Photosynthesis

Mr. Victor M. GaldoScience Dpt.BTW

Energy and Life Energy (E) is the

ability to do _______.

All living things depend on __, even when they are sleeping!

Without the ability to obtain and use E, _____ will cease to exist.

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

Plants and some other types of organisms are able to use light E from the sun to produce food. How are these organisms called? ____________________________.

Other organisms, such as animals, cannot use the sun’s E directly. These organisms obtain E from the foods they consume. How are these organisms called? ____________________________.

Chemical E and ATP E comes in many forms. Name five forms of E:

________________________________________. The Law of Conservation of E (1st Law of Thermodynamics)

states that E is neither created nor _________ it is ___________.

One of the principal chemical that the cells use to store and release E is _____________________ or _____ for short.

Storing & Releasing E, and Using Biochemical E

Class Work: read the Biology book, pages 202 and 203, then create and write down your own notes about how E is stored and released in ATP molecules, and about how is biochemical E used.

Extra Credit: copy and answer the question in figure 8-3.

QUESTIONS & SUMMARYQUESTIONS & SUMMARY

Using the High School Question Task Using the High School Question Task Cards, write five questions about the Cards, write five questions about the notes .notes .

Write your summary for the notes. Write your summary for the notes.

NOTEBOOK: OUTPUTNOTEBOOK: OUTPUT

1) Draw models of both the ATP and 1) Draw models of both the ATP and ADP molecules that show their parts, ADP molecules that show their parts, and how one is transformed into the and how one is transformed into the other one. other one.

2) Copy and answer the questions on 2) Copy and answer the questions on 8–1 Section Assessment8–1 Section Assessment, page 203., page 203.

PHOTOSYNTHESISEquation :6CO2+6H2O+Light energyC6H12O6+6O2It all starts with light.

http://sci2.esa.int/e-spectrum/electr_spec.htm Electromagnetic Spectrum

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis is the process by which plants

use the energy of sunlight to produce carbohydrates.

6CO2+6H2O+Light energyC6H12O6+6O2 Read and discuss pages 204–207. Create

notes. 2 Main Stages:

Light Reactions “light dependent” Calvin Cycle “light independent” or dark reactions

Light and Pigments

QUESTIONS & SUMMARYQUESTIONS & SUMMARY

Using the High School Question Task Using the High School Question Task Cards, write five questions about the Cards, write five questions about the notes on Photosynthesis and the notes on Photosynthesis and the Electromagnetic Spectrum.Electromagnetic Spectrum.

Write your summary for the notes. Write your summary for the notes.

NOTEBOOK: OUTPUTNOTEBOOK: OUTPUT1) Build a Network Tree concept map 1) Build a Network Tree concept map with the following terms:with the following terms:photosynthesis equation, products, photosynthesis equation, products, light, 6COlight, 6CO22, C, C66HH1212OO66, reactants, 6H, reactants, 6H22O, O, light energy, 6Olight energy, 6O22, glucose, visible light. , glucose, visible light.

2) Use a Venn Diagram to compare and 2) Use a Venn Diagram to compare and contrast chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.contrast chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.

Light Reactions

These are the reactions that convert solar energy to chemical energy.

Occurs in the chloroplast’s thylakoid membrane. Light absorbed by the chlorophyll furnishes the

chemical energy (stored as ATP/NADPH) that eventually powers the making of glucose or “food” in the Calvin Cycle.

NO SUGAR IS MADE IN THESE REACTIONS SUM: light is absorbed; water split—oxygen

discarded; ATP and NADPH made.

Summary of Light Reactions Sequence Energy in sunlight excites electrons in chlorophyll molecules Some of the excited electrons are used to produce ATP in an electron transport chain Other excited electrons are used to form NADPH

ATP and NADPH is the “fuel” that powers the engine that makes sugars during the Calvin cycle (light independent or dark reactions). These fuel molecules are simply molecules that can accept high energy electrons, hold them for a short time, and then pass them on (electron acceptors)

Calvin Cycle or “Dark” Reactions

This set of reactions does not directly involve light.

The C from CO2 is “reduced” to sugar as electrons and H+ are added to it.

During the cycle, carbon from CO2 combines with a 5 carbon molecule to form two 3 carbon molecules called PGA.

Using the energy from ATP and NADPH, PGA can be then converted to PGAL, which in turn, is used to make glucose.

Just a thought?

Well, why don’t we just use ATP and NADPH as our energy? Why bother making sugars?

Because sugars can be stored indefinitely while ATP and NADPH are highly reactive molecules.

Sum of Calvin Cycle As photosynthesis continues, several steps of

the Calvin Cycle work steadily to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to produce energy-rich sugars.

The Calvin Cycle does not require light directly, however, in most plants the cycle runs during daytime when the light reactions power the Calvin cycle’s sugar assembly line by supplying it with NADPH and ATP.

QUESTIONS & SUMMARYQUESTIONS & SUMMARY

Using the High School Question Task Using the High School Question Task Cards, write five questions about the Cards, write five questions about the notes on Photosynthesis: Light notes on Photosynthesis: Light reactions and Calvin (dark) reactions. reactions and Calvin (dark) reactions.

Write your summary for the notes. Write your summary for the notes.

NOTEBOOK: OUTPUTNOTEBOOK: OUTPUT1) Build a glucose molecule model using 1) Build a glucose molecule model using the ball and sticks models. You must read the ball and sticks models. You must read the instructions that are in the box and the instructions that are in the box and look for a ring model of the glucose look for a ring model of the glucose molecule to do it. molecule to do it.

2) Make a sketch of a plant and show on it 2) Make a sketch of a plant and show on it the following concepts that relate to the following concepts that relate to photosynthesis: 1) chlorophyll 2) sunlight photosynthesis: 1) chlorophyll 2) sunlight 3) H3) H22O 4) COO 4) CO22 5) C 5) C66HH1212OO66 6)O 6)O22 7) visible 7) visible light 8) sugarlight 8) sugarYou might use the concepts as many times You might use the concepts as many times as you need.as you need.

POWER POINT PRESENTATION

http://www.slideshare.net/MissWander/power-point-51-cell-energy-photosynthesis-respiration/

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/methuselah/photosynthesis.html

http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/facilities/multimedia/uploads/alberta/Photo.html

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/photosynth/overview.html

RESOURCES SITE: http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/bio1int.htm

JEOPARDY GAME

http://www.eduref.org/Virtual/Lessons/Science/Biology/BIO0202.html