phenomenological aspects of kaon photoproduction on the nucleon

6
7/28/2019 Phenomenological Aspects of Kaon Photoproduction on the Nucleon http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phenomenological-aspects-of-kaon-photoproduction-on-the-nucleon 1/6 Hadron and Nuclear Physics with Electromagnetic Probes K. Maruyama and H. Okuno (Editors) e 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. 113 Phenomenological aspects of kaon photoproduction on the nucleon T. Mart a* , S. Sumowidagdo a*, C. Bennhold bt and H. Haberzettl bt ~Jurusan Fisika, FMIPA, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia bCenter for Nuclear Studies, Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA Using an isobar model which can reproduce the existing experimental data of kaon photoproduction on the nucleon we investigate some related phenomenological aspects, i.e. the hadronic form factors, contributions of kaon-hyperon final states to the anomalous magnetic moment of the nucleon, and missing nucleon resonances. By reggeizing the appropriate propagators we extend the model to the higher photon energy regime. 1. INTRODUCTION A wealth of new high-statistics data on elementary kaon photo- and electroproduction has recently become available in three isospin channels. Along with some new progress in the theoretical side this has made the field of kaon electromagnetic production to be of considerable interest. New models, span from chiral perturbation theory to the relatively simple isobar approach, have been proposed in the recent years as the SAPHIR collabo- ration made their precise data publicly available. Because the error-bars are sufficiently small, an interesting structure can be resolved in K+A total cross section. This leads to a critical question, as to whether the structure comes from less known resonances or other reaction channels start to open at the corresponding energy. In this paper we discuss some phenomenological aspects, which can be investigated by means of the isobar model. The model has been constructed by including three states that have been found to have significant decay widths into KA and KE channels, the S11(1650), Pl1(1710), and Pla(1720) resonances, to fit all elementary data by adjusting some free parameters, which are known as coupling constants. 2. THE MODEL AND SOME PHENOMENOLOGICAL ASPECTS 2.1. Hadronic form factors Previous analyses of kaon photoproduction have never included a form factor at the hadronic vertex. However, since most of the present isobaric models diverge at higher energies, the need for such hadronic form factors has been known for a long time. Fur- thermore, it has been demonstrated that models which give a good description of the (7, K +) data can give unrealistically large predictions for the (7, K ~ channels [1]. It *Supported in part by the University Research for Graduate Education (URGE) grant. t Supported in part by US DOE with grant no. DE-FG02-95ER-40907

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Page 1: Phenomenological Aspects of Kaon Photoproduction on the Nucleon

7/28/2019 Phenomenological Aspects of Kaon Photoproduction on the Nucleon

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/phenomenological-aspects-of-kaon-photoproduction-on-the-nucleon 1/6

Hadron and Nuclear Physics w ith Electromagnetic ProbesK. Maruyamaand H. Okuno (Editors)e 2000 E lsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. 113

Phenomenological aspects of kaon photoproduction on the nucleon

T . M a r t a* , S. S u m o w i d a g d o a*, C . B e n n h o l d b t a n d H . H a b e r z e t t l b t

~ J u r u s a n F i s i k a , F M I P A , U n i v e r s i t a s I n d o n e s i a , D e p o k 1 6 4 2 4 , I n d o n e s i a

b C e n t e r f o r N u c l e a r S t u d i e s , D e p a r t m e n t o f P h y s ic s , T h e G e o r g e W a s h i n g t o n U n i v e r si ty ,

W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . 2 0 0 5 2 , U S A

U s i n g a n i s o b a r m o d e l w h i c h c a n r e p r o d u c e t h e e x i s t in g e x p e r i m e n t a l d a t a o f k a o n

p h o t o p r o d u c t i o n o n t h e n u c l e o n w e i n v e s t i g a t e s o m e r e l a t e d p h e n o m e n o l o g i c a l a s p e c t s ,

i.e . t h e h a d r o n i c f o r m f a c t o rs , c o n t r i b u t i o n s o f k a o n - h y p e r o n f in a l s t a t e s t o t h e a n o m a l o u s

m a g n e t i c m o m e n t o f t h e n u c l e o n , a n d m i s s in g n u c l e o n r e s o n a n c e s . B y r e g g e i z in g t h e

a p p r o p r i a t e p r o p a g a t o r s w e e x t e n d t h e m o d e l t o t h e h i g h e r p h o t o n e n e r g y r e g i m e .

1 . I N T R O D U C T I O N

A w e a l t h o f n e w h i g h - s t a t is t i c s d a t a o n e l e m e n t a r y k a o n p h o t o - a n d e l e c t r o p r o d u c t i o n

h a s r e c e n t l y b e c o m e a v a i l a b le i n t h r e e i s o s p i n c h a n n e ls . A l o n g w i t h s o m e n e w p r o g r e s s i n

t h e t h e o r e t i c a l s i d e t h i s h a s m a d e t h e f i e ld of k a o n e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c p r o d u c t i o n t o b e o f

c o n s i d e r a b l e i n t e r e s t . N e w m o d e l s , s p a n fr o m c hi r a l p e r t u r b a t i o n t h e o r y t o th e r e l a t i v e l y

s i m p l e i s o b a r a p p r o a c h , h a v e b e e n p r o p o s e d i n t h e r e c e n t y e a r s a s t h e S A P H I R c o l l a b o -

r a t i o n m a d e t h e i r p r e c is e d a t a p u b l i c l y a v a il a b le . B e c a u s e t h e e r r o r - b a r s a r e s uf f ic i e n tl y

s m a l l , a n i n t e r e s t i n g s t r u c t u r e c a n b e r e s o l v e d i n K + A t o t a l c r o s s s e c t i o n . T h i s l e a d s t o a

c r i t i c a l q u e s t i o n , a s t o w h e t h e r t h e s t r u c t u r e c o m e s f r o m l e s s k n o w n r e s o n a n c e s o r o t h e r

r e a c t i o n c h a n n e l s s t a r t t o o p e n a t t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g e n e r g y .

I n t h i s p a p e r w e d i s c u s s s o m e p h e n o m e n o l o g i c a l a s p e c t s , w h i c h c a n b e i n v e s t i g a t e d b y

m e a n s o f t h e i s o b a r m o d e l. T h e m o d e l h a s b e e n c o n s t r u c t e d b y in c l u d in g t h r e e s t a t e s

t h a t h a v e b e e n f o u n d t o h a ve s ig n if ic a n t d ec a y w i d t h s in t o K A a n d K E c h a n n e ls , t h eS 1 1 ( 1 6 5 0 ) , P l 1 ( 1 7 1 0 ) , a n d P l a ( 1 7 2 0 ) r e s o n a n c e s , t o f i t a l l e l e m e n t a r y d a t a b y a d j u s t i n g

s o m e f r e e p a r a m e t e r s , w h i c h a r e k n o w n a s c o u p l i n g c o n s t a n t s .

2 . T H E M O D E L A N D S O M E P H E N O M E N O L O G I C A L A S P E C T S

2 .1 . H a d r o n i c f o r m f a c t o r s

P r e v i o u s a n a l y s e s o f k a o n p h o t o p r o d u c t i o n h a v e n e v e r i n c lu d e d a f o r m f a c t o r a t t h e

h a d r o n i c v e r t e x . H o w e v e r , s in c e m o s t o f t h e p r e s e n t i s o b a r ic m o d e l s d i v e r g e a t h i g h e r

e n e r g ie s , t h e n e e d f o r su c h h a d r o n i c f o r m f a c t o r s h a s b e e n k n o w n f o r a l o n g t i m e . F u r -

t h e r m o r e , i t h a s b e e n d e m o n s t r a t e d t h a t m o d e l s w h ic h g iv e a g o o d d e s c r ip t i o n o f t h e(7 , K + ) d a t a can g ive un re a l i s t i ca l ly l a rge p red ic t ions fo r t he (7 , K ~ chan ne l s [1] . I t

*Supported in part by the U niversity Research for Graduate Education (UR GE ) grant.t Supported in part by US DOE with grant no. DE-FG02-95ER-40907

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114

i s w e l l k n o w n t h a t i n c o r p o r a t i n g a h a d r o n i c f o r m f a c t o r h e l p s a l le v i a t e t h i s d i v e r g e n c e

a n d , s i m u l t a n e o u s l y , l e a d s to a p r o b l e m w i t h g a u g e i n v a ri a n c e , s i nc e n o t e v e r y d i a g r a m

i n t h e B o r n t e r m s r e t a i n s g a u g e i n v a r i a n c e b y i ts e lf . 3 T h e q u e s t i o n o f g a u g e i n v a r i a n c e is

a c t u a l l y o n e o f t h e c e n t r a l i s s ue s in d y n a m i c a l d e s c r i p t i o n s o f h o w p h o t o n s i n t e r a c t w i t h

h a d r o n i c s y s t e m s . W h i l e t h e r e is u s u a l l y no p r o b l e m a t t h e tr e e - le v e l w i t h b a r e , p o i n t -

l ik e p a r t i c l e s , t h e p r o b l e m b e c o m e s v e r y c o m p l i c a t e d o n c e t h e e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c i n t e r a c t i o n

i s c o n s i s t e n t l y i n c o r p o r a t e d w i t h i n t h e f ul l c o m p l e x i t y o f a s t r o n g l y - i n t e r a c t i n g h a d r o n i c

s y s t e m .

I n t h e p r e v i o u s w o r k [2] w e h a v e s t u d i e d t h e i n f l u e n c e o f h a d r o n i c f o r m f a c t o r s o n k a o n

p r o d u c t i o n , b y m u l t i p l y i n g t h e w h o l e a m p l i t u d e w i t h a n ov e r al l, m o n o p o l e , f o r m f a c t o r

F ( t ) , i.e.

M n = [ M B ( s , t , u ) + M a ( s , t , u ) ] . F ( t ) , (1 )

w h e r e t h e s u b s c r i p t s B a n d R r e f e r t o t h e B o r n a n d r e s o n a n c e t e r m s , t o s i m u l a t e t h e

a v e r a g e e f f e ct o f t h e f a c t t h a t n u c l e o n s a r e n o t p o i n t - li k e . I n s p i te o f t h e s u c c e s s t o

s u p p r e s s t h e d i v e r g e n c e a n d t o a v o id t h e p r o b l e m o f g a u g e i n v a r ia n c e , t h i s a d h o c f a s h i o n

d o e s n o t h a v e a n y m i c r o s c o p i c f o u n d a t i o n .

I n o r d e r t o r e s t o r e g a u g e i n v a r i a n c e p r o p e r l y , o n e n e e d s t o c o n s t r u c t a d d i t i o n a l c u r r e n t

c o n t r i b u t i o n s b e y o n d t h e u s u a l F e y n m a n d i a g r a m s t o ca n c e l t h e g a u g e - v i o la t i n g t e rm s .

O n e o f t h e m o s t w i d e l y u s e d m e t h o d s is d u e t o O h t a [ 3] . F o r k a o n p h o t o p r o d u c t i o n o ff

t h e n u c l e o n, O h t a ' s p r e s c r i p t i o n a m o u n t s t o d r o p p i n g a l l s t r o n g - i n t e r a c t i o n f o r m fa c t o r s

f or a ll g a u g e - v i o l a t i n g e l e c t ri c c u r r e n t c o n t r i b u t i o n s i n B o r n t e r m s . S y m b o l i c a l ly , t h i s

m a y b e w r i t t e n a s

M B ( S , t , u ) = M ~ a g [ s , t , u , F ( s ) , F ( t ) , F ( u ) ] + M~leC(s , t , u ) . ( 2 )

T h e r e c i p e , h o w e v e r , d o e s n o t c o m p l e t e l y s o l v e t h e p r o b l e m o f d i v e r g e n c e , s i n c e t h e e l e c t r i c

t e r m s d o n o t h a v e s u p p r e s s i o n a n d , t h e r e f o r e , c o u l d v i o l e n tl y i n c r e a se a s a f u n c t i o n o f t h e

c o u p l i n g c o n s t a n t s . A s s h o w n i n R e f. [ 4] , e v e n a t t h e c o u p l i n g c o n s t a n t s v a l u e s a c c e p t e d

b y t h e S U ( 3 ) s y m m e t r y , O h t a ' s r e c i p e a l r e a d y y i e l ds v e r y l a r g e X2.

O n t h e o t h e r h a n d , H a b e r z e t t l [5] h a s p u t f o r w a r d a c o m p r e h e n s i v e t r e a t m e n t o f g a u g e

i n v a r i a n c e i n m e s o n p h o t o p r o d u c t i o n . T h i s i nc l u d e s a p r e s c r i p t i o n f or r e s t o r i n g g a u g e

i n v a r i a n c e i n s i tu a t i o n s w h e n o n e c a n n o t h a n d l e t h e f u ll c o m p l e x i t y o f t h e p r o b l e m a n dt h e r e f o r e m u s t r e s o r t to s o m e a p p r o x i m a t i o n s . I n o u r l a n g u a g e , t h i s m e t h o d c a n b e

t r a n s l a t e d a s

M B (S t , U) - - AA~mag"" " B [ S , t , U , F ( s ) , F ( t ) , F ( u ) ] + M l ~ le c ' ( 8 , t , u ) F ( 8 , t , u ) , ( 3 )

w i t h F ( s , t , u ) - a l F ( S ) + a 2 F ( t ) + a a F ( u ) a n d a l + a 2 + a3 = 1 . C l e a r ly , H a b e r z e t t l ' s

m e t h o d r e m o v e s t h e O h t a ' s p r o b l e m b y a n a d d i t i o n a l f o r m fa c t o r in t h e e l e c tr i c t e r m s .

B y f it t in g t o t he k a o n p h o t o p r o d u c t i o n d a t a w e f o u nd t h a t t h e m e t h o d p r o p o s e d b y

H a b e r z e t t l t o b e s u p e r i o r r a t h e r t h a n t h e O h t a ' s , s i n c e t h e f o r m e r c a n p r o v i d e a r e a s o n a b l e

d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e d a t a u s i n g v a lu e s f or th e l e a d i n g c o u p l i n g s c o n s t a n t s c lo s e t o t h e S U ( 3 )p r e d ic t io n . S u c h c o u p li n g s c a n n o t b e a c c o m m o d a t e d i n O h t a ' s m e t h o d d u e to th e a b s e n c e

o f a h a d r o n i c f o r m f a c t o r i n t h e e l e c t ri c c u r r e n t c o n t r i b u t i o n .

3Since the resonance term s are individually gauge invariant, th e discussion will be limited to the Bornterms.

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T a b l e 1

N u m e r i c a l v a l u e s f or t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n o f k a o n - h y p e r o n f in a l s t a t e s t o t h e s q u a r e o f a n o m a -

l o us m a g n e t i c m o m e n t s o f p r o t o n a n d n e u t r o n . C o l u m n ( 1) i s o b t a i n e d f r o m E q . ( 5) , w h i l e

2 = 3 .2 1 4 an d 2 3 .6 6 0.o l u m n ( 2 ) i s e v a l u a t e d b y u s in g E q . ( 6) . E x p e r i m e n t a l l y , t ~ p N n - '=

22 ( K ) t ~ n ( K )p

C h a n n e l ( 1 ) ( 2) C h a n n e l ( 1) ( 2)

7 P - - + K + A - 0 . 0 2 6 0 . 04 4 3' n ~ K ~ 0 .0 7 5 0 . 11 0

7 P - - * K + E ~ - 0 . 0 2 4 0 .0 30 7 n ~ K + E - - 0 . 0 2 5 0 .0 50

7 P ~ K ~ - 0 . 0 1 3 0 .0 3 1 7 n --+ K ~ ~ - 0 . 0 1 9 0 .0 3 1

T o t a l - 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 10 5 T o t a l 0 .0 3 1 0 .1 9 1

2 .2 . T h e a n o m a l o u s m a g n e t i c m o m e n t o f t h e n u c l e o n

O n e o f t h e i m p o r t a n t g r o u n d s t a t e p r o p e r t i e s o f t h e n u c l eo n is t h e a n o m a l o u s m a g n e t i c

m o m e n t , w h i c h e x i s ts a s a d i r e c t c o n s e q u e n c e of i ts i n t e r n a l s t r u c t u r e . M o r e t h a n 3 0

y e a r s a g o G e r a s im o v , a n d i n d e p e n d e n t l y D r e ll a n d H e a r n , p r o p o s e d t h a t t h is g r o u n d

s t a t e p r o p e r t y i s r e l a t e d t o t h e n u c l e o n ' s r e s o n a n c e s p e c t r a b y a s u m r u l e w h i c h w a s t h e n

c a l l e d t h e G e r a s i m o v - D r e l l - H e a r n (G D H ) s u m r u l e [ 6 ] . I n t h e l i m i t o f p h o t o n p o i n t , t h e

s u m r u l e m a y b e w r i t t e n a s

? n 2

L=~ 2 o~ Jo u o3/2 (u)] , (4)

w h e r e o312 a n d (7112 d e n o t e t h e c r os s s e c ti o n s f o r p o s s ib l e c o m b i n a t i o n s o f t h e n u c l e o n a n d

p h o t o n s p in s . E x p e r i m e n t w i t h po l a r iz e d b e a m a n d t a r g e t h a s b e e n p e r f o rm e d a t M A M I

w i t h p h o t o n e n e r g y u p t o 8 5 0 M e V a n d d a t a a r e b e i n g a n a l y z e d [ 7 ] . U s i n g h i g h e r p h o t o n

e n e r g ie s , e x p e r i m e n t s h a v e b e e n p l a n n e d a t E L S A a n d J La b.

F o r p r a c t i c a l p u r p o s e , i n s t e a d o f E q . ( 4) w e u se

/ ' ~ V - - ~ 7 ~ q i ' / V m a x d u- - - T T ' , ( 5 )

71"20L a/ ]t hr L]

w h e r e O'TT, d e n o t e s t h e c r o ss s e c ti o n w i t h p o l a r i z e d r e a l p h o t o n a n d t a r g e t . I n t e r m s o f

p o l a r i z a t i o n o b s e r v a b l e s t h i s c ro s s s e c t i o n c o r r e s p o n d s t o t h e d o u b l e p o l a r i z a t i o n E [8 ].

S i n c e t h e r e a r e n o d a t a a v a i l a b l e f o r a TT , , p r e v i o u s w o r k [9] a p p r o x i m a t e d E q . ( 5) w i t h

~2 < m~v f~m ,x d u. . . . ( 6 )7 I '2 O L d / Z t h r / /

t o e s t i m a t e t h e u p p e r b o u n d o f c o n t r i b u t i o n s , w h e r e a T r e p r e s e n t s t h e t o t a l c r o s s s e c ti o n .

T o c a l c u l a t e E q s . ( 5 ) a n d ( 6) w e u s e o u r e l e m e n t a r y o p e r a t o r w i t h Y m ax = 2 .2 G e V .

T h e r e s u l t i s s h o w n in T a b l e 1 . O u r c a l c u l a t i o n yi e ld s v a l u es o f ~ ( K ) = - 0 . 0 6 3 a n d

~2n(K ) = 0 .031 , or I ~ ; ( K ) [ / t % < 0 . 1 4 a n d ~ n ( K ) / ~ n < _ 0 . 0 9 4 . T h i s s h o w s t h a t t h e k a o n -h y p e r o n f i n a l s t a t e s c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o t h e p r o t o n ' s a n d n e u t r o n ' s m a g n e t i c m o m e n t a r e

v e r y sm a l l . A n i n t e r e s t i n g f e a t u r e i s t h a t o u r c a l c u l a t i o n y i e ld s a n e g a t i v e c o n t r i b u t i o n

f or t h e ~ ( K ) a n d a p o s i t iv e c o n t r i b u t i o n f o r t h e ~ ( K ) , w h i c h is o b v i o u s ly c o n s i s t e n t

w i t h t h e r e s u l t o f K a r l i n e r ' s w o r k [ 10 ].

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4.0

3.0

=t.

0.0

"~ 2.0

1.0

I , I , I , I , i , I , _

p ( T , K + ) A

11 6

1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2

W (GeV)

F ig u re 1. To ta l c ro ss sec-

t i o n f o r K + A p h o t o p r o d u c -

t i o n o n t h e p r o t o n . T h e

d a s h e d l in e s h o w s th e m o d e l

w i t h o u t t h e D 1 3 ( 1 9 6 0 ) r e s -

onance , wh i l e t he so l id l i ne

i s o b t a i n e d b y i n c l u d i n g t h e

D l a ( 1 9 6 0) s t a t e . T h e n e w

SAPHIR da ta [12 ] a re de-

n o t e d b y t h e s o l i d s q u a r e s ,

o l d d a t a a r e s h o w n b y t h e

open c i r c l es .

2 .3 . I n v e s t i g a t i o n o f m i s s i n g r e s o n a n c e s

A b r i e f i n s p e c t i o n t o t h e p a r t i c l e d a t a b o o k r e v e a ls t h a t l es s t h a n 4 0 % o f t h e p r e d i c t e d

n u c l e o n r e s o n a n c e s a r e o b s e r v e d in 7 rN -- , 7 rN s c a t t e r i n g e x p e r i m e n t s . Q u a r k m o d e l

s t u d i e s h a v e s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h o s e " m i s s i n g " r e s o n a n c e s m a y c o u p l e s t r o n g l y t o o t h e r

c h a n n e l s , s u c h a s t h e K A a n d K E c h a n n e l s [ 1 1 ] . I n te r e s t i n g ly , t h e n e w S A PH IR t o t a l

c ro ss sec t ion d a t a [12] fo r the p (~ / , K + ) A channe l , show n in F ig . 1 , i nd ica t e fo r t he f i r s t

t i m e a s t r u c t u r e a r o u n d W = 1 90 0 M e V . U s i n g t h e c u r r e n t i s o b a r m o d e l w e i n v e s t i g a t e

t h i s s t r u c t u r e . A s s h o w n in F ig . 1, o u r p r e v i o u s m o d e l c a n n o t r e p r o d u c e t h e t o t a l c r o s s

s e c ti o n. A l t h o u g h a s t ru c t u r e i n t o t a l c ro s s s e c ti o n d a t a d o e s n o t i m m e d i a t e l y i m p l y

a n e w r e s o n a n c e , t h e e n e r g y r e g i o n a r o u n d 1 9 0 0 M e V r e p r e s e n t s a c h a l l e n g e n o t o n l y

b e c a u s e o f p o s s i b l e b r o a d , o v e r l a p p i n g r e s o n a n c e s , b u t a l so b e c a u s e t h e r e a r e a d d i t i o n a l

p r o d u c t i o n t h r e s h o l d s n e a r b y, s u c h as p h o t o p r o d u c t i o n o f r /, K ' A , a n d K A * f i na l s t a t e s,

w h i c h c a n a l l l e a d t o s t r u c t u r e i n t h e K + A c r o s s s e c t i o n t h r o u g h f i n a l - s t a t e i n t e r a c t i o n .

H e r e , w e l i m i t o u r s e l v e s o n l y t o t h e p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t t h i s s t r u c t u r e i s i n f a c t d u e t o o n e o f

t h e m i s s i n g o r p o o r l y k n o w n r e s o n a n c e s .

T h e c o n s t i t u e n t q u a r k m o d e l o f C a p s t i c k a n d R o b e r t s [ 11 ] p r e d i c ts m a n y n e w s t a t e s

a r o u n d 1 9 00 M e V . H o w e v e r , o n l y a f ew o f t h e m h a v e b e e n c a l c u l a t e d t o h a v e a s ig n i f ic a n tK A d e c a y w i d t h [ 11 ]. T h e s e a r e t h e $ 1 1 (1 9 4 5) , P l1 ( 1 9 7 5 ), P 1 3 ( 19 5 0) , a n d D 1 3 ( 1 9 6 0 ) s t a t e s .

W e h a v e p e r f o r m e d f it s fo r e a c h o f t h e s e p o s s i b l e s t a t e s , a l l o w i n g t h e f i t t o d e t e r m i n e t h e

m a s s , w i d t h a n d c o u p l i n g c o n s t a n t s o f t h e r e s o n a n c e . W e f o u n d t h a t a l l f o u r s t a t e s c a n

r e p r o d u c e t h e s t r u c t u r e a t W a r o u n d 1 90 0 M e V , w h i le r e d u c i n g t h e ) /2 , b u t o n l y fo r t h e

D 1 3 ( 1 9 6 0 ) s t a t e w e f o u n d a r e m a r k a b l e a g r e e m e n t , u p t o t h e s i g n , b e t w e e n t h e q u a r k

m o d e l p r e d i c t i o n a n d o u r e x t r a c t e d r e s u l t [ 1 3 ] . T h e r e s u l t i s s h o w n in F i g . 1 , w h e r e

w i t h o u t t h i s r e s o n a n c e t h e m o d e l s h o w s o n l y o n e p e a k n e a r t h r e s h o l d , w h i l e i n c l u s i o n o f

t h e n e w r e s o n a n c e l e a d s t o a s e c o n d p e a k a t W s l i g h tl y b e l o w 1 9 00 M e V , i n a c c o r d a n c e

w i t h t h e n e w S A P H IR d a t a . T h e d i ff e re n c e b e t w e e n t h e t w o c a l c u l a t i o n s i s m u c h s m a l l e r

f o r t h e d i f f e r e n t i a l c r o s s s e c t i o n s . T h e l a r g e s t e f f e c t s a r e f o u n d i n t h e p h o t o n a s y m m e t r y .

T h e r e f o r e , w e w o u l d s u g g e s t t h a t m e a s u r i n g t h i s o b s e r v a b l e i s w e l l s u i t e d t o s h e d m o r e

l ig h t o n t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n o f t h i s s t a t e i n k a o n p h o t o p r o d u c t i o n .

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3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

2.5

2.0:zk

1.5.a

1.0

0.5

0.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

p(7 ,K+)Z~

1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2

W (GeV)

Figure 2. To ta l c ross sec t ion fo rk a o n p h o t o p r o d u c t i o n o n t h e p r o -

ton . Th e dashe d l ine shows the i so -

b a r m o d e l w i th h a d r o n i c f o r m f a c -

to r s , b u t w i th o u t r e g g e i z a ti o n . T h e

so l id l ine i s ob ta ined by r egge iz ing

t h e K a n d K * p r o p a g a t o r s in t h e

m o d e l . F o r K + p h o t o p r o d u c t i o n ,

no ta t i on fo r the da ta i s as in F ig . 1 ,

fo r K ~ p ro du c t io n o ld (open c i rc les)

and p re l iminary da ta ( so l id c i r c les )

are shown [14] .

3 . E X T E N S I O N T O H I G H E R E N E R G I E S

E x te n d in g t h e m o d e l t o t h e h ig h e r e n e r g y r e g im e r e q u i r e s a n o n - t r i v i a l t a s k , s i n c e t h e

Bo rn te rm s increase r a p id ly as a func t ion o f energy . As shown in F ig . 2 , even the ha d ron icfo rm fac to r s a r e unab le to suppress the c ross sec t ions fo r the energy r eg ion above 2 GeV

a s d e m a n d e d b y t h e d a t a . E s p e c i a l l y i n t h e c a se o f K ~ + p r o d u c t io n , w h e r e t h e p r e d i c t e d

cross sec t ion s ta r t s to mono ton ica l ly increase a t th i s po in t . However , in o rder to exp lo re

th e h ig h e r - l y in g n u c l e o n r e s o n a n c e s o r t o a c c o u n t f o r h ig h e r e n e r g i e s c o n t r i b u t io n s t o t h e

G DH in t e g ra l , a n i s o b a r m o d e l w h ic h a l so p r o p e r ly w o r k a t h ig h e r p h o to n e n e rg i e s w o u ld

b e d e m a n d e d .

I n R e f . [14] i t h a s b e e n s h o w n th a t t h e c o n t r i b u t io n s f r o m th e t - c h a n n e l r e s o n a n c e s

are r espons ib le fo r the d ivergence o f the c ross sec t ion , thus ind ic a t ing th a t the Regge

p r o p a g a t o r s h o u l d b e u se d i n s te a d o f t h e u s u a l F e y n m a n p r o p a g a t o r . W h i l e a p r o p e r

r e g g e i z a t i o n o f t h e m o d e l i s c o n s id e r a b ly c o m p l i c a t e d a n d t h e s t u d y i s s t il l un d e r w a y , w e

in v e s t i g a t e h e r e o n ly t h e q u a l i t a t i v e e ff ec ts o f u s in g R e g g e p r o p a g a to r s i n t h e m o d e l .

F o l lo w in g R e f. [1 5 ], w e m u l t i p ly t h e F e y n m a n p r o p a g a to r s 1/(t- m ~ , ) o f t h e K * ( 8 9 2 )

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1 1 8

a n d K 1 ( 1 2 7 0 ) r e s o n a n c e s i n t h e o p e r a t o r w i t h a f a c to r o f P Reg ge" ( t - m 2 . ) , w h e r e PR egge

i n d i c a t e s t h e R e g g e p r o p a g a t o r g i v e n i n R ef . [ 1 5 ]. F o r t h e K * i n t e r m e d i a t e s t a t e i t h a s

t h e f o r m

_ _ 8 a K * ( t ) - I 7 1 " 0 / ~ (.

PRegge - - sin[TrC~K*(t)] e - - i T r a K * ( t ) F[T rag. ( t ) ] ' (7)

wh e re c~( t) = c~0 + c~' t deno te s th e c o r re s pon d ing t r a j ec to ry . E qu a t io n (7 ) c l ea r ly reduces

t o th e F e y n m a n p r o p a g a t o r i n t h e l im i t of t ~ m ~ . , t h u s a p p r o x i m a t i n g t h e lo w e n e r g y

b e h a v i o r o f t h e a m p l i t u d e .

T h e m o d e l i s t h e n r e f i t t e d t o k a o n p h o t o p r o d u c t i o n d a t a a n d t h e r e s u l t i s s h o w n i n

F i g . 2 , w h e r e w e c o m p a r e t h e i s o b a r m o d e l w i t h a n d w i t h o u t r e g g e i z a ti o n . O b v i o u s ly ,

R e g g e p r o p a g a t o r s s t r o n g l y s u p p r e s s t h e c r o s s s e c t i o n a t h i g h e n e r g i e s a n d , t h e r e f o r e ,

y i e ld a b e t t e r e x p l a n a t i o n o f d a t a a t t h i s e n e r g y r e g im e . F o r t h e K ~ + p r o c e s s , t h e u s eo f R e g g e p r o p a g a t o r s s e e m s t o g i v e m o r e f l e x i b i l i t y i n r e p r o d u c i n g t h e c r o s s s e c t i o n d a t a .

T h i s c a n n o t b e a c h i e v e d w i t h o u t r e g g e i z a t i o n , s in c e t h e h i g h e n e r g y b e h a v i o r o f b o t h

t - c h a n n e l r e s o n a n c e s i s le ss c o n t ro l l a b l e b y t h e h a d r o n i c f o r m f a c t o r s . H o w e v e r , s in c e th e

d a t a f o r t h e K ~ + c h a n n e l s h o w n i n F i g. 2 a r e s ti ll p r e l i m i n a r y [ 16 ], w e h a v e t o w a i t b e f o r e

a n y f u r t h e r c o n c l u s i o n c a n b e d r a w n . I n f u t u r e w e w i ll i n c lu d e t h e h i g h e n e r g y d a t a i n t h e

f i t a n d i n v e s t i g a t e t h e m o d e l i n t h e t r a n s i t i o n b e t w e e n m e d i u m a n d h i g h e n e r g y r e g i o n s .

R E F E R E N C E S

.

2.

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4.

5.

6.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.16.

T . M a r t , C . B e n n h o l d , a n d C . E . H y d e - W r i g h t , P h y s . R e v . C 5 1 ( 1 9 9 5 ) R 1 0 7 4 .C . B e n n h o l d , T . M a r t , a n d D . K u s n o i n P r o c e ed i n gs o f t h e C E B A F / I N T W o r k s h o p o n

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a n d r e f e r e n c e s t h e r e i n .

M . G u i d a l , J . M . L a g e t , a n d M . V a n d e r h a e g h e n , N u c l . P h y s . A 6 2 7 ( 1 9 9 7 ) 6 4 5 .B y t h e t i m e o f f i n is h i n g t h i s p a p e r w e r e al i z e d t h a t t h e f i n a l v er s i o n o f S A P H I R d a t a

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