P h o t o g r a p h y is like an open book to the world -Lisa Jones-

Nida Abdullah Ababtain iD No. \ 430201040 Level \ 3 Prof. Noor

Photography 1

• P h o t o g r a p h y :

“ the camera is only a tool in the same that the brush is a tool, and one

capable in the hands of an artist of conveying thought, feeling, expressing

individuality, and also the usual attributes of art in their degree.” Henry Peach

Robinson 1830-1901

Photography is the Art, wich is allows us to express our feeling and emotions, it's the ability to imagine a final result in your mind's eye, and then to make it so with your tools at hand. The word "Photograph" was coined in 1839 by Sir John Herschel and is based on the Greek (phos) "light" and (graphê) "drawing", together meaning "drawing with light". Some photographers see that photography comes to be the recorder of their lifetime,when you carry your camera everywhere you go , you'll look at the beauty of your life you'll Capture every thing you saw , Every moment pass ! Light patterns reflected or emitted from objects activate a sensitive chemical or electronic sensor during a timed exposure ,usually through a photographic lens in a device known as a camera that also stores the resulting information chemically or electronically. Photography has many uses for business, science, art and pleasure.

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• H i s t o r y O f P h o t o g r a p h y :

Photography is the result of combining several technical discoveries. Long before the first photographs were made,

• Chinese philosopher Mo Ti and Greek philosophers such as Aristotle and Euclid described a pinhole camera in the 5th and 4th centuries B.C.E.

• Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) (965–1040) studied the camera obscura and pinhole camera.

• Albertus Magnus (1193/1206-1280) discovered silver nitrate.

• Georges Fabricius (1516-1571) discovered silver chloride

• Daniel Barbaro described a diaphragm in 1568. • Wilhelm Homberg described how light darkened some chemicals (photochemical effect) in1694.

• The novel Giphantie (by the French Tiphaigne de la Roche, (1729-1774) described what can be interpreted as photography.

The first permanent photograph was an image produced in 1825 by the French inventor Joseph Nicéphore Niépce.

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~ Want to learn photography ? Study painting ! There is a strong relationship between photography and painting , i can say the painting detected photography , as history said people who develop cameras and photography tools were painters, then the paint is some reason for discovering photography.

Nowadays photography is growing so fast to replace paint , it become easier to capture Landscape view for example , and show all the details in a few time neither paint it.

After that , the painters create several Art-Classes to learn Abstraction painting and something like that , we can't get it by camera tools.

Some photographers don't think so. They said, photography has different tools, stuffs , Overview, Assessment and results . Both of them belong to Art but in different ways .

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T y p e s O f P h o t o g r a p h y :

~ Portrait

is the capture by means of photography of the likeness of a person or a small group of people, in which the face and expression, The objective is to display the likeness, personality, and even the mood of the subject .

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~ LandScape is a term that covers the depiction of natural, such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests, and especially art where the main subject is a wide view .

~ Macro

is close-up photography. that enables you to focus from a position very close to the subject. the lens is typically optimized to focus sharply on a small area closing the size of the film frame In this way you can visualize an object as larger than life

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~Micro and Scientific

Photography through the microscope

enables scientists to capture and publish

what they see. Scientific photography,

both digital and analog, reaches out in

many other areas as well, documenting

such complex topics as astronomy,

geology, and the human body.

~ Fine Art

Is an art that shows the creativity of the photographer, and his ability to see the subject in a different way, Is what makes the photographer see the photographs as art. Fine art photography stands in contrast to photojournalism and commercial photography.

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~ Aerial Photography

photographers have found many creative

ways to get their cameras aloft. They may

shoot from airplanes, helicopters, balloons,

kites or even remotely controlled flying models.

Aerial get a bird's eye view of construction in

process, or record objects in flight.

~ Documentary / Photojournalism

A journalist tells stories. A photographer takes pictures of nouns (people, places and things). A photojournalism takes the best of both of them, and look at the photos that contain a strong sense of position

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~ Advertising /Studio Photos

made to illustrate a service or product.These

images are generally done with an advertising

agency, design firm or with an in-house

corporate design team. Is usually called ''

commercial photograph ''

~ Outdoor and Travel

A broad category, this includes recording special sights in varied geographic areas along with capturing landscapes and nature.

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~ Infrared (IR)With this type of photography you can get interesting “in-camera effects” false- color or black and white images with a dreamlike or sometimes lurid appearance

~ high speed and Sport

may refer to either or both of the following meanings. The first is that the photograph itself may be taken in a way as to appear to freeze the motion, especially to reduce motion blur. The second is that a series of photographs may be taken at a high sampling frequency or frame rate.

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T y p e s O f C a m e r a s :

~ SLR Cameras

For outdoor photography, the common SLR type of camera is best suited. SLR stands for single-lens reflex, where both the composition and metering as well as the actual film exposure are being done through a single lens.

~ Point & shoot compact cameras

The small compact cameras are not useful, except if you only take pictures of the most common weather phenomena like clouds, sunrise/sunset and so on. There are many more exotic weather phenomena which you can't photograph using a compact camera. Such a small camera is only useful to have with you all the time when you are not photographing with your SLR equipment, in case you see a rare or beautiful weather phenomenon (especially halos, rainbows, clouds, sunset).

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~ Medium-format cameras

Film frame size comes in a variety of ranges, the most widely used being the 35mm format. However, especially for high-resolution photography (e.g. lightning!) you might wish to expand your camera collection with a medium-format camera.Photography , the medium-format makes for much sharper photos, but is also more expensive; the cost scales approximately by surface area of film.

~ Large-format cameras

The large-format sizes range from 4x5 inches up to 8x10 inches (this is slide/print film size, not even a printed photo yet). It is useful for landscape photography, where the subject is fixed and you have time to get set up. Film at these sizes is very expensive so you want to be sure that your photo will be successful.

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The Correct Way To Take A Good Picture

~ Point of Interest

Locate a primary point of interest before taking a picture. When you've found which area is the most important to you, you should compose the photograph to include it. Remember, the purpose of photography is to take a photograph interesting enough that other people want to see it.

~ Contrast

A dark subject will have more impact if placed against a light background and vice versa. Although, contrasting colors can be used for emphasis they can become distracting if not used correctly. This picture shows the dark color of the trees and cardinal contrasting with the sky.

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~ Viewpoint

One way to change a picture drastically is simply by moving the camera up, down, or to one side. Coming up with an unusual point of view is how photographers take prize-winning photographs. The caribou in this picture was photographed from slightly above to give it an interesting twist.

~ Framing

A "frame" in a photograph is something in the foreground that leads you into the picture or gives you a sense of where the viewer is at the time it was taken. This example shows trees framing a shot of Devil's Tower. If the "frame" is too sharply focused it could become a distraction.

~ Balance

Usually, informal (asymmetric) balance is more pleasing in a photograph than formal (symmetric) balance. So, placing the main subject off-center and balancing the weight of it with other smaller or lower impact objects will be more pleasing than placing the subject in the center. The rock in the example to the left is balanced with the lake and the hills.

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~ Direction of movement

It is best to leave space in front of a subject that is capable of moving. Then it will appear to be moving into, as opposed to out of the photograph. The space in front of the buffalo in the picture makes it look like it walked into the shot.

~ Diagonals

Linear elements (roads, waterway, fences etc.) are usually viewed as more dynamic when they are placed diagonally as opposed to horizontally. In this example the river is moving diagonally.

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~ Rule of Thirds

The rule of thirds is a principle taught in photography which is based on the theory that the human eye travels naturally to a point about two-thirds up the page. Additionally, dividing a photograph into thirds allows you to achieve the informal balance mentioned earlier. As you can see indicated by the dashes, the squirrel is about two-thirds up.

~ Simplicity

Be sure that only the things you want the viewer to see appear in the picture. Your message will be lost if there are too many objects cluttering up the background. Consider using depth of field control to keep the background out of focus if you can't find an angle or framing to isolate your subject. In this example, the photograph is of a marmot without any distracting scenery.

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P h o t o g r a p h y a n d T h e L a w

Photography tends to be protected by the law through copyright and moral rights. Photography tends to be restricted by the law through miscellaneous criminal offences. Publishing certain photographs can be restricted by privacy law. Photography of certain subject matter can be generally restricted in the interests of public morality and the protection of children.

The law is different between countries , each country make there law agree with what they're thinkfor example , in United State the legal in public places says :

• It is generally legal to photograph or videotape anything and anyone on any public property, with some exceptions.

• Taking a photograph while on an airplane is banned in many places, and many mass transit systems prohibit taking photographs or videos while on board buses or trains or inside of stations.

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S a u d i P h o t o g r a p h e r s :

~ Fahad Aldaajani

• graduated from King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals with a major Marketing

• got third place in The Google Photography Prize challenged students from around the world

• Landscape photographer

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seascape view By Fahad

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~ Leena Al-hussayen

• graduated from King Saud University with a major Kindergarten

•Working as a photographer in the World Assembly of Muslim Youth

•General Photographer

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fine art photograph by Leena

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'' Not everybody trusts paintings but people believe photographs ''

Ansel Adams landscape photographer

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~ R e f e r e n c e s

• http://picasaweb.google.com• http://www.flickr.com/• http://www.deviantart.com/• http://labs.ideeinc.com/multicolr• http://friendsoflight.com ( Arabic)

• http://electronics.howstuffworks.com• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography• http://www.luminous-landscape.com/• http://www.kenrockwell.com/tech/what-is-photography.html• http://www.arthistory.sbc.edu/artartists/photography.html• http://www.answers.com

• The Digital Photography Book, Scott Kelby - 2006 • The Joy of Knowledge ( Arabic ) translated in 1980 - * default Edition by

Mitchell Beazley Publishers Limited -1977

• Google ( Search - Scholar - Knol )

Thanks for : - Leena AlHussayen - Fahad AlDaajani- Vanessa Dualib- meppol- Katarina Stefanovic - bernie ( foureyes )- angeloogle

Nida Ababtain.Jan , 2010

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- lesec- jjjohn- patrick-smith- scrubaimage- Schneeengel- Nellie Vin