photosynthesis. photosynthesis 3 photosynthesis carbon dioxide (co 2 ) requiring process that uses...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Photosynthesis
![Page 2: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PHOTOSYNTHESIPHOTOSYNTHESISS
![Page 3: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
• Carbon dioxide (COCarbon dioxide (CO22)) requiring requiring process that uses process that uses light energy light energy (photons)(photons) and and water (Hwater (H22O)O) to to produce produce organic macromolecules organic macromolecules (glucose).(glucose).
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2glucoseglucose
SUNphotonsphotons
![Page 4: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Question:Question:
Where does Where does photosynthesiphotosynthesis take place?s take place?
![Page 5: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
PlantsPlants• Autotrophs Autotrophs – produce their own – produce their own
food food (glucose)(glucose)• Process called Process called photosynthesisphotosynthesis• Mainly occurs in the Mainly occurs in the leaves:leaves:
a.a.stoma - poresstoma - pores
b.b.mesophyll cellsmesophyll cells
StomaMesophyllCell
Chloroplast
![Page 6: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Stomata (stoma)Stomata (stoma)PoresPores in a plant’s cuticle in a plant’s cuticle
through which through which water vaporwater vapor and and gasesgases (CO(CO22 & O & O22)) are are exchanged between the plant exchanged between the plant and the atmosphere.and the atmosphere.
Guard CellGuard CellCarbon Dioxide (CO2)
Oxygen (O2)
Found on the underside of Found on the underside of leavesleaves
StomStomaa
![Page 7: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Mesophyll Cell of LeafMesophyll Cell of Leaf
Cell WallNucleusNucleus
Chloroplast
Central Vacuole
Photosynthesis occurs in these Photosynthesis occurs in these cells!cells!
![Page 8: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
ChloroplastChloroplast
OrganelleOrganelle where photosynthesisphotosynthesis takes place.
GranumThylakoid
Stroma
Outer Membrane
Inner Membrane
Thylakoid stacks are connected Thylakoid stacks are connected togethertogether
![Page 9: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
ThylakoidThylakoid
Thylakoid Membrane
Thylakoid SpaceGranum
Grana make up the inner Grana make up the inner membranemembrane
![Page 10: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Light Dependent Reactions
10
![Page 11: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Question:Question:
Why are Why are plants plants green?green?
![Page 12: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Chlorophyll MoleculesChlorophyll Molecules
• Located in the Located in the thylakoid membranes]thylakoid membranes]
• Chlorophyll pigments Chlorophyll pigments harvest energy harvest energy (photons)(photons) by absorbing certain by absorbing certain
• wavelengths wavelengths (blue-420 nm and red-(blue-420 nm and red-660 nm660 nm are most important) are most important)
• Plants are Plants are greengreen because the because the green green wavelength is reflectedwavelength is reflected, not , not absorbedabsorbed.
![Page 13: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Amazing Chloroplast
13
![Page 14: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Wavelength of Light (nm)Wavelength of Light (nm)
400 500 600 700
Short wave Long wave(more energy) (less energy)
![Page 15: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Absorption of Light by Absorption of Light by ChlorophyllChlorophyll
wavelengthwavelength
Absorption
violet blue green yellow orange red
Chlorophyll absorbs blue-violet & red Chlorophyll absorbs blue-violet & red light bestlight best
![Page 16: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Question:Question:
During the fall, During the fall, what causes what causes the leaves to the leaves to
change colors?change colors?
![Page 17: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Fall ColorsFall Colors• In addition to the chlorophyll In addition to the chlorophyll
pigments, there are pigments, there are other other pigmentspigments present present
• During the fall, the During the fall, the green green chlorophyll pigments are chlorophyll pigments are greatly reducedgreatly reduced revealing the revealing the other pigmentsother pigments
• CarotenoidsCarotenoids are pigments that are pigments that are either are either redred, , orangeorange, or , or yellowyellow
![Page 18: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Question:Question:
What do What do cells use cells use
for for energy?energy?
![Page 19: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
![Page 20: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
How do cells obtain energy?
20
![Page 21: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Energy for Life on EarthEnergy for Life on Earth
•Sunlight is the ULTIMATE energy for all life on Earth
•Plants store energy in the chemical bonds of sugars
•Chemical energy is released as ATP during cellular respiration
![Page 22: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Structure of ATPStructure of ATP
• ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate
• It is composed of the nitrogen base ADENINE, the pentose (5C) sugar RIBOSE, and three PHOSPHATE groups
• The LAST phosphate group is bonded with a HIGH ENERGY chemical bond
• This bond can be BROKEN to release ENERGY for CELLS to use
![Page 23: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Removing a Phosphate from Removing a Phosphate from ATPATP
Breaking the LAST PHOSPHATE bond from ATP, will ---– Release ENERGY for cells to use– Form ADP– Produce a FREE PHOSPHATE
GROUP
![Page 24: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
High Energy Phosphate High Energy Phosphate BondBond
![Page 25: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
FREE PHOSPHATE can be re-FREE PHOSPHATE can be re-attached to ADP reforming ATPattached to ADP reforming ATP
Process called Process called PhosphorylationPhosphorylation
![Page 26: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Parts of Parts of PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
![Page 27: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Types of Photosynthesis
27
![Page 28: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Two Parts of Two Parts of PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
Two reactions make up Two reactions make up photosynthesis:photosynthesis:
1.1.Light Reaction or Light Light Reaction or Light Dependent ReactionDependent Reaction - -
Produces energy from solar Produces energy from solar power (photons) in the form power (photons) in the form of ATP and NADPH.of ATP and NADPH.
SUNSUN
![Page 29: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Two Parts of Two Parts of PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
2. 2. Calvin Cycle or Light Calvin Cycle or Light Independent Independent ReactionReaction
• Uses energy (Uses energy (ATP and ATP and NADPHNADPH) from light ) from light reaction to make sugar reaction to make sugar (glucose).(glucose).
![Page 30: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Light Reaction (Electron Light Reaction (Electron Flow)Flow)
• Occurs in the Occurs in the Thylakoid Thylakoid membranesmembranes
![Page 31: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Calvin CycleCalvin Cycle• Carbon Fixation Carbon Fixation (light independent (light independent
reaction)reaction)• CC33 plants (80% of plants on earth) plants (80% of plants on earth)• Occurs in the Occurs in the stromastroma• Uses Uses ATP and NADPHATP and NADPH from light from light
reaction as energyreaction as energy• Uses Uses COCO22
• To produce To produce glucoseglucose: it takes : it takes 6 6 turns and uses 18 ATP and 12 turns and uses 18 ATP and 12 NADPH. NADPH.
![Page 32: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
ChloroplastChloroplast
GranumThylakoid
STROMA– where Calvin Cycle occursOuter Membrane
Inner Membrane
![Page 33: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Calvin CycleCalvin Cycle
Remember: CRemember: C33 = Calvin Cycle = Calvin Cycle
C3
Glucose
![Page 34: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
PhotorespirationPhotorespiration
• Occurs on hot, dry, bright daysOccurs on hot, dry, bright days
Stomates closeStomates close
• Fixation of OFixation of O22 instead of CO instead of CO22
• Produces Produces 2-C molecules 2-C molecules instead of 3-C sugar moleculesinstead of 3-C sugar molecules
• Produces Produces no sugarno sugar molecules molecules or or no ATPno ATP
![Page 35: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
PhotorespirationPhotorespiration
Because of photorespiration, Because of photorespiration, plants have special plants have special adaptations to limit the effect adaptations to limit the effect of photorespiration:of photorespiration:
1.1. CC44 plants plants
2.2. CAM plantsCAM plants
![Page 36: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
CC44 Plants Plants• Hot, moist Hot, moist
environmentsenvironments• 15% of plants 15% of plants
((grasses, corn, grasses, corn, sugarcane)sugarcane)
![Page 37: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
CAM PlantsCAM Plants• Hot, dry environmentsHot, dry environments• 5%5% of plants (cactus and ice of plants (cactus and ice
plants)plants)• Stomates closed during dayStomates closed during day• Stomates open during the nightStomates open during the night• Light reaction - occurs during Light reaction - occurs during
the daythe day• Calvin Cycle - occurs when COCalvin Cycle - occurs when CO22
is presentis present
![Page 38: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Question:Question:
Why do CAM Why do CAM plants close plants close
their stomata their stomata during the day?during the day?
![Page 39: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Cam plants Cam plants close their close their
stomata in the stomata in the hottest part hottest part of the day to of the day to
conserve conserve waterwater
![Page 40: Photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) requiring process that uses light energy (photons) and water (H 2 O) to produce](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051412/551be787550346af588b61d5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
What is the Difference ?• Journal in your notebooks using a
Venn diagram to discuss your comparisons between C3 and C4 Plants.
40