poster.asp&iu=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popartuk.com%2Fg%2Fl%2Flg5046.jpg&tu=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.picsearch.com%2Fis%3F867570791720&sz=31http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/calvin.htmlhttp://search.msn.com/images/details.aspx?q=daisies&color=both&size=1p&ht=452&wd=320&tht=128&twd=90&su=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popartuk.com%2Fphotography%2Ffour-daisies-5046-poster.asp&iu=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popartuk.com%2Fg%2Fl%2Flg5046.jpg&tu=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.picsearch.com%2Fis%3F867570791720&sz=31


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Factors that affect photosynthesis

1. Light intensity

2. CO2 concentration

3. Of course, H2O also.

6H2O + 6CO

2----------> C

6H

12O

6+ 6O

2
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And that is photosynthesis whew!

That was a doozie.

I dont know about you but I think I

could go through that again so I canget a better understanding.
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photosynthesis power point notes

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