photosynthesis photosynthesis song. keystone anchors bio.a.3.2.1 compare the basic transformation...
TRANSCRIPT
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis song
Keystone AnchorsBIO.A.3.2.1 Compare the basic
transformation of energy during photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
BIO.A.3.2.2 Describe the role of ATP in biochemical reactions
Where does all of our energy come from?
THE SUN
How do plants get food? Photosynthesis- Process by which green
plants or organism with chlorophyll convert _______ energy into _____________ energy in the bonds of carbohydrates
________________ – Can transfer energy to produce food – can synthesize food
_________________ – Must obtain energy from preformed food – gotta eat food!
chemicallight
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
TYPE I
Explain the process of photosynthesis using the diagram on the previous page. Use at least 3 lines.
THE FORMULA
_____________________ ________________chlorophyll
enzymes
Seems simple, huh? Takes EIGHTY different chemical reactions
from start to finish
carbon dioxide + water + light glucose + oxygen
Where does Photosynthesis happen? In the _________________!
Chloroplasts are oval structure consisting of stacks called grana (photosynthetic membranes) and a liquid called stroma.
Chlorophyll is found in the stacked grana
chloroplasts
Chloroplast
Light Reaction occurs in the...
Calvin Cycle occurs in the...
Thylakoids (contain chlorophyll)
Stroma
ATP IT’S ENERGY When chlorophyll absorbs light, it is
absorbing energy It stores it in the __________ of Adenosine
Triphosphate (ATP)bonds
ATP v ADP
Section 4.1 Review What is the difference between an
autotroph and a heterotroph?
How are ADP and ATP related?
What are the reactants of photosynthesis? The products?
Autotroph—makes own foodHeterotroph—needs to eat food
ADP is missing a phosphate (and energy)ATP has all 3 phosphate and lots of energyThey go back and forth
carbon dioxide + water + light glucose + oxygen
2 Main Steps of PSStep 1
1. Light reactions—occurs only in the presence of ___________
Occurs in the grana (thylakoids) of the chloroplasts
Also known as Photolysis because light is used to __________ _________ molecules into hydrogen and oxygen
light
split water
2 Main steps of PSStep 2
1. Dark Reactions—can occur in light ____ darkness. Follows light reactions
Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts Also known as Carbon fixation because
CO2 will get “fixed up” with the hydrogens and energy from the light reaction
or
H2O
CO2
C6H12O6
HO2
+water
Air
PLANT CHLOROPLAST
LIGHT REACTION
LIGHT INDEPENDENT “DARK” REACTION (CALVIN CYCLE)
Glucose!!
Fluid filled Stroma
Thylakoid(has Chlorophyll)
Light Reactions1. Chlorophyll absorbs energy from
sunlight. Water is __________ _________ Oxygen is ______________
2. Oxygen leaves the plant and goes into the air
broken downreleased
The Dark Reactions1. _________ is added to a cycle of
reactions to build larger molecules2. _________ from the light reaction is
added to CO2
3. A molecule of simple sugar is formed _____________
CO2
glucose
H
Process BoxLook at the diagram of photosynthesis from the previous slide. What are the names of the two reactions that are occurring in the chloroplasts Describe what reactants are going in and what products are going out.
Section 4.2 Review What is the role of chlorophyll in
photosynthesis?
What goes in the light reactions? What comes out?
What goes in the dark reactions? What comes out?
Absorbs energy from sunlight
IN: light and waterOUT: Oxygen
IN: CO2
OUT: Glucose (C6H12O6)
Nicholl
REACTIONTYPE
What goes
into it?
What comes out of
it?
(What is Created?)
Does it need light?
Does it need the
dark?
What gets split?
What gets ‘fixed up’?
Light Reaction
‘DARK’ Reaction(Calvin Cycle)
H2O
Sunlight
Hydrogen
Oxygen
CO2
Water Yes No Nothing
H goes into the
dark cycle
Glucose No No Nothing
1. What is the definition of Photosynthesis?
2. What are the reactants for Photosynthesis?
3. What are the products?
4. What happens during the light reaction of Photosynthesis?
5. What is made during the Calvin Cycle?
6. In what structure is chlorophyll found within a chloroplast?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS REVIEW
7. What occurs in the stroma of a chloroplast?
8. Why is the Calvin cycle referred to as the “dark” reaction?
9. Does the light reaction have to occur in the light? Does the dark reaction have to occur in the dark?
10. Why is glucose so valuable to all living things?
11. Why are plants known as autotrophs (or “producers”)?
12. If you eat a hamburger for dinner, how is it that you are eating energy that was made by plants?
13.Plants store energy in many ways. For example, a carrot is the root part of
a plant that stores lots of energy (that’s why carrots are SO good for you!!).
14. Name 3 other parts of a plant that store high energy?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS REVIEW
Process BoxThink about what our body need to take in to live? What does your body produce as waste products as a result of living?
Cellular Respiration
Chapter 4
Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP
Photosynthesis and food
The route from food to energy________
Goes through Glycolysis
Then
With oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
Without oxygen
Fermentation
Alcoholic
Lactic Acid
GLUCOSE
Glycolysis Breaks glucose down into 2 pyruvic acid
molecules Occurs in ______________
cytoplasm
Glycolysis 2 ATP invested 4 ATP generated
___ “net” ATP gained2
Fermentation Occurs after glycolysis Does ______ require oxygen
______________
Switches NADH back into NAD+ Allows glycolysis to continue
not
Anaerobic
Fermentation Two types
_______________ fermentation
__________ ________ fermentation
Alcoholic
Lactic acid
Pyruvatecytoplasm
Lactic Acid Fermentation
NAD+Allows Glycolysis to continue to make 2 ATP’s
Lactic Acid
No OXYGEN Present
• Occurs in mammals when O2 runs out
• Causes burning muscles • Acidity causes muscle pain• Broken down over time (when
O2 becomes available again)• A muscle will “cramp” without
ATP• Bacteria can also create lactic
acid – and we use them to create pickles, and milk curdles in lactic acid = yogurt!
Pyruvatecytoplasm
Alcohol Fermentation
NAD+Allows Glycolysis to continue to make 2 ATP’s
Alcohol + CO2
No OXYGEN Present
• Occurs in Yeast • Makes alcohol• CO2 gas causes bread to rise
(alcohol evaporates in the oven!)
Section 4.4 Review—Part A Where does glycolysis take place?
What goes into glycolysis? What comes out of glycolysis?
Why does fermentation occur?
What are the two different types of fermentation?
Cytoplasm
IN: Glucose OUT: 2 ATP & 3 carbon molecule
No oxygen present
Lactic acid Alcoholic
Aerobic Respiration After glycolysis Only in _______________ Require _________
_________ process
NOT THE SAME AS REGULAR RESPIRATION!
eukaryotes
oxygen
Aerobic
Where does aerobic respiration happen? In the mitochondria!
_______________ are organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
Mitochondria
2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration1. Kreb’s cycle
o Pyruvic acid is broken down into ________ in a series of energy-extracting reactions• 2 ATP are generated
CO2
In: 3COUT: Co2 + ATP
2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration2. __________ ___________ ________
o Uses high energy electrons from the Kreb’s cycle to convert ADP into ATPo _____________ are produced
Electron transport chain
32 ATP
In: O2
OUT: H2O + ATP
MOST ATP from
ELECTONTRANSPORT
!
NADHEnergy Carrying Molecule
From Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
HH
H
32ATP90% of Glucose Energy!!
OXYGEN HH20
+
mitochondria
Breathed out of the body!!
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
PROCESS LOCATION IN OUT # of ATP Produced
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Fermentation
cytoplasm
mitochondria
mitochondria
cytoplasm
Glucose
Pyruvic acid
oxygen
Pyruvic acid
2 Pyruvic acid
Carbon dioxide
water
NAD+
2
2
32
2
Section 4.4 Review—Part B Where does aerobic respiration take place?
What goes into the Kreb’s cycle? What comes out?
What goes into electron transport? What comes out?
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
Mitochondria
IN: 3 carbon molecule OUT: ATP, CO2
IN: Oxygen OUT: Water and ATP!!!
Reactants of one are basically the products of the other
1. What are the 3 stages of Cellular Respiration, and how many ATP’s are created with each?
2. What is the “fuel” that allows cellular respiration to begin?
3. How is Glycolysis different than Krebs and E.T.C.?
4. Why do humans not depend as much on Glycolysis for energy?
5. Muscle pain after a workout is a result of the buildup of what substance?
RESPIRATION REVIEW
Glycolosis -2 ATP Kreb’s Cycle – 2 ATP Electron Transport Chain – 32 ATP
Glucose
Glycolosis take place in the cytoplasm. Krebs and ETC in the mitochondria
Only produces 2 ATP
Lactic Acid
6. What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?
7. What is the role of NADH during cellular respiration?
8. By what process do we create products such as yogurt, sauerkraut, and pickles?
9. What organisms can make alcohol?
10.What organisms can make lactic acid?
RESPIRATION REVIEW
Final H+ acceptor
Provides H+ for ETC
Lactic acid fermentation
yeast
mammals
7. Consider a person who runs a 5K. Afterward, he is breathing heavily because he is oxygen deficient. He is complaining of weak legs and is sweating profusely.
12. Because he is low in oxygen, what will accumulate in his muscles? 13. Breathing heavily allows more oxygen to be taken in. What is the role of oxygen?
14. Breathing heavily also allows excess CO2 to be removed. What process forms the CO2?
15. Sweat helps keep the body cool. How are sweating and ATP related?
16. What is the waste product of E.T.C.?
17. What do you think the FIRST thing this runner will do after he finishes the race?
RESPIRATION SCENERIO
Lactic acid_
Pick up H+
Krebs
ATP produces heat and sweat cools the body
water
Drink water
Light energy chemical energy
Chloroplasts
Water + CO2
+ LightOxygen + Sugar
Water + CO2
+ ATPOxygen + Sugar
Water + CO2 + Light
Oxygen + Sugar
Oxygen + Sugar
Water + CO2 + ATP
Cytoplasm + Mitochondria
Sugar ATP