pragmatism

Philosophy of Education

Presented by:Phebe Esther .JM.Sc. Nursing

“Education is an all round drawing out of the best in

child and man – body, mind and spirit”

“Philosophy is an attempt to think truly about human experience or to make

out whole experience Intelligible”- Bright man

“The Philosophy of one century is the common sense of the next”

- Henry ward Beecher

Significance of Philosophy of Education

• Philosophy and Aims of Education• Curriculum and Philosophy • Philosophy and Method of Teaching• Philosophy and Text-Books• Philosophy and Discipline• Philosophy and the Teacher • Philosophy and Evaluation

pragmatism

“Good judgement comes from experience and often experience comes from bad

judgement”- Rita Mac Brown

Pragmatism…..• Believes in practical and utilitarian philosophy• Pragmatism derived from Greek word “Practice”

or “Action”• Derived from the word Pragma which means

activity, work done or to make or to accomplish• Pragmatism – lives in the world of facts not on

ideas

Pragmatism…..• Also called Instrumentalism or Functionalism• Because it impacts on ‘Learning by Doing’• Also called Experimentalism - ‘Learning by

experience’

Definition of Pragmatism

History and Origin

Pragmatism vs idealism• Idealism – knowledge or idea leads to practice• Pragmatism – ideas are constricted from

experience• First comes practice – basis for principles and

ideas to derived

• Realism believes in truth – Theory of Truth• According to realism – if an object – considered –

hard – it should be hard to all• But pragmatism says – if hard to one – should

experimentally want to prove

Pragmatism vs realism

Forms of pragmatism

Features of pragmatismIn Pragmatism….• Values are created through experimentation• Educational practice – experimental• Child learns by doing • Curriculum – actively centered• Moral Values cannot be imposed by the older upon

younger generation• Project method is the main method of teaching

Principles of pragmatism

Metaphysics and pragmatismIn view of pragmatism…• Man can know nothing beyond his experience• So questions related to nature of man or

universe – simply cannot answer

• Pragmatism accepts – empirical and rational knowledge• But integrated 2 forms into single method of thinking• All that can be known is dependent upon experience• It follows that knowledge and truth must be changing

epistemology and pragmatism

• In pragmatism, values are derived from the human condition

• Since man is a part of his society, the consequences of his actions are either good or bad, according to result

axiology and pragmatism

Pragmatism in education

Pragmatism insists…• Education – practical and utilitarian • Education – according to needs• Education – solve own problems• Activities should lie at center of all educative process

Pragmatism and education processPragmatism revolutionized the educational system. Pragmatic

trend in education is known as progressivism.Various aspects of educational implications of pragmatism

are:• Philosophy and Aims of Education• Curriculum and Philosophy • Philosophy and Method of Teaching• Philosophy and Discipline• Philosophy and the Teacher • Philosophy and Evaluation

Pragmatism and aims of education• Pragmatists don't believe in pre-conceived aims of

education• Education becomes the laboratory of life• Consider while forming aims

– Creation of new values (for experience & values)– Activity and exercise (to create new values)– Personal and Social adjustment (cope up)– Reconstruction of experience (providing social

setting )–All around personality development

Pragmatism and curriculum

Curriculum….• Experience – to educate• Life – centered curriculum• Only one subject – the art of modern living• Curriculum – formulated based on :

• Activity curriculum• Principle of utility• Principle of interest• Principle of integration

Pragmatism and method of teaching

Methods of teaching….• Gives importance to child than books or teachers• Avoids outdated and rigid method of learning• Methods include:

• Learning by Doing• Provision of real life situation• Project method (real and purposeful tasks)• Discussion, questioning and inquiry

Pragmatism and Discipline

Discipline….• Gives lot of freedom to children• Teacher – guide – self Discipline• Acts – carried in a happy and free environment• Self Discipline – not exposed by authority• Social Discipline – participation in school society

Pragmatism and Teacher

Teacher….• Creates a real life situation – child interested to solve• Keep student as – discoverer and experimenter• Not impose anything – child will decide own aim, goal• Not a dictator – only “leader of group activities”• As a friend, philosopher and guide• Can maintain a close relationship

Pragmatism and the school

School….• Miniature society – real experience• School – need not to be as classroom – benches – teaching

– listening• A work shop or laboratory can be a school• Any social environment – inspires children - school

Pragmatism and Text Book

Importance is given to children and not to Books

Pragmatism and Evaluation

Evaluation…

• Individually – based on type of work• Tools should include objective tests, project reports,

anecdotal records, attitudes and rating scales and aptitude and personality test

Pragmatism and nursing education

In nursing education…..

• Nursing educator – creates a real life situation• Experimentation of discover by doing – improve

skills• Nursing students – use self effort, skills

development, creativity, observes and analyses in that situation

• Improve clinical skills, intellectual and moral skills

Journal….

Foundation of Sociology of Health and Illness, in 2015 Aug, conducted a study, “Meeting Pragmatism

Halfway: Making a Pragmatic Clinical Trial Protocol”, it says PCT are used commonly to measure the

effectiveness of health care interventions in real world clinical setting

Journal….

Journal of American Board of Family Medicine in 2014 Dec, Conducted a study, “Using the Pragmatic – Explanatory Continum Indicator Summary (PRECIS) model in clinical

research : Application to refine a practice based research network (PBRN) study”. PRECIS model was Introduced in 2009. this study is to introduce clinical researcher to this

model to demonstrate its application to practice based study

Merits and demerits of pragmatism

Limitations of Pragmatism:• Problems selected by student – unreal• Pragmatism Does not Provide regular and Systematic

instruction• Leaves many curricular gaps – learning process• Puts heavy demand on teacher • Artificiality in situation• Teacher – like information officer – no faith in truth• Less practiced in India

XsEED System of Education

• XSEED for NURSERY TO GRADE- V• XSEED is a complete education solution designed to

transform classroom teaching. XSEED brings the experiential learning concept to life through its practical approach towards syllabus, teacher training and assessment. The XSEED intervention takes place in and beyond the classroom. XSEED strengthens the connection between Students and teachers, an important aspect of school education

To Conclude….Though is was an old and traditional philosophy, it had a futuristic thought to change the traditional

education methods. Thus The Educational Philosophy – Pragmatism is still applicable in todays

modern world