photosynthesis 8.1 & 8.2 notes. chemical energy and atp energy is the ability to do work. your...
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Photosynthesis
8.1 & 8.2 Notes
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Chemical Energy and ATP• Energy is the ability to do work.
• Your cells are busy using energy to build new molecules, contract muscles, and carry out active transport.
• Without the ability to obtain and use energy, life would cease to exist.
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Chemical Energy and ATP• One of the most important compounds that cells
use to store and release energy is ATP (adenosine triphosphate ).
• ATP consists of adenine, a 5-carbon sugar called ribose, and three phosphate groups.
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Storing Energy• Adenosine
diphosphate (ADP) has two phosphate groups instead of three.
• ADP contains some energy, but not as much as ATP..
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Heterotrophs and Autotrophs• Organisms that obtain food by
consuming other living things are known as heterotrophs.
• Organisms that make their own food are called autotrophs (Plants, algae, and some bacteria)
• Photosynthesis- use the energy of sunlight to produce high-energy carbohydrates
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Why is Photosynthesis important?
Makes organic molecules (glucose) out of inorganic materials (carbon dioxide and water).
It begins all food chains/webs. Thus all life is supported by this process.
It also makes oxygen gas!!
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Photosynthesis-starts the ecological food webs!
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Plants use sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide into glucose. Glucose is a kind of sugar.
Plants use glucose as food for energy and as a building block for growing.
Autotrophs make glucose and heterotrophs are consumers of it.
Photo-synthesismeans "putting together with light."
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Photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygensunlight
absorbed by chlorophyll
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy C6H12O6 + 6O2
As can be seen from the equation for photosynthesis, the wood, bark, and root came from water and carbon dioxide.
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Visible light is only a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum (all forms of light).
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Pigments• Plants gather the
sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called pigments.
• The plants’ principal pigment is chlorophyll.
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Pigments• Leaves reflect green light, which is why
plants look green.
• Plants also contain red and orange pigments such as carotene that absorb light in other regions of the spectrum.
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Chloroplasts• Photosynthesis takes place inside organelles
called chloroplasts.
• Chloroplasts contain saclike photosynthetic membranes called thylakoids
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Chloroplasts• Pigments are located in the thylakoid
membranes.
• The fluid portion outside of the thylakoids is known as the stroma.
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StomataThis opening how plants exchange gases!Check it! Can you name the two important gases that go in and out of the leaves?
-CO2-O2
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Light-Dependent Reactions• The light-dependent reactions use energy
from sunlight to produce energy (ATP and NADPH.)
• These reactions take place within the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.
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Light-Independent Reactions• No light is required to power the light-
independent reactions.
• The light-independent reactions take place outside the thylakoids, in the stroma.
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What is the main compound used for energy?
• ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
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What is the general formula for photosynthesis?
• Water + CO2 + Sunlight - Glucose + O2
• 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy C6H12O6 + 6O2
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What two reactions make up photosynthesis?
• Light-dependent reactions• Light-independent reactions