philippine constitution revised
TRANSCRIPT
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Philippine Constitution
An Introduction
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Education for citizenship
Essential part of liberal education
Knowledge and understanding of government
Why is it necessary to study the Constitution?
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State – a community of persons more or less numerous permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of its own to which the great body of inhabitants renders obedience, and and enjoying freedom from external control
Concept of State and Government
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1. People – mass of population living within the state
Elements of the State
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Elements of the State
2. Territory – fixed portion of the surface of the earth inhabited by the people of the state
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3. Government – agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and carried out
Elements of the State
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4. Sovereignty – the supreme power of the state to command and enforce obedience
2 Manifestations
• External sovereignty• Internal sovereignty
Elements of the State
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1. Divine Right Theory – holds that the state is of divine creation and the ruler is ordained by God to govern the people
Origin of the State
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2. Necessity or force theory – maintains that states must have been created through force
Origin of the State
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3. Paternalistic theory – attributes the origin of states to the enlargement of the family
Origin of the State
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Origin of the State
4. Social Contract theory – asserts that the early
states must have been formed by deliberate and voluntary
compact among people to form a government of
their own
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1. As to the number of the persons exercising sovereign power:
a. Monarchy – the supreme and final authority is in the hands of a single person. It is further classified into: absolute monarchy and limited monarchy.
b. Aristocracy – the political power is exercised by the few priviledged class
c. Democracy – the political power is exercised by the majority of people. It is futher classified into two: direct or pure democracy and indirect or representative democracy
Forms of Government
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2. As to extent of powers exercised by the central or national government
a. Unitary Government – the control of national and local affairs is exercised by the central or national government
b. Federal Government – the powers of government are divided between two sets of organs, one for national affairs and the other for local affairs
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3. As to the relationship between the executive and the legislative branches of government
a. Parliamentary – the state confers upon the legislature the power to terminate the tenure of office of the real executive
b. Presidential – the state makes the executive constituionally independent of the legislative