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IBM, PhoneGap and the Enterprise

July 29, 2011

Bryce Curtis Mobile and Emerging Internet Technology

IBM Software Group

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Overview

  IBM Team

 Why PhoneGap?

 Mobile in IBM

 Native vs Web

 Legal

 Cool Stuff

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IBM Team

Android iOS

Blackberry

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Mobile Landscape

  Exploding Mobile Demand  2013 will bring us more Mobiles than Desktops

 Next Generation of Application – Always – On  Using Services like Location, Notification,

Collaboration, etc…  Different Cost Models / ROI

 Business app lifecycle = 3 months

 Consumer app lifecycle = 3 days (most people try it only once)

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Mobile Landscape

  Exploding market for Mobile Applications  Consumers are demanding rich mobile access

across all their devices •  Phones, tablets, game stations, PCs •  Examples – Twitter, FourSquare, Pulse,

Collaboration  Businesses expect their users to be able to access

important applications and data from multiple devices •  Business brand accessed with similar function •  Examples – Mail, IM, Facebook, Google+,

Conferencing, Graphics

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Why Is Mobile Different?

•  Mobile users require efficient and timely access to information.

•  Interactions are short and focused, interruptions are common.

•  Devices are often exclusively touch-based.

•  User interfaces must be easy and obvious.

•  Screen real-estate is precious. •  Typing should be minimized.

  Applications must still be usable when out of wireless coverage.

  Timeliness of data must be communicated.

  Security is critical.   Often used for monitoring as opposed

to active consumption.   Social interactions are important.   Mobile hardware and user interfaces

evolve much faster than the typical enterprise software cycle.

Mobile users today expect high-fidelity access to the same information they have on the desktop, presented in an easy-to-learn, mobile-friendly (often touch-friendly) format.

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Why PhoneGap?

  Began working on mobile in early 2010   Several options

  IBM research (x2)

  Appcelerator - Titanium

•  Started out as hybrid, but changed to JS   Ansca Mobile – Corona

•  Ruby   Rhodes – Rhomobile

•  Lua   QuickConnect

  PhoneGap •  HTML, JS, CSS

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Why PhoneGap?

 Vision  Meshes with IBM’s vision and strategy  Hybrid framework  Open source framework  Standards based  Goal is to become obsolete

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Desktop

Mobile

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Why PhoneGap?

IBM Mobile Strategy

“Extend our platform to mobile based devices using open standards and technologies targeting the broadest set of devices possible leveraging the skills and infrastructure of our existing customers.”

-- Greg Truty, WebSphere Strategist

“Provide mobile tools and applications that leverage open, standards-based web technologies when appropriate. This includes HTML5, JavaScript, CSS, PhoneGap and Mobile Dojo.”

-- Bryce Curtis, Mobile Technologist

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Why PhoneGap?

  Vision  Platforms

 Supported more platforms  iPhone, Android, Blackberry 4.x, Symbian  More platforms added:

•  Blackberry OS5/6, WebOS, Windows Phone, Bada

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Why PhoneGap?

  Vision   Platforms  Architecture

 Great architecture  Modular (Plug-ins concept)  Extensible

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PhoneGap Architecture

PhoneGap Plug-ins Web App

PhoneGap Application

HTML

CSS

JavaScript

Resources

Accelerometer

Camera

Compass

Contacts

File

Geolocation

Media

Network

Notification

Storage

Custom Plug-ins HTML Rendering Engine (WebView) PhoneGap

Native APIs

HTM

L A

PIs

Pho

neG

ap

JS A

PIs

Mobile OS

OS

AP

Is

OS

AP

Is

Input

Services Sensors

Graphics

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Why PhoneGap?

  Vision   Platforms   Architecture  MIT License

 Friendly licenses are a must to get through IBM legal  GPL cannot generally be used for IBM products  Many enterprise customers have similar legal guidelines  Customers want indemnification from IBM

... claims licenses that Apple has with Lodsys don't cover use of its technology by independent developers who use it in apps they make for the iPhone and iPad.

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Why PhoneGap?

  Vision   Platforms   Architecture   MIT License  Community

 Large, active community  Great user and developer forums  Developer mindshare

500,000 Downloads 175,000 visits/month 6100+ forum members

Positive feedback from IBM and customers

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A Look Back

 Platforms that IBM considered important a year ago  iOS, Android 1.x/2, Blackberry OS 4.x/5/6  Some interest in Symbian, Windows Phone

Cell phones are obsolete after 6-12 months

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A Look Back

  Platforms that IBM considered important a year ago   iOS, Android 1.x/2, Blackberry OS 4.x/5/6

 Some interest in Symbian, Windows Phone

  Initial goals  Consistent API  Consistent support  Good documentation  Tests

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Features

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Documentation

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Testing

  mobile-spec  Significantly expanded test coverage

•  Automatic tests •  Interactive tests

 Validate releases  Eliminate regression

 Comprehensive test plan?

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IBM Developers

 Features  Barcode scanner  Push notifications  Calendar APIs  Remote loading

Products are willing to write plug-ins for PhoneGap and contribute back to community.

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Remote Loading

PhoneGap Plug-ins Shell App

PhoneGap Application

Loader Accelerometer

Camera

Compass

Contacts

File

Geolocation

Media

Network

Notification

Storage

Custom Plug-ins HTML Rendering Engine (WebView)

PhoneGap Native APIs

HTM

L A

PIs

Pho

neG

ap

JS A

PIs

Mobile OS

OS

AP

Is

OS

AP

Is

Input

Services Sensors

Graphics

Web App

HTML

CSS

JavaScript

Resources

Web Server

Load remote app over web

  Loads web app over HTTP

  Application hosted on web server –  Easily updated

–  Personalization

–  Same benefits of web app but with access to device features

IBM PhoneGap Browser - anyone can write mobile app

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IBM Developers

  Features  Tooling/debugging

 Integrate with Eclipse & IBM RAD  Development & Simulation without SDKs  Multiple builds from single www directory

 Test plan & scenarios  Documentation

 User manual  IBM DeveloperWorks papers

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IBM Developers

  Features   Tooling/debugging   Test plan & scenarios   Documentation  Globalization

 Plug-ins for iOS, Android and Blackberry  Security

 Secure stores  Encryption  Enterprise apps sandboxed

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IBM Developers

  Features   Tooling/debugging   Test plan & scenarios   Documentation   Globalization   Security  PhoneGap is part of the bigger picture

 MEAP  Analytics  Mobile device and app management  Back-end connectors  VPN

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IBM Customers

 Easy development  Tried native  Web based

Native worked ok the first time. But... then came more versions and more phones

Native development cost = 2-3x Web cost + Maintenance cost

Customers are realizing benefit of mobile web.

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IBM Customers

  Easy development   Tried native

  Web based

 Works with existing servers

 Works with existing services  Ajax/XHR  REST

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IBM Customers

  Easy development   Tried native

  Web based   Works with existing servers   Works with existing services

  Ajax/XHR

  REST   End-to-end solution

 Customer access to existing services  Employee access to internal services

  Moving cautiously (investigating)  Security is critical

  Distribution  Distribute on App Store  Get around Apple’s App Store

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Native vs Web

  This discussion is ongoing   One solution does not fit all

 Trade-offs   Not everyone agrees

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Native vs Web

  This discussion is ongoing   One solution does not fit all

 Trade-offs   Not everyone agrees

“If you can build your app with HTML, CSS and JavaScript, then you probably should.” - Johnathan Stark

“By 2015, mobile Web technologies will have advanced sufficiently such that half of the applications that today would be written as native apps will be, instead, delivered as Web apps.”

– Gartner Predications 2010: Web Technologies Will Evolve in Multiple Directions

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Comparison

Web Hybrid Native

Performance

Dev cost

Dev time

App portability

Native functionality App store distribution

Extensible

Reasonable Reasonable Expensive

Short Short Long

High High None

No All All

Fast Native speed if needed Very Fast

No Yes Yes

No Yes Yes

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Legal

That depends upon what your definition of “is” is.

-- President Bill Clinton

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Legal

  License agreements   MIT, BSD, Apache

•  Grant the end-user permission to do anything they wish with the source code.

  GPL, LGPL •  Copyleft license •  Modifications made and redistributed by the end-user must include

the source code for these •  End-user is not allowed to re-assert the removed copyright back over

their derivative work. •  The modified software is must be made publicly available for further

modification by any user. •  Linking GPL libraries may not be allowed. •  Not usually acceptable for products.

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Legal

  Inbound license or Contributor License Agreement (CLA)   Defines the terms under which intellectual property has been contributed

to a company/project

  Contributor agrees they have the right to contribute code •  Originator/author

  Apache Software Foundation:

•  The purpose of this agreement is to clearly define the terms under which intellectual property has been contributed to the ASF and thereby allow us to defend the project should there be a legal dispute regarding the software at some future time.

  Protects PhoneGap project and anyone who uses it.

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Legal

  JSON   The license includes this restriction: "The software shall be used for

good, not evil." If your conscience cannot live with that, then choose a different package.

  Apple iOS SDK License   Potential for contamination by proprietary information

  Unlimited liability for user, extremely limited liability for Apple

  Restrictions on distribution

  App acceptance subject to Apple’s rules

  IBM teams have segmented development   iOS developers cannot write code for other devices

  Android, BB developers cannot look at iOS SDK docs

  iOS apps cannot be ported – must go other direction

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Cool Stuff

 phonegap-simjs  PhoneGap development using JavaScript simulator

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Cool Stuff

  phonegap-simjs   PhoneGap development using JavaScript simulator

 phonegap-java  Desktop version of PhoneGap  Based upon Java for cross-platform  Ported Android code

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Cool Stuff

  phonegap-simjs   PhoneGap development using JavaScript simulator

  phonegap-java   Desktop version of PhoneGap

  Based upon Java for cross-platform

  Ported Android code

 Dojo Mobile

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Mobile Dojo (dojox.mobile)   JavaScript toolkit and widget set for creating mobile applications   Optimized for mobile browsers

  Lightweight, minimal dependencies   Native look

  CSS themes for both iOS and Android-based devices

  iOS and Android-style controls and widgets

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Mobile Dojo (dojox.mobile)   CSS features used to optimize webkit-

based browsers   Animation, gradient colors, rounded

rectangles   Animation

  Uses CSS3-based animation where possible

  Can use JavaScript animation for clients with don't support CSS3 animations

  Flip, slide, fade   Responds to both orientations as well

orientation changes   Complete mobile widget framework

  Switch, buttons, headings, tabs, lists, icons, containers

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Dojo Mobile – iPhone Theme

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Heading with a back button Round Rectangle List Edge-to-Edge List Round Rectangle List (Variable Height)

Tab Container Icon Container Switch RoundRect

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Mobile Dojo - Widgets   Charts

 Optimized for mobile

 Themes adapted to small screens   iOS, Android, Blackberry

 Touch support for scrolling and panning

  Gauges  Several new predefined styles

 Touch support for changing value   iOS, Android, Blackberry

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http://chrism.dojotoolkit.org/mobile-0.2/make_samples/dojo-samples/demos/mobile-gallery/demo.html

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Mobile Dojo – View Navigation

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PageA

PageB

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