photonic integration: a key enabler for digital optical networks

Photonic Integration: A Key Enabler for Digital Optical Networks

Rick HafeyDirector of Sales, Research & Education

[email protected]

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 2

Agenda

! Electronics & Optics in Next-Generation Networks

! Photonic Integration as an enabler

!Digital Optical Network Applications


Agenda





Roles of Optics and Electronicsin Next Generation Networks

! Optics enables capacity scalability (WDM) and reach (optical amplification)

! Electronics (& software) enable…1. Network functionality:

! Switching, protection, performance monitoring2. Service delivery:

! SLA management, add/drop, grooming3. Performance improvement:

! Forward Error Correction! Electronic Dispersion Compensation! Data coding/modulation techniques

everything else


Benefits of Electronics in Optical Networks

Reach Improvement- G.709 standard defines 6dB gain FEC (Reed-Solomon)

- High-gain FEC provides optical gain of 8dB to 9dB

- Corrects BER of 10-3 to BER of 10-17

- Cost per chip: 10’s to 100’s of $

Dispersion Compensation- FFE and DFE can compensate upwards of 1000ps/nm

- MLSE can correct upwards of 3000ps/nm dispersion

- Significant space savings vs. DCF- Cost per device: 10’s of $

PM and Operations- OTH and SONET/SDH Overhead- Extensive digital PM at all OEO nodes

- J0/B1, BIP-8- FEC bit error rate monitoring- Communication channels for OAM&P

- SONET/SDH DCC and OTH TCM

Switching- Wide choice of switching/grooming

granularity (STS1, ODU-1, packet)- Fundamental to managing and

grooming customer services - Highest level of reconfigurability- Cost per chip: 10’s to 100’s of $


Relative Costs of OEO – The “O” vs. the “E”

! High cost of OEO conversion compared to the cost for manipulating the data

! Implementing feature-rich network & service functionality incurs a cost premium

! Silicon cost is not the problem……it is the conversion cost from Optical to Electronic domains

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

DWDM Laser

10G M

odulat

or + D

river

10G R

eceive

r + TIA

50GHz R

OADM port

VT-1.5 Switc

h (10G)

STS-1 Switc

h (160

G)

ODU-1 Switc

h (40

0G)

Rel

ativ

e C

osts

per

10G

Accessing the Data Manipulating the Data


Agenda





Cost Structure of DWDM

Modulator EDFA DCM OSCLaserDetector!-Locker

Band 1

Band N

Band 1

Band N

Wavelength 1

Wavelength M

Wavelength 1

Wavelength M

ChannelMux/Demux

BandMux/Demux

Conventional DWDM System


100Gb/s Transmit

100Gb/s Receive

The Solution: Photonic Integrated Circuits

Large-Scale Photonic Integration re-enables benefits of OEO conversion with no space,

power, or cost penalty

100Gb/s DWDM “System-on-a-Chip”

5mm


Introducing a New Cost Structure…R

elat

ive

Cos

t per

10G

1995 1998 2001 2004

1

10

100

Existing discrete components

Large-ScalePhotonic Integration

! Reduction fiber couplings! Reduce optical packages! Less power! Improved reliability! Higher system density! Lower OEO cost


Photonic Integration Enables a “Digital” Network

! Use (analog) photonics for what it does best: transmission! Use (digital) electronics for everything else – more functionality / lower cost! Consistent with other network elements: SONET/SDH, switches, routers …

Digital ElectronicsDigital Electronics& Software& Software

Signal regenerationSignal regenerationError correctionError correctionPerformance monitoringPerformance monitoringSubSub--!"!"add/dropadd/dropSubSub--!! Grooming & switching Grooming & switching MultiMulti--Service MultiplexingService MultiplexingProtectionProtection

Integrated Photonics




optical (analog) electrical (digital) optical (analog)


Infinera PIC Reliability3,500,000 Hours of Field Operation with Zero Field Failures

0500

1000

1500200025003000

35004000

1Q05

2Q05

3Q05

4Q05

1Q06

May-06

Cum

ulat

ive

Hou

rs o

f PIC

Ope

ratio

n (0

00's

)

! PIC-based systems commercially deployed, in-service, since 4Q/2004! >3.5M hours of PIC operation in the field and zero failures! Well-established manufacturing process


Network Bandwidth Growth vs. Device Data RateD

ata

Cap

acity

Per

Chi

p (G

b/s)

Current IP Network CAGR: 70-100%

0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

1975 1985 1995 2005 2015

DMLEML

Tunable EMLwith SOA

DWDM PICs400 Gb/s

100 Gb/s

1.6 Tb/sDevelopmentDevices

Data rate per device has remained at 10Gb/s for >10 years

Only Photonic Integration Enables Continued Cost-Effective Scaling of Network Capacity

Data rate has doubled every ~2.2 years


PIC Scaling Beyond 100G1.6Tbit/s DWDM Large-Scale PIC Transmitter

Optical Output

!1... !4040 x 40Gbit/s

CH1

CH40

Powe

r Fla

tteni

ng

EA M

odul

ator

Tuna

ble D

FB

AW

G M

ultip

lexe

r

Pow

er M

onito

r

DC Electrical Bias and Control

40 x 40Gbit/s Electrical Input

Pow

er M

onito

r

Optical Output

!1... !4040 x 40Gbit/s

CH1

CH40

Powe

r Fla

tteni

ng

EA M

odul

ator

Tuna

ble D

FB

AW

G M

ultip

lexe

r

Pow

er M

onito

r

DC Electrical Bias and Control

40 x 40Gbit/s Electrical Input

Pow

er M

onito

r

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

Nor

mal

ized

Out

put P

ower

(dB

)

1.5651.5601.5551.550

Wavelength (µm)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

…40 channels x 40 Gb/s

Announced at OFC 2006…


IP Link Sizes Exceed Optical DataratesIP Core Now Requires “Super-!” Services

0.1

1

10

100

1000

1Q94 1Q96 1Q98 1Q00 1Q02 1Q04 1Q06 1Q08

Avg Wave Datarate Capacity between adjacent core routers

Gig

abits

per

Sec

ond

40Sub-! Links

PPP over SONET

! LinksPOS over DWDM

Super-! LinksEthernet over

PICs


Photonic Integration

! It’s about….! Capacity virtualization

! Add/Drop, Groom, Switch across entire DWDM line and trib capacity – not one ! at a time

! Investment protection! Scalable platform able to support any new high-

bandwidth service: 40G soon and 100GbE not far behind

! No-touch network scalability! Add new services (40G, 100GbE) on existing network! No need to change…link designs, end-end reach, PMD

compensation, dispersion maps, amplifier gain, etc…


Agenda



! Digital Optical Network Applications! Regional State Networks

! Internet2

! Next-Gen IP Networks


Regional State NetworkWavelength Routing in ROADM Networks

32-40 ! WDM

! Allocate bandwidth on ROADM ring using available !’s! Extending ROADM network consumes !’s end-end! Blocking consumes extra !’s or requires OEO for !"conversion! This creates stranded bandwidth and faster capacity exhaust! This adds scaling complexity when considering….

…Protection; Many demands; Large networks; Multi-degree nodal connectivity! Reconfigurability & flexibility can be limited by end-end !-blocking


Regional State NetworkReconfigurable “Digital” Add/Drop

! Switched WDM with sub-! grooming at all nodes ! Removes wavelength blocking constraints – any point to any point! Maximizes WDM capacity on every link - no stranded bandwidth! “Switched WDM” eliminates back-to-back transponder connections! “Mix and match” of 1G, 2.5G, 10G and 40G services on any wavelength! Scales with network capacity, number of nodes, network size/distance

N x 100G WDMN x 100G WDM

N x 100G WDM

N x 100G WDM


Regional State NetworkExpand Member Access

! Cost-effectively increase service footprint to many cities/institutions

! Easy connectivity & service reconfiguration between members

! In-service “site conversion”to Add/Drop

! End-end service delivery over 100Gb/s bandwidth ! Reduce costs! Simplify overbuilds! Shorten service delivery

times?

?

? ??

?

??

?TAM

TAM

TAM

TAMTAM

TAM


“All-Optical” Service Provisioning & Engineering

! “All-Optical” ROADM network ties the service to the wavelength! Service provisioning becomes limited by optical engineering rules! End-end service turn-up limited by:

! Distance, amplification, fiber type, dispersion, PMD ! Number of add/drop nodes! Frequency of add/drop! Fault sectionalization & trouble-shooting

! Service provisioning becomes an engineering calculation

A – Z ServiceDemand

Wavelength for A – Z Service

??


“Digital” Service Provisioning & Engineering

! Full Digital OAM&P at each Digital Node! Optical link and impairments management isolated between nodes ! Optical service layer independent of optical transmission layer! Eliminates all constraints on end-end service path! Enhance access to PM and OAM&P data at all nodes! Simplify network planning, system engineering and service turn-up

DigitalNode

DigitalNode

DigitalNode

DigitalNode

DigitalNode

A – Z ServiceDemand

“4R” OEO-based management

Optical link management isolated between nodes

Digital Link


1. Deploy WDM line capacity in 100G increments with singleline card

2. “Bandwidth Ready Network” for new end-user demands3. Order tributary client interfaces only at end points4. Install tribs, activate, and test5. Connect to member…. In-service wave6. And repeat…. reduce overbuilds, less planning, etc.

Internet2: Rapid Service Delivery

Service Order:10G wave service from San Francisco to DC

Service Order:10G wave service from San Francisco to DC


Switching in WDM NetworksPoint-to-Point DWDM Architecture Limitations

Junction sites limited by:! Manual back-back O-E-O

interconnects! Or…use OXC for 2.5G/10G

service automation! Many O-E-O’s for pass-

through & drop traffic

Pass-through “express” traffic

Add/Drop “local” traffic

OXC

OO OO OO OO

OO OO OO OO

OOOOOO

OO

OOOOOO

OO

O-E-O

O-E-O

O-E-O O-E-O

O-E-OO-E-O

O-E-OO-E-O

O-E

-O

O-E

-O

O-E

-OO

-E-O


Switching in WDM NetworksSwitched WDM Unifies Transport and Bandwidth Management

Simplified nodal architecture:! Reduce number & cost of OEO

! Automate end-end 2.5G & 10G service provisioning with DTN

! Use OXC/MSPP for grooming at network edge

Sub-! muxing(STS-1/VC-4)


GMPLS Intelligence at Every Node

Restoration capability in the transport layer

GMPLS-enabled auto-provisioning at all nodes

UNI interface for client signaling to Digital Network

UNI-C GMPLS topology auto-discovery: physical and circuit topology


ADM

ADM ADM

ADM

ADM

ADM

ADM ADMADM

ADM

ADM

ADM

ADM

Digital Optical Network

SONET/SDH Network

IP Network

Next-Gen IP Networks

IP over WDM

Evolving Next-Gen IP Networks:• Affordable multi-!"capacity• Reconfigurable switched WDM• Support for 10GbE, 40G and future 100GbE• Robust optical layer protection• GMPLS end-end service management• UNI interface for inter-network signaling

Transport, protection and management of 2.5G/10G POS and 10GbE trunks


Architecture Impacts of Digital Networks

! Unconstrained reconfigurability at every node! Sub-! granularity possible for grooming, switching &

add/drop ! Consolidate DWDM transport & switching in core! Topology/distance-independent service activation! Support linear, ring and mesh topologies! Integrated sub-! protection & restoration! Integrated end-end GMPLS control plane


100 Gb/s Transmit

100 Gb/s Receive

Integration: Heart of a New Strategy

Thank You

[email protected]

photonic integration: a key enabler for digital optical networks

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