phd thesis program of serena novero
DESCRIPTION
ECONOMIC-TERRITORIAL FIRMS AGGLOMERATIONS: ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC POLICIES ADDRESSED TO SUSTAIN THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN THE COUNTRIES. PhD Thesis Program of Serena Novero. Doctorate in Economy and Management of Technology - University of Bergamo - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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ECONOMIC-TERRITORIAL FIRMS
AGGLOMERATIONS: ANALYSIS OF THE
IMPACT OF PUBLIC POLICIES ADDRESSED TO
SUSTAIN THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN THE
COUNTRIES
PhD Thesis Program of Serena Novero
Doctorate in Economy and Management of Technology - University of Bergamo
Ceris - Cnr, Torino – www.ceris.cnr.it
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RPreliminary remarks:
New increasing attention to agglomeration phenomenos due to the competitiveness in national and international markets need of “make a system” to contrast itAttention to networks in their different types, characteristics, way of development, points of strenght and weakness, role in innovation production:
• In Italy: Industrial and Technological Districts (Marshall, 1890; Antonelli, 1986)
•In the world: Perroux Poles (1955-’71); Clusters (Porter, 1990); Milieu Innovateur (Camagni, Cappellin,Brenner, 2000); Networks; Poles de Compétitivité (2005)
•SMEs, Big firms, Centre of research, Public Bodies, spread know-how, skilled workers
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RElement of success: ability of cohesion and collaboration among
them
• Paper 1:
“Economic-territorial agglomerations of enterprises: typologies, definitions, characteristics, comparison”
Important rule in territorial performances: rise of territorial specificities and innovations in products and processes
• Research Question 1: Differences among economic agglomerations, in particulary between districts and clusters: the role and the relationship with the areas of location the topic has been only partially treated
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R Paper 1:
Storical excursus of the teories of economic agglomerations: birth of the different agglomeration typologies, their evolutions and their diversification
Importance of technological innovation in TD, poles and clusters and their role in it
•Huggins R., 2001;
•Krugman P., 1991
•M.Lazzeroni, 2001-2004
•Lorenzen E., Maskell P.,2004
•Lorenzoni G., 1990
•Markusen, A., 1996,
•Marshall A., 1890-1920
•Maskell P., 2001
•Mills E.S., 1992
•Ozcan S., 2004
•Patrono A.,2002
•Piccaluga A., 2002-2003
•Porter, M.E., 1990-2000
•Rullani E.,1997
•Sforzi, F., 1990-2002
•Storper M.,, 1992
•P.Aydalot,1986;
•C.Antonelli, 1986-2003;
•G.Becattini, 1991-2000;
•F.Belussi, 2002;
•H.Bennett, 1992;
•Bergman E., Feser E., 1999;
•Bottazzi G., Dosi G., Fagiolo G., 2002;
•Brenner T., 2000-2001;
•Callegati E., Grandi S., 2005
•Cavallo C., 2002;
•Cesaroni, 2003;
•Cooke P.,1998-2006;
•Dümmler Patrick, 2003;
•Guerrieri P., Pietrobelli C., 2001
•Harrison B.
Serena Novero – Maastricht, October 2007
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R Territorial transitions and life cycles of districts phenomenons
have been recognized
Necessity of a public intervention
• Research Question 2:
Which is the innovation policies impact on
economic/territorial agglomerations? And which are
the most important points of these collaborations?
How public policies have to work to gain positive
results?
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Paper 2: “Technological districts and innovation: TT policies
and processes, methods and measures of valuation of public
actions, analysis of the impact of public policies made to their
support – The case of Canavese”
Centrality of knowledges and innovations (territorially localized)
Innovation and Technological Transfer policies = the solution for innovation problems of firms?
•Strategic variable for SMEs•First responsable of success or failure of the policy actions made•Foundamental for innovative knowledges diffusion•Different in dissimilar ambits•Transfer the knowledges in the space new variable: a field of stregths•Characteristics, subjects and channels envolved
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•Channels of communication:- a network among the econimic actors- public bodies and structures
Technological intermediary
TT could be:- formal: patents, licences, spinn-off, R&D collaborations, join ventures, mergers, consortia- informal: direct contacts
•Different methods of transmission:
-Tacit knowledges undirect way (services) firms
-Esplicit knowledges direct way (texts, workshops,patents) institute of research
•Subjects: sources, interfaces, users importance of relationship among them
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Methods and measures of impact of innovation policies?
Analysis of a tangible case: how the development of technological district of Canavese has been
supported - The story of the area
•Address of TT: - Market oriented: active TT because it creates financial fees in
the Centre of research involved: measured in units of money
- Education oriented: it produces benefits in the long time for the receiving social system, it increas the level of knowledges:measured with the n° of courses, students, doctorate, etc..
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RTHE CANAVESE AREA
In the north-west of Italy, in Piedmont, at north of Turin
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RThe snapshot of Canavese in the nineties:
The firms 1 Big Firm : Olivetti, 1908 - Ivrea
290 High-Tech SMEs of informatic, elettronic semimanufactured and ICT products or
services
December 1993 – Province of Turin– Commune of Ivrea– Association of Industrial Managers of Canavese
Founded: Consortium for the Technological District
of Canavese (CTDC - www.canavese.to.it)
The innovative 5 Centres of Competence : Cellular Sheet
services of TT Laser
Mechanical engineering
Microsystems
Metal PressingSerena Novero – Maastricht, October 2007
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THE CTDC PROJECTS:
T.S. (Tecnologia & Sviluppo) CANAVESE July 1999 – September 2001
PIA (Progetti Integrati d’Area) 01 July 2003 – May 2005
PIA 02 May 2004 – December 2005
PIA 03 August 2004 – December 2005
DIADI January 2004 – December 2006
CF 2 October 2005 – March 2008
The objective of each project was to give a significative impulse to the technological,
economic and social development of the manufacturing industry of the area,
supporting the rise of the competitiveness and of the employment in the local SMEs
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RThe technical services (described in a technical way) given to Canavese High Tech firms in the projects :
A Planning and making machineries
B Metallographic analysis for problems rise during the welding
C Use of laser technology
D Analyses and advices
E Certification of the products
F Use of the laboratories and services that the Centre supply
G Studies of fattibility
H Others different collaboration in the future
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R•The firms: definited with ATECO - ISTAT activities code
25 - Plastic and rubber manufactures 45 – Constructions
26 - Mineral not metalliferous products 50 - Motor vahicle commerce, maintenance and repair
27 – Metallurgy 51 – Wholesale trade and intermediaries
28 - Metal products manufactures (machineries and systems excluded)
52 - Retail commerce
29 - Mechanical machineries manufactures 64 - Post and telecommunications
30 - Manufacture of typewrites, PC and informatic systems
70 - Estate activities equipment
31 - Manufacture of machineries and elettric products
72 – Informatic and connected activities
32 – Manufacture of broadcasting and communication apparatus
74 – Test and technical analyses of products
33 – Manufacture of precision medical apparatus, optical instruments and watches 92 Cultural and sports activities and
Equipment34 - Cars, trailers and semi-trailers fabbrication
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RValuation of their impact - The method (Antonelli, 2005)Balance sheets data, comparison with the area as a whole (index) and probit models:
Y = Balance sheet performances (sales, ROI, G.O.M.)
X1 = ATECO code of activity of the firm
X2 = Size of the firm (number of employeers)
X3 = Gross Operative Margin (GOM = A.V. - salaries & wages)
X4 = Sales
X5 = Profit
X6 = GOM / Sales
X7 = ROS, ROI, ROE
X8 = existing technological problems
X9 = Centre of Competence involved
X10 = Objectives of the collaborations (A-H)
X11 = Feasibility studies
X12 = Results and possible developments
X13 = Processes or products modifications, patents
X14 = Projects execution
X15 = Further developments
X16 = Technological Status of each firm, before and
after the collaborations
X17 = Technological level and utility interventions
X18 = Their impact in the production
X17 = Relationships with the Centre
X18 = if new employments have been done or are
preview
X19 = if new opportunity of work are rised
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RSOME RESULTS..
Probability of success of an innovative project = 62%
Larger firms answer better to innovation
Previous high technological status has a big weight
Types and high technical quality of the collaborations are also very important
Firms belonging to the sectors 28, 29, 30 and 72 have had a bigger economic growth and have required mostly the collaborations C and D.
Firms of sectors 25, 27, 28 and 51 have had a better evolution of employment.
Collaborations B, C, D and E have given a good result for the increase of the employment
ATECOCode
EmploymentBalance sheets
variations 2001 / 2004
Rate ofGrowth
2001 /2004
Rate ofgrowth 2003 /
2004
Better Worse
25 6,5% 67,3% 1 1
27 -1,7% 90,3% 2
28 4,5% 40,1% 8 5
29 -0,2% 27,5% 11 11
30 -4,6% -1,6% 8 2
31 6,0% 12,7% 2 2
32 25,0% 5,3% 2 1
33 12,0% 2,0% 1 1
34 42,8% -22,3% 3 3
45 -32,0%
50 37,8% -42,3% 2
51 27,5% 45,7% 4 1
52 -11,1%
72 2,9% 0,5% 11 4
74 37,8% 14,1% 6
92 37,8% -42,3% 1
Medium 12% 14% 59,4% 40,6%
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RCOLLABORATIONS
Types of Collaborations Frequency Better Worse Employed
A Planning and making machineries 3,4% 3,6% 6,9%
B Metallographic analysis for problems rise during the welding
3,4% 4% 29,2%
C Use of laser technology 22,4% 18% 25% 27,1%
D Analyses and advices by technics 24,1% 24% 21,4% 28,1%
E Certification of the products 8,6% 12% 7,1% 50,6%
F Use of the laboratories and services that the centre supply
8,6% 12% 7,1% 17,6%
G Studies of fattibility 10,3% 8% 21,4% -11,1%
H Others different collaboration in the future
19% 22% 14,3% 59,4%
TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100%
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Collab. Technical level and utility
High Medium Low
A 1
B
C 6 3
D 7 2
E 2 2
F 2
G 6 3 1
H 4 1
Productive effects in the firms
Good Medium Nothing
2 3
4 1
2
1
1 1 3
2 1
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It(.) = f (collabt) + f (relationshipt) + f(serv.typologyt) + f(locationt) + + f(feasibilityt) + f(projectt) + vt
Bt(.) = f (ATECOt) + f (sizet) + f (salest) + f (profitt) + f (tech.problemst) + + f (collabt) + f (tech.statust) + f(serv.typologyt) + wt
Collaborations
Innovativeness
Balance sheet
Services typologies
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Research Question 3:
How enterprises in economical territorial agglomerations of others UE
Countries have been supported by public interventions finalized to their
innovation?
and which have been their impacts?
International comparison with the French case
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PAPER 3: AN INTERNATIONAL CONFRONTATION:
FROM LPS (Local Productive Systems) TO CP (Competition
Poles), FRENCH POLICIES GENESIS AND EVOLUTION
French Poles de Compétitivité: points of strength and weakness
Policies and the governance management followed by the regional governments – International comparison
Their impacts: effects on technological innovation, creation and diffusion of knowledges, abilities and technologies, training of skilled employeers, spillovers
Results on firms balance sheets
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Conclusions:
Determination of typologies of interventions useful to substain technology innovation and to support firms development, competitiveness and networking. All that to:
•Cut down the costs
•Favour a fast circulations of ideas and projects
•Allow the development of the areas
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Thank you for the attention!
Serena Novero