philosophy with curriculum design online course/learning... · philosophy with curriculum design...
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Philosophy
with Curriculum Design
Asst. Prof. Dr.Marut Patphol
Graduate School
Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok Thailand
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A comprehensive philosophy of education is necessary to guide in making analysis objectives.
Marut Patphol: 2015
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A philosophy in the context
of curriculum development
can be defined simply
as a formal set of
statements about the
purpose of educating. Marut Patphol: 2015
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The first important task in
defining the program of
your school is to find
the common beliefs held
by persons in the school
community. Marut Patphol: 2015
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Traditional Views
of
Education Marut Patphol: 2015
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Education is a process
of changing the behavior
patterns of people.
Marut Patphol: 2015
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The ultimate goal of the educational
process is to help human beings
become educated persons.
Schooling is the preparatory stage:
it forms the habit of learning and
provides the means for continuing
to learn after the schooling
process is complete. Marut Patphol: 2015
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Traditional education consist of bodies of information (subjects) and of skill that have been worked out in the past.
Marut Patphol: 2015
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Traditional education consist of bodies of information (subjects) and of skill that have been worked out in the past.
Marut Patphol: 2015
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Progressive Views
of
Education Marut Patphol: 2015
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The progressive emphasizes the
importance of studying the child
to fine out what kinds of interests
he has, what problems he encounters,
what purpose he has in mind.
The progressive sees this information
as providing the basic source for
selecting objectives. Marut Patphol: 2015
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Education cultivates individuality
and acquiring skills
to make the most of the
opportunities of the present life.
Marut Patphol: 2015
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At the heart of purposeful
activity in curriculum development
is an educational philosophy that
assists in answering value – laden
questions , making decisions from
among the many choices,
and designing programs. Marut Patphol: 2015
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Ralph Tyler, a leader in curriculum
throughout much of the 20th century,
linked philosophy to “a screen for
selecting educational objectives”.
We also see philosophy as the frame
work for all curriculum design work. Marut Patphol: 2015
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Philosophy can therefore serve curriculum leaders in many ways. They can help to:
1. Suggest purpose in education
2. Clarify objectives and learning activities in school
3. Suggest the format for instructional delivery
4. Guide the selection of learning strategies and tactics in the classroom
5. Organize evaluation activities Marut Patphol: 2015
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Major philosophies of life and education have traditionally been defined by three criteria in the form of three questions : What is good? What is true? What is real? In the language of philosophy, the study of
goodness or values to as axiology,
knowledge or truth as epistemology,
and reality as ontology.
Marut Patphol: 2015
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Five Educational Philosophies
Marut Patphol: 2015
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1. Perennialism The most conservative, traditional,
and structured of the five philosophies is
perennialism, a philosophy drawing heavily
from classical definitions of education.
Marut Patphol: 2015
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Perennialists believe that education,
like human nature, is a constant.
Because the distinguishing
characteristic of humans
is the ability to reason,
education should focus on
developing rationality. Marut Patphol: 2015
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For the perennialists, education is a preparation for life, and students should be taught the world’s permanencies through structured study.
Marut Patphol: 2015
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2. Idealism
Idealism is a philosophy that espouse the refine wisdom of men and women. Reality is seen as a world within a person’s mind, and truth is to be found in the consistency of ideas. Goodness is an ideal state, something to strive to attain.
Marut Patphol: 2015
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Idealist favor schools that teach
subjects of the mind, such as
are found in most public school
classrooms. Teacher, for the
idealist, would be exemplars -
models of ideal behavior.
Marut Patphol: 2015
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For idealists, the school’s function
is to sharpen intellectual processes,
to present the wisdom of the ages,
and to present models of behavior
that are desirable. Students in such
schools would have a somewhat passive
role, receiving and memorizing the
reporting of the teacher. Marut Patphol: 2015
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3. Realism
For the realist, the world is as it is, and the job of schools is to teach students about that world. Goodness, for the realist, is found in the laws of nature and the order of the physical world. Truth is the simple correspondences of observation.
Marut Patphol: 2015
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The realist favors a school
dominated by subjects of the
here – and – now world, such
as disciplines of knowledge.
Students would be taught
factual information for mastery
Marut Patphol: 2015
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4. Experimentalism
For the experimentalism, the world is
an ever – changing place. Reality is what is
actually experienced. Truth is what presently
functions. Goodness is what is accepted by
public test. Unlike the perennialist, the
idealist, and the realist, the experimentalist
openly accepts change and continually seeks
to discover new ways to expand and
improve society. Marut Patphol: 2015
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5. Existentialism
The existentialism, a proponent of the newest philosophy, sees the world in terms of personal subjectivity. Goodness, truth, and reality are individually defined. Reality is a world of existing, truth is subjectively chosen, and goodness is a matter of freedom.
Marut Patphol: 2015
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For existentialists, schools,
of they existed at all,
would be places that assisted
students in knowing
themselves and learning
their place in society. Marut Patphol: 2015
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15 major dimensions of schooling that reflect the schooling philosophy in its totality. 1. Community involvement 2. School buildings and grounds 3. Classroom space 4. Organization of knowledge 5. Uses of learning materials 6. Philosophy of education 7. Teachings strategies 8. Staffing patterns 9. Organization of students 10. Rules and regulations 11. Disciplinary measures 12. Reporting of student progress 13. Administrative attitudes 14. Teachers roles 15. Student roles
Marut Patphol: 2015
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5. Existentialism
The existentialism, a proponent of the newest philosophy, sees the world in terms of personal subjectivity. Goodness, truth, and reality are individually defined. Reality is a world of existing, truth is subjectively chosen, and goodness is a matter of freedom.
Marut Patphol: 2015
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The eight common curriculum designs
Marut Patphol: 2015
Type Purpose Activity Content – based instruction Knowledge acquisition Facts, data, representative
forms Skill – based instruction Processing and
manipulation Practice, ordering,
applications Inquiry approach Awareness, interest Unknowns, sampling
Conceptual learning Understanding Big ideas, familiarity
Interdisciplinary learning Making connections Applications
Cooperative learning Coordinating social skills Group work
Problem solving Applying skills Current events
Critical and creative thinking Construction of new forms Model building, imagination
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Curriculum development is a
value – laden process in which
leaders choose from many
possibilities. A prerequisite to
leadership in curriculum is
identification and development
of a philosophy of education,
that is, a clear set of assumptions
that will guide decision making. Marut Patphol: 2015
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