philipp hasselbach capacity optimization for self- organizing networks: analysis and algorithms...
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Philipp Hasselbach
Capacity Optimization for Self-organizing Networks: Analysis and AlgorithmsPhilipp Hasselbach
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2Philipp Hasselbach
Inhomogeneous capacity demand Rush hour traffic Concerts, sports tournaments Change in user behaviour
Motivation
Capacity Optimization As much capacity as
required At all times and all places Achieved by allocation of
cell bandwidth and transmit power to the cells
1tt
2tt
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3Philipp Hasselbach
Capacity in Cellular Networks
Downlink considered
Link capacity influencing factors User position Attenuation Shadowing Inter-cell interference
Cell capacity influencing factors User distribution Service type Scheduling
Transmit powerCell bandwidthInter-cell inter-ference powerSINR of user kNoise power
txP
NPk
IPB
N1 ,P
BP ,txIP
N2 ,P
IP
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4Philipp Hasselbach
Self-organizing Networks (SONs)
Drivers High complexity of mobile radio
technology Operation of several networks of different
technologies Need to reduce CAPEX and OPEX
Autonomous operation In configuration, optimization, healing Circumventing classical planning and
optimization processes
SONS: Shift of paradigm Source:FP7 SOCRATES
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5Philipp Hasselbach
Automatic Capacity Optimization for SONs
Real-time capabilities Treatment of large networks Accurate results Reliable operation
Depends onuser distributionenvironmentInter-cell interference (ICI)
Interdependencies among cells and users
Capacity optimizationSON requirements
Source:FP7 SOCRATES
High complexity, excessive signaling
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6Philipp Hasselbach
Outline
Cell-centric Network Model Requirements and Derivation PBR- and PBN-Characteristic
Automatic Capacity Optimization for SONs Self-Organizing Approach Network State evaluation Network Capacity Optimization
Simulation and Analysis Functional Analysis Real-World Analysis
Summary
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7Philipp Hasselbach
Outline
Cell-centric Network Model Requirements and Derivation PBR- and PBN-Characteristic
Automatic Capacity Optimization for SONs Self-Organizing Approach Network State evaluation Network Capacity Optimization
Simulation and Analysis Functional Analysis Real-World Analysis
Summary
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8Philipp Hasselbach
Cell-centric Network Model: Requirements
Application for allocation of resources cell bandwidth and transmit powers to the cells Modeling of the relation between cell bandwidth, transmit power and cell
performance Low complexity
Consideration of User QoS requirements User distribution Environment Inter-cell interference Interdependencies among cells
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9Philipp Hasselbach
Cell-centric Network Model
User bit rate Cell throughput PBR-Characteristic
•SINR measurements•User distribution, environment model
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10Philipp Hasselbach
Cell-centric Network Model
User bit rate
•Number of users•User QoSrequirements
Cell throughput PBR-Characteristic
•User bit rate pdf•empiric• theoretic
•SINR measurements•User distribution, environment model
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11Philipp Hasselbach
Cell-centric Network Model
Ce
ll t
hro
ug
hp
ut
in M
bit
/s
User bit rate
•Number of users•User QoSrequirements
Cell throughput PBR-Characteristic
•Outage probability p•Cell bandwidth B•Transmit power P
•User bit rate pdf•empiric• theoretic
•Cell throughput cdf•empiric• theoretic
•SINR measurements•User distribution, environment model
p
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12Philipp Hasselbach
PBR- and PBN-Characteristic
PBR-Characteristic Relates transmit power, cell bandwidth,
cell throughput of cell i
PBN-Characteristic Relates transmit power, cell bandwidth,
number of users of cell i
Cel
l th
rou
gh
pu
t in
Mb
it/s
Nu
mb
er o
f u
sers
iii BfR ,R
iii BfN ,N
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13Philipp Hasselbach
PBR- and PBN-Characteristic
PBR-Characteristic Relates transmit power, cell bandwidth,
cell throughput of cell i
PBN-Characteristic Relates transmit power, cell bandwidth,
number of users of cell i
Cel
l th
rou
gh
pu
t in
Mb
it/s
Nu
mb
er o
f u
sers
iii BfR ,R
iii BfN ,N
Power ratio: relates transmit powerto average inter-cell interference power
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14Philipp Hasselbach
PBR- and PBN-Characteristic
PBR-Characteristic Relates transmit power, cell bandwidth,
cell throughput of cell i
PBN-Characteristic Relates transmit power, cell bandwidth,
number of users of cell i
Cel
l th
rou
gh
pu
t in
Mb
it/s
Nu
mb
er o
f u
sers
iii BfR ,R
iii BfN ,N
Available for different schedulers
Available for different schedulers
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15Philipp Hasselbach
Outline
Cell-centric Network Model Requirements and Derivation PBR- and PBN-Characteristic
Automatic Capacity Optimization for SONs Self-Organizing Approach Network State evaluation Network Capacity Optimization
Simulation and Analysis Functional Analysis Real-World Analysis
Summary
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16Philipp Hasselbach
Self-organizing Approach
Self-organizing control loop: Network state optimization Application of PBR-/PBN-Characteristic Determination of possible performance Comparison with required performance Decision to take action
Network capacity optimization Definition of optimization problems Application of PBR-/PBN-Characteristic
in objective function and constraints Solution of optimization problems to
obtain resource allocation to cells Constant cell sizesC
ell
thro
ug
hp
ut
in M
bit
/s
Collectionof measure-ments
Networkstateevaluation
Networkcapacityoptimisation
Cellularradio
network
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17Philipp Hasselbach
Network State Evaluation
Current network state Number of users in cell i: Cell bandwidth: Power ratio:
Number of users that can be supported by the cell (obtained from PBN-Characteristic):
: no action
: network optimization
iN~
iB
Nu
mb
er o
f u
sers
i
iBi
Nii NN ~
Nii NN ~
iN
iii BfN ,N
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18Philipp Hasselbach
Network Capacity Optimization
yfeasibilit
bandwidth cellmax.
powertransmit max.
QoSusermin.s.t.
,Capacitymax,
BPBP
Network through-put R
Total number of users N
Transmit power P
Cell band-width B
Joint P,B
i
iii BRR ,
i
iii BNN ,
Optimization problems Optimization approaches
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19Philipp Hasselbach
Network Capacity Optimization
yfeasibilit
bandwidth cellmax.
powertransmit max.
QoSusermin.s.t.
,Capacitymax,
BPBP
Network through-put R
Total number of users N
Transmit power P
Cell band-width B
Joint P,B
i
iii BRR ,
i
iii BNN ,
Optimization problems Optimization approaches
Central and distributed solving algorithms for analysis and implementation
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20Philipp Hasselbach
Outline
Cell-centric Network Model Requirements and Derivation PBR- and PBN-Characteristic
Automatic Capacity Optimization for SONs Self-Organizing Approach Network State evaluation Network Capacity Optimization
Simulation and Analysis Functional Analysis Real-World Analysis
Summary
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21Philipp Hasselbach
Simulation Approach for Functional Analysis
Inhomogeneous capacity demand: hotspot scenarios users in hotspot cell, users in
non-hotspot cell
Hotspot factor
Wrap-around technique to avoid border effects
Evaluation of capacity optimization approaches w.r.t. hotspot distribution
Evaluation for different hotspot strengths
w/o coordination of bandwidth allocations of neighbored cells Mitigation of inter-cell interference
LTE-typical simulation parameters
hsN 0N
Single hotspot scenario Cluster hotspot scenario Multi hotspot scenario
0
hshs N
N
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22Philipp Hasselbach
Simulation Parameters for Functional Analysis
Cell radius R 250 m
Number of cells 39
User distribution uniform
Propagation model 3GPP SCM Urban Macro
Shadow fading variance 8 dB
Max. transmit power 33 dBm
Total system bandwidth 10 MHz
Scheduling PF, FT
Data rate per user 100 kbit/s
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23Philipp Hasselbach
Network Throughput Optimization, Single Hotspot Scenario
PF scheduling FT scheduling
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24Philipp Hasselbach
Network Throughput Optimization, Coordinated Bandwidth Allocations
Cluster HS Scenario Multi HS Scenario
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25Philipp Hasselbach
Functional Analysis: Summary
Adaptation of the network to inhomogeneous capacity demands achieved For strong inhomogeneous capacity demand coordination of bandwidth
allocations required For FT scheduling coordination of bandwidth allocations required
Transmit power allocation favorable with clustered hotspot cells Cell bandwidth allocation and joint allocation favorable with distributed
hotspot cells
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26Philipp Hasselbach
Simulation Approach for Real-World Analysis
Scenario based on real network Network footprint from existing network Downtown area, 50 km², 46 sites, 126 sectors Pilot power receive strength prediction for each sector
Determination of cell borders
Inhomogeneous capacity demand According to user distribution estimation Based on DL throughput measurements 229 snapshots over 5 days
Performance analysis Consideration of snapshots 10-50 Evaluation of performance in strongest hotspots
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27Philipp Hasselbach
Real-World-Analysis: Hotspot Strength and Strongest Hotspots
Strongest hotspotMaximum hotspot strength
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28Philipp Hasselbach
Real-World-Analysis: Hotspot Strength and Strongest Hotspots
Strongest hotspotMaximum hotspot strength
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29Philipp Hasselbach
Real-World-Analysis: Hotspot Strength and Strongest Hotspots
Strongest hotspotNetwork throughput,FT scheduling
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30Philipp Hasselbach
Outline
Cell-centric Network Model Requirements and Derivation PBR- and PBN-Characteristic
Automatic Capacity Optimization for SONs Self-Organizing Approach Network State evaluation Network Capacity Optimization
Simulation and Analysis Functional Analysis Real-World Analysis
Summary
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31Philipp Hasselbach
Summary
Cell-centric network modeling proposed PBR- and PBN-Characteristic Provides accurate modeling for automatic capacity optimization for SONs Avoids high complexity and high signaling effort
Self-Organizing Approach proposed Application of cell-centric network model Central and distributed implementations for analysis and practical
implementation
Simulative verification In artificial scenarios and real-world scenario Adaptation of the network to inhomogeneous capacity demands shown
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32Philipp Hasselbach
Backup
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33Philipp Hasselbach
kk
k
RB
1log
~
2
bit,
Power-Bandwidth Characteristics
f
Itx~ ,,~
PPBf kBk
,, rfrUser distribution
PDF of the bandwidth
required by user k
Bandwidth required
by user k
,, rfr
K
kkBB
1cell
~~ Bandwidth required
by the whole cell
PDF of the bandwidth
required by the cell
),(~),,~
( 2cellcellItxcell~
cellΝPPBf
B
K independent users
Central Limit Theorem
),,( Itxcell PPBF
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34Philipp Hasselbach
Cell Outage Probability
CDF of the bandwidth required by the cell Probability that sufficient bandwidth is
allocated
Cell outage probability Probability that allocated bandwidth is
not sufficient
),,(1 Itxcellcell PPBFp
cell1 p
),,(~
Prob Itxcellcellcell PPBFBB
Bandwidth required by the cellcell
~B
cellB
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35Philipp Hasselbach
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36Philipp Hasselbach
Fluctuating capacity demand Rush hour traffic Concerts, sports tournaments Change in user behaviour Change in environment
Motivation
Capacity Optimization As much capacity as
required At all times and all places
1tt
2tt
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37Philipp Hasselbach
Automatic Capacity Optimization for SONs
Real-time capabilities Accurate results Reliable operation
Complex modeling Large number of users and BSs Effects of the user distribution Effects of the environment Interdependencies among cells and
users
Source:FP7 SOCRATES
Capacity optimizationSONs
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38Philipp Hasselbach
Automatic Capacity Optimization for SONs
Real-time capabilities Accurate results Reliable operation
Complex modeling Effects of the user distribution Effects of the environment Inter-cell interference (ICI) Interdependencies among cells and
users
Capacity optimizationSONs
Source:FP7 SOCRATES
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39Philipp Hasselbach
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40Philipp Hasselbach
Cell-centric Network Model
•User distribution, environment model
•SINR measurements
•Outage probability•Cell bandwidth•Transmit power
User QoS requirements
Ce
ll th
rou
gh
pu
t in
Mb
it/s
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41Philipp Hasselbach
Cell-centric Network Model
•Outage probability•Cell bandwidth B•Transmit power P
•User distribution, environment model
•SINR measurements
•User bit rate pdf•empiric• theoretic
•Number of users•User QoSrequirements
Cell Performance for (B,P)
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42Philipp Hasselbach
PBR-Characteristic
Reduced complexity due to focus on cells
User QoS requirements considered Relation between cell bandwidth,
transmit power and cell performance
Ce
ll th
rou
gh
pu
t in
Mb
it/s
Cell Performance for (B,P)
•For different•Cell bandwidth B•Transmit power P
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43Philipp Hasselbach
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44Philipp Hasselbach
Model the interdependence oftransmit power and cellbandwidth
Contain information on userdistribution, environment,inter-cell interference
Analytic derivation available Measurement based derivation
available, determined fromstandard system measurements(attenuation, SINR)
Cell-centric Network Model
Modeling equations
RandomVariable
transformation
Measurementdata
transformation
SIN
R m
easu
rem
entsU
ser distribution
Environm
ent model
Theoretic Approach Practical Approach
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45Philipp Hasselbach
Cell-centric Network Model
•User distribution, environment model
•SINR measurements
Number ofusers
•Outage definition•Cell bandwidth•Transmit power
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46Philipp Hasselbach
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47Philipp Hasselbach
Automatic Capacity Optimization Approaches
I take SC 1. OK, I
take SC 2
Can I take SC 1?
Uncoordinated/scheduling based (State of the art):
Coordinated (new):
+ : easy implementation- : Collisions, QoS?
+ : Collisions can be avoided QoS- : Complexity? Implementation?
I take SC 1.
LocalScheduling Local
Scheduling
Inter-BScommunication
SC1 SC1
SC1SC2
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48Philipp Hasselbach
Two Alternative SO Approaches
I take SC 1. OK, I
take SC 2
Can I take SC 1?
Uncoordinated: Coordinated:
I take SC 1.
LocalScheduling Local
Scheduling
Inter-BScommunication
SC1 SC1
SC1SC1
Power-Bandwidth Characteristicfor performance analysis
Power-Bandwidth Characteristicfor approach realization and per-formance analysis
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49Philipp Hasselbach
General System Concept
Hierarchical approach
Resource allocation to users,no inter-cell scheduling
Sched.cell 1
Sched.cell 2
Sched.cell N
Resource allocation to cells
Source: 3GPP
Networkstateevaluation
Networkparameteroptimisation
Networkparameteradjustment
Self-organising functionality/Self-organising control loop