photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry see example below

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Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistr See example below

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Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below. Cl. Cl. Ar. Ljósefnafræði ; Dæmi / photochemistry example:. Cl. Cl. Ar. Ljósefnafræði ; Dæmi / photochemistry example:. . . . Cl. Cl. Ar. Ljósefnafræði ; Dæmi / photochemistry example:. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

Photochemistry can be dramatically different from “ordinary” chemistry

See example below

Page 2: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

Ar

ClCl

Page 3: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

Ar

ClCl.

Page 4: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

ClCl

Ar

Page 5: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

ClClAr

+-

Page 6: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

ClCl

Ar

Page 7: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

* Sjá: http://www.hi.is/~agust/

Ljósmyndun efnahvarfa; Nóbelsverðlaunin í efnafræði, 1999

* Sjá: http://www.hi.is/~agust/

Page 8: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

Gangur og hraði efnahvarfa:

A + B C + D

Hr.efnahv.

Page 9: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

Ljósmyndun efnahvarfa; Nóbelsverðlaunin í efnafræði, 1999

Gangur og hraði efnahvarfa:

A + B C + D

Hr.efnahv.

Hraði = k[A] [B]; k = Aexp(-Ea/RT); k <= [A] vs t mælingar

Hr.efnahv.

Arrheníus: Nóbelsverðlaun 1903

Page 10: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

1930-1940: Kenning um skammlíft milliástand:Henry EyringMichael Polanyi

A + B

A..B

C + D

#

# Skammlíft milliástand:Líftími » tími tengjasveiflu, dæmigert 10-13 – 10-12 sek

1 2

1: 2:

Kenning

Page 11: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

1975-1990: Tilraunir með sameindabunur:

Hreyfanlegurskynjari

Árekstur

Sameinda-buna

Skynjunmyndefna/hvarfefna

-Ráðið í eiginleika milliástanda út frá dreifingu / endurkasti sameinda

Bunur

John C. PolanyiNóbelsverðlaun, 1986: Dudley Herzbach

Yuan Lee

Page 12: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

1985 - “Ljósmyndun efnahvarfa”

Þ.e. Gleypnimælingar milliástanda vs tími fyrir tíma(bil) £ 10-12 s:

A + B

C + D

ABA . .B

C ..D

CDGleypnimælingar með ljósleiftrum 10-15 s

0,000000000000001 s

“Femtósekúndu litrófsgreining”

Ljosm.

Nóbelsverðlaunin í efnafræði 1999:Próf. Ahmed Zewail, Caltech.

Page 13: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

Verðl.

Page 14: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

http://www.its.caltech.edu/~femto/

Femtol.

Page 15: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

Hvernig / Hvað?

A + B C + D

Öll stig hvarfsins koma fyrir samtímis, þ.e.:

Of margbreytilegt/flókið

Hvernig?

Page 16: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

Skapa þarf “samhæfðar aðstæður”:

Dæmi: “½ hvarf”, sbr.: ICN# I + CN, Þ.e.:

ICN#

Page 17: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

Skapa þarf “samhæfðar aðstæður”:

I

ICN#

ICN

I + CN

ICN# Myndað með femtó-sekúndu LASER-púlsgleypni

Gleypnimælingar

½ hvarf

Dæmi: “½ hvarf”, sbr.: ICN# I + CN, Þ.e.:

CN

Page 18: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

Framkvæmd:

ICN-Tilr.

Page 19: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

Nánar:

Gleypni-Mælingar:

Niðurstöður:

ICN-niðurst.

ICN# I + CN

ICN

Page 20: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

NaI

NaI

[NaI# Na..I# ] Na + I(b)(a)

(b)(a) NaI# Na

Page 21: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

Stilbene(1)

Page 22: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

Stilbene(2)

Page 23: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

Spýtt-kæling

Sameinda-buna

Van derWaals“Sameindir”

IH..OCO [I..H..O..CO] I +HO+CO

IH+OCO

Page 24: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

C4H8 C4H8# C2H4 + C2H4

???

Cyclob.

Page 25: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

C2F4I2 C2F4 + 2I:

C CFF

FF

I

I

C CF

FF

I

F

C CFF

FF

I

I

C CFF

FF

I

I..

I.

.

C CF

FF

I

FI.

.

?(1)

?(2)

Rofnun tetrafluordijoðetans:

C2F4I2

Page 26: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

mynataka

Page 27: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

5

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6

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7

Page 30: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below
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8

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9

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10

Page 40: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below
Page 41: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below
Page 42: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below
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Page 44: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below
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Page 46: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

A + M ???M1 + M2 ???A + B C + D

Reaction cross section:

Page 47: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

A + M ???M1 + M2 ???A + B C + D

Cross section = s = <d>2p

d

But ions:

Reaction cross section:

Page 48: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

A+ + B C + D

But ions:

---

-++

++

F µ 1/r2

Reaction cross section:

Page 49: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

+

A+ + B C + D

But Ions:

---

-++

++

Reaction cross section:

Page 50: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

A+ + B C + D

But ions:

Collision frequency much larger

Reaction cross section:

Page 51: Photochemistry can be dramatically  different from “ordinary” chemistry See example below

A + M ???M1 + M2 ???A + B C + D

d

+

Ions:

Collision crosssection = s >> <d>2p

Reaction cross section: