Photosynthesis and

Respiration in Plantshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_F8kYkn49Ec

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_F8kYkn49Ec

Photosynthesis

the process by which

green plants and

some other

organisms use

sunlight to

synthesize foods

from carbon dioxide

and water.

Photosynthesis

Do not forget this equation..

Oxygen

Photosynthesis in plants

generally involves the

green pigment

chlorophyll and

generates oxygen as a

byproduct

Uses for Sugars and Energy Storage by

Plants

Glucose – provides immediate energy

for the plant

Starch – polysaccharide used for

energy storage

Cellulose – polysaccharide used to

strengthen cell wall

Life on Earth

Cyanobacteria were the architects of Earth’s Atmosphere

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7BMQAoB8IM&index=7&list=PLIp29YgfNyGCpsvY2yYS3Jfag8zUSRQ6U

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7BMQAoB8IM&index=7&list=PLIp29YgfNyGCpsvY2yYS3Jfag8zUSRQ6U

Cyanobacteria (Blue-

green Algae)

From the Phylum Cyanophyta

The oldest known fossils, more than 3.5

billion years old

Some species can produce toxins

While some are healthy- Spirulina

Plant

Phylogeny

Discovery of Photosynthesis History

Greek philosophers believed plants obtained ALL nutrients

from soil.

Jan Baptista van Helmont (1579-1644) tree gained weight

from water. He had no understanding of atmospheric gases

or role of sunlight

Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) experiments placing candle

in jar with plants.

Jan Ingenhousz (1730-1799) concluded from experiments

that plants use light to produce oxygen.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdgkuT12e14

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdgkuT12e14

Plant structures

Plant leaf parts

Leaf Parts

Xylem- Transports Water

Phloem- Transports Sugars

Stomata- Gas exchange

Flower Parts

Plant structures-Cells

https://www.youtube.

com/watch?v=ImzM9OJ

AJOQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImzM9OJAJOQ

Plant cell

Chlorophyll – pigment that reflects green

light but absorbs blue and red light

Carotenoids- pigment that reflects orange,

yellow and red light but absorbs blue and

green light

Let’s go into a plant cell

https://www.youtube.com/wa

tch?v=flLN3z9ExRc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=flLN3z9ExRc

Light and dark dependent reactions

Light dependent Reactions

Sunlight hits the

chlorophyll molecules in

the thylakoid membrane

Light energy is

transferred to the

electrons

Electrons become

energized and are

passed down an Electron

Transport Chain

http://www.science.smi

th.edu/departments/Bio

logy/Bio231/ltrxn.html

http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/ltrxn.html

Calvin Cycle

1. Uses CO2 to add to a five carbon sugar

2. this sugar is split into two molecules (Phosphoglyceric

acid-PGA)

Uses ATP and NADPH to convert PGA to PGAL aldehyde

PGAL leaves to form glucose

PGAL reform with help of ATP

And back through the cycle again…

Calvin Cycle

PHEW…Everyone okay?

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is a set

of metabolic reactions and processes that take

place in the cells of organisms to

convert biochemical

energy from nutrients into adenosine

triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste

products

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy#Energy_and_lifehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrientshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate

Cellular

Respiration

When a plant's cells

use respiration, they

intake oxygen and

produce energy and

carbon dioxide as a

by-product.

ATP Molecule

What processes in a cell need energy?

Active Transport, Cell Division, Cell movement,

Movement of Muscles.

ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate

An adenosine molecule with 3 phosphate groups

attached.

When ATP is broken down (to form ADP), a lot of

energy is released.

When ATP is formed (from ADP), energy is stored

Where do cells get the energy to make

ATP?

Cellular respiration is the process that releases

energy by breaking down food molecules in small

steps.

Converts ADP into ATP

Cellular Respiration-Two Different types

Aerobic- Presence of Oxygen

36 ATP molecules Produced

Occurs in the presence of Oxygen

Anaerobic-NO oxygen

2 ATP Molecules Produced

In this situation, fermentation

begins as an alternate form of

respiration

Cellular Respiration (Anaerobic)

Alcoholic

Fermentation

Common in

yeast cells.

CO2 and

alcohol is

produced.

Anaerobic Respiration (Anaerobic)

Lactic Acid

Fermentation

Occurs in

animal muscle

cells or

lactobacillus

bacteria.

Factors that affect the rate of…

Photosynthesis

Light duration/intensity

Cellular Respiration

pH, amount of water, temperature

How a Cell Uses ATP

It must bind with a protein for its phosphate group to

be released, along with its energy.

The protein accepts the ATP, helps it release its

phosphate group, and then releases the leftover ADP

molecule.

The protein is now ready to accept a new ATP

molecule.

Energy is also used for…

Excretion

Removal of waste products

from cells

Transport

Moving nutrients and waste

products in an organism

Function of blood

Cellular Respiration

Occurs in the Mitochondria of a Cell

What’s going on in the Mitochondria?

Glycolosis- the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6,

into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid cycle) chemical reactions used by all aerobic

organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-

CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon

dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate,

(ATP.)

Electron Transport Chain-

compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron

acceptors , and couples with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across

a membrane

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_pathwayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reactionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobic_organismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetyl-CoAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydratehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compoundhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_transferhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_donorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_acceptorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_membrane

Overall, aerobic respiration produces a

total of 36 molecules of ATP

Glycolysis 2 ATP

Kerbs cycle or Citric Acid Cycle 2 ATP

Electron Transport Chain 32 ATP

Total ATP Produced 36 ATP

ATP= Adenosine Triphosphate “molecular money”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCpNk92uswY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCpNk92uswY

Bringing back that old food chain

Primary Producers

Primary Consumers

Secondary

Consumers

Tertiary Consumers

Quaternary

Consumer

Decomposers

Chemosynthesizers

Organisms that make their food versus those that do not.

Autotrophs

Organisms that use energy from

the sun to convert water and

carbon dioxide into glucose.

Includes:

Photoautotrophs

Chemoautotrophs

Heterotrophs

Organisms that cannot fix (change)

carbon from inorganic to organic

carbon to use for growth

Includes:

Photoheterotrophs

Chemoheterotrophs

Heterotrophs

Decomposers

Organisms that break

down dead or decaying

organisms

Chemotrophs

Detrivores

Worms, slugs, snails

Saprotrophic fungi

Bacteria

Bacillus subtilis

Pseudomonas

florescens

Chemosynthesis…

Organisms use

chemicals instead of

sunlight to make food.

Example:

chemosynthetic

bacteria deep in the

ocean

Ex. Bacteria and

tubeworms near

geothermal vents deep

in ocean

Questions for thought

Why were cyanobacteria important to life on

earth?

Are all organisms that photosynthesize considered

autotrophs?

How are chloroplasts important to you and me?