phenotyping for nutritional and end-use quality in breeding programs
TRANSCRIPT
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Phenotyping for Nutritional and End-use Quality in Breeding Programs
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Outline
Introduction
Current status
What could/should be done
Opportunities/challenges
Resource requirements
Way forward
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Abebe MenkirPeter KulakowElizabeth ParkesOusmane BoukarAntonio Lopez-MontesRonny Swennen
Delphine AmahMichael AbbertonOladeji AlamuAdebayo AbassIsmail Rabbi
Team
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Enhancing crop quality improves processing efficiencies, makes more desirable and more diverse consumer products and ensures the competitiveness of farmers, traders, millers and end processors.
Crop quality criteria vary drastically depending on the end-use. Similarly, crop varieties may show large differences in their nutritional, processing and end-use quality attributes.
Therefore, while getting breeding priorities and strategies, one must consider: the variety’s intended end uses and/or the demands of the targeted market specific quality traits to breed for, and genotype × environment × management interactions that may influence the quality of the
resulting variety.
Introduction
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Nutritional Quality
o Starch o Total sugarso Total asho Moisture content o Protein/ Lysine and Tryptophano Fato Carotenoidso Minerals (iron, zinc, potassium and
calcium) o Dietary fiber/crude fibero Vitamin C
Current Status
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Anti-nutritional factors
o Phytate o Tannins o Trypsin inhibitorso Cynogenic potential
Current Status
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Functionalproperties
o Pasting propertieso Swelling powero Coloro 1000 kernel weighto Water absorption and
binding capacityo Particle size distribution
Current Status
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Lute
- 14
.363
Zea
- 16.
456
Apo
- 19
.446
B-c
riptp
- 25
.079
13-c
is -
31.1
29
B-c
aro
- 33.
211
9-C
is -
34.8
11
AU
-0.04
-0.02
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
Minutes0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.00 30.00 32.00 34.00 36.00 38.00 40.00
Deep orange kernel color does NOT implies high ProVA content
Current Status
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Spectrophtotometry
Current Status
Liquid chromatography
- HPLC- UPLC
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NIRS
Current Status
ICP-OES
Texture Analyser
XRF
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o Thiamineo Riboflavino Amino acid analysiso Carbohydrateo Bioavailability
o NIRSo XRF
What could/should be done
Method development/Equipment
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In-vitro caco 2 cell method for screening for bioavailability of iron
What could/should be done
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Challenges Recruitment of qualified personnel
Source of chemicals and cost of analyses
Equipment maintenance and repair
Lack of personnel and facilities in national programs
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Opportunities o Collaboration with other Centers (ILRI)
o Integrating end user quality traits in breeding programs
o Metabolomics
o AgriFood Systems CRPs
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Resource Requirements
Human resource (IRS and NRS)
Laboratory equipments
Food Scientist/Technologist for each crop, especially the crops where we have a world mandate (yams and cowpea) and we are the only center conducting research (soybean)
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Way forward • Establishment of a food and nutrition quality laboratory in each Hub
• High-throughput portable equipments
• Identification of laboratories for outsourcing
• Underutilized crops
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Acknowledgement
o Maize Team through HPlus and SARD-SC projects
o ILRI through the DDG-R
o Monsanto
o USDA
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THANK YOU