photo fun taking great photos written by: mary ellen riley · 3. use “open shade” outside sunny...
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Photo Fun
Taking Great Photos
Written by: Mary Ellen Riley
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Read your Manual
First and Foremost:
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Photography basics
Lighting
Composition
Camera Jargon
Editing and Printing
My Camera Settings
Special Situations
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Lighting
Photography means “recording light waves,”
therefore lighting is the primary focus
Ways to improve your lighting
1. Avoid using the on-camera flash
Look for light: a window, inside of the garage, indirect
sunshine around a building
2. Use on camera flash outside when you have very
dark/shaded areas and a bright/sunlit background
Called “fill flash”
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Sometimes when
you just need the
shot – forget the
rules and throw on
the flash.
Otherwise I
wouldn’t have this
photo at all.
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3. Use “open shade” outside
Sunny outside, under a tree
Overcast day
Direct sunlight = squinty eyes, bright sections, dark
shadows under brow and nose Cop
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y 4. Try to put the subject in position
to get “catch-lights” in their eyes
Usually a window, light bulb
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Example
of
Catch-
Lights
Source:
Bedroom
Window
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Example of
“Open Shade”
Taken on
Sunny
Afternoon
In the shade of
the porch
Of the house in
Quail Ridge
Park
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Taken at Founders Park
Morning
Partly Cloudy
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5. Metering (in camera manual)
If your camera has this option (see your instruction
manual under “metering” to see if it does)
For most children’s portraits and item photos set to
“spot metering”
There are usually 3 kinds: spot metering (meters the
light on the subject/thing in focus), center metering
(meters whatever is in the middle), and multizone
metering (meters everything in the shot; good for
landscapes or if family and landscape are in 1 shot
and both matter)
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Here, I metered on the face. This caused the snow to “blow out” or become
extremely white with no detail.
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COMPOSITION
1. Rule of Thirds:
More of a guideline than a rule
Place subject where lines intersect
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y Face is in upper
one third of the
photo.
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Collage of
Close-ups
Can be created
in Photoshop,
Or look for “collage”
at Walgreens,
Costco, etc.
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3. Get at Eye level: kneel, sit, crawl on floor C
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4. Use diagonals and lines to help add motion,
focus on the subject or add interest to the
photograph; experiment with different angles
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5. Frame the subject using what you have: chair,
window frame, picture frame, mirror, tree
branches, etc.
6. Get your subject in different positions: on the
tummy, looking over the shoulder, angle from
above, angle from below
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General Tips
Specifically for children: be fast. Carry the
camera everywhere and be somewhere the kids
will play well; make sure they are happy and
well-fed. Mid morning works well for most
Use a blank wall, textured background (brick or
stone), photography drapes or bed sheets
Use simple items that you already have for props
or some on Etsy
Bowls, flowers, baskets, hats, mirrors, etc.
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Camera Technical Jargon
ISO: camera’s (or film’s) sensitivity to light
50-100: bright sunshine
200: bright inside or shady outside
400: indoors
800 and up: low lighting like reception hall, church,
etc.
Drawback: the higher the ISO the more grainy (a.k.a.
“noise) the photograph will be
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ISO set to 100
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ISO set to 200
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ISO set to 400
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Aperture: how wide the lens is
Low aperture: blurry background e.g. F1.4, 1.8, 2.0
High aperture: everything is in focus
Most portraits use a low aperture
Most family portraits will use a higher aperture
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Shutter Speed: how fast the shutter goes
High shutter speed: fast moving scenes e.g. sports
Slow shutter speed: sitting still, nighttime
Lower the shutter speed the more camera shake
blurry photo
Remedy: higher ISO or wider aperture
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Slow Shutter Speed
F8
13 seconds shutter speed
Tripod
30mm focal length (wide lens)
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Zoom or lens focal length
For more natural looking photos, back away from the
child and zoom in
Why? Our eyes see at about 50 mm focal length
Landscapes: Wide angle (18-30mm)
Chasing children around: Zoom Lens (55-200mm)
Objects: 50mm-200mm
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55mm
B&W Conversion
Inside
White Back drop
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EDITING AND PRINTING
Editing Programs
Adobe Photoshop Elements ($73)
Adobe Photoshop CS5 ($670)
Adobe Photoshop Lightroom ($125)
Gimp (Free!)
Picnik.com (Free)
Picasa.google.com (Free)
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EDITING TIPS
Avoid cropping at the joints
Straighten any lines using “crop” and “rotate”
Crop away the background (sometimes)
Too dark or too light? Correct using “exposure”
or “gamma” or “brightness”. Most times I
increase the brightness or exposure
Most photos from a digital camera could use a
little “sharpening” or Adobe Photoshop “Unsharp
Mask”
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Created using Photoshop CS5 (possible using
Elements)
Interior/white back drop
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PRINTING
Mpix.com
Snapfish.com
Walgreens, Walmart, etc.
Costco
Try to crop the photo the way you want it before
sending it to the printer; otherwise they will
determine how it is cropped (e.g. 8x10, 11x14,
etc.)
Professionals print on Luster finish
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My Camera Bag C
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1. ISO – depends on light really - Changes a lot. 200 is a good
start.
2. Aperture Priority
3. Spot Metering
4. Unlock Focus Point
5. Aperture = F2 for food, F3 or F4 for Face portraits, F5 or F6
full body portraits, F12 for lots of people, F20 for bright
landscape
6. Vivid Mode
1. Nikon D80
2. 55-200mm lens, 18-55mm lens, 1.8D 50mm lens
3. Remote, tripod
4. Nikon SB200 Flash with diffuser
My Camera Settings
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OBJECTS
Simple backdrops and get close
Avoid flash or use an external flash
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BABIES
Use a bean bag to support the baby
Let the baby nurse often and keep the room
warm with a heater if necessary
Use as many props as you have since newborns
don’t have many “poses”
Get a lot of close-ups
Try black and white or sepia
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Bean Bag
Interior
1.8D 50mm lens
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IN CONCLUSION
Shoot what you love and forget what others think
Take lots and lots of photos
There really are no rules, but I am providing
guidelines for those that want to take quality
portraits
The simpler, the better
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