phase ii of world war ii
DESCRIPTION
Phase II of World War II. The World Fights For Survival. Pearl Harbor (1941 - PTO). Japanese fleet under Yamamoto travel 3,400 miles to deliver a decisive sneak attack US commanders Kimmel and Short are unaware of the impending attack - controversy abounds. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Phase II of World War II
The World Fights For Survival
![Page 2: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Pearl Harbor (1941 - PTO)
• Japanese fleet under Yamamoto travel 3,400 miles to deliver a decisive sneak attack
• US commanders Kimmel and Short are unaware of the impending attack - controversy abounds
![Page 3: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Why the attack? To neutralize US power in the face of a Japanese attack deep into the South Pacific
• What is at stake? Japanese access to oil, rubber, magnesium and other commodities in British and Dutch colonies
• British stronghold at Singapore would also be reduced by the Japanese with 70,000 POWs captured
![Page 4: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• 2,400 Americans killed and 18 vessels sunk or damaged compared to Japanese losses of under 200
• Oil tank farm and repair facilities left unscathed. Sunk vessels resurfaced.
• Nagumo: “we have awakened a sleeping giant”
![Page 5: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Midway (PTO - 1942)
• For six months after Pearl Harbor the Japanese run wild establishing the “Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere”
• Japanese victories at Java Sea and Coral Sea imperiled Australia and the west coast of the US
• Japanese armada steams for the Hawaiian islands in June, 1942 to square off with a 3 aircraft carrier fleet commanded by Adm. Nimitz
![Page 6: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• 3 day battle is a devastating defeat for the Japanese as Nimitz’s forces prevail
• 3 Japanese carriers sunk (Akagi caught by US torpedo-bombers while refueling her planes on deck)
• The battle for the Pacific now swings in the US’s favor
![Page 7: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The “Paukenschlag” (ETO <Atlantic> 1942)
• German U-boats based in Norway wreak havoc in the North Atlantic in the first six months of 1942
• From the coastline of North America to the Barents Sea Allied shipping face massacre odds
• Convoy PQ-17 an example of this • Allies turn the tide against Doenitz’s “wolf
packs” in mid-1943
![Page 8: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Several factors contributed to Allied victory: cracking the Enigma code machine, eliminating the mid-Atlantic air gap and greater Allied shipping productivity
![Page 9: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
El Alamein (ETO <North Africa> 1942)
• Montgomery’s Commonwealth forces (Br, Aus, NZ, Ind, SAf) defeated Rommel’s vaunted Afrika Korps
• Where: Egyptian desert sixty miles west of Alexandria
• What’s at stake: control of the Suez Canal and British access to India
• Victory turns the tide of the North African campaign just as American forces are arriving on the western coast of North Africa
![Page 10: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Guadalcanal (PTO-1942)
• MacArthur’s island-hopping campaign begins off the eastern coast of New Guinea in August, 1942
• Vandegrift’s US Marines stage amphibious invasion on an island vital as a staging ground for future operations
• Japanese kept their forces supplied by the Tokyo Express (battle of Iron Bottom Sound)
• First clear-cut land victory for Allies over Japanese after vicious fighting
![Page 11: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Stalingrad (ETO - 1942/43)
• Battle of epic proportions as Russians mount a “stand-or-die” defense of Stalin’s namesake city
• What’s at stake: the attempts by Paulus’ Army Group South to reach the oilfields of the Caucuses
• Barbarossa has stalled outside of Moscow and Leningrad
• Operation Blau begins in September with aerial bombardment that kills 30,000
![Page 12: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Ferocious street-fighting ensues as Russian general Chuikov orders his troops to “hug” the Germans
• An utterly destroyed city is fought for brick by brick. Railway station changes hands 15 times
• As November snows and cold approach, Germans hold 90% of the city but are shattered
• On November 19 a counteroffensive is begun by Russians under Zhukov
![Page 13: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Defying logic, Hitler forbids Paulus from removing his troops while he can still save a semblance of his army
• Estimates vary, but it appears that 350,000 Germans perished as well 100,000 of their allies (It, Rom, Hun).
• Perhaps 500,000 Russians died. Of the 840,000 civilians living in Stalingrad before the battle, 1500 remained at the end of the battle
![Page 14: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Pearl Harbor - Battleship Row
![Page 15: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Midway - US divebombers
![Page 16: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
El Alamein - Rommel v. Montgomery
![Page 17: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Stalingrad - Mamayev Kurgan
•
![Page 18: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Kharkov and Kursk - ETO
• Kharkov - a German counteroffensive victory. German army still dangerous even after the epic losses at Stalingrad
• This victory sets the stage for what Hitler hopes will be the make-or-break offensive in the East - Operation Zitadelle
![Page 19: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Kursk - the greatest clash of armored forces in the history of warfare
• Germans penetrate deep into Soviet lines but are unable to achieve victory and lose 850 armored vehicles
• This is a defeat the Wehrmacht will not recover from
![Page 20: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Sicily and Italy - ETO 1943
• Operations Husky and Avalanche part of Churchill’s plan to strike at the Axis’ “soft underbelly”
• Sicilian campaign would be marked by Anglo-American rivalry (Montgomery v. Patton)
• Italian campaign would be hampered by ineffective Allied leadership and determined German resistance aided by the arid, mountainous Italian landscape
![Page 21: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Mussolini toppled
• Mussolini’s is forced from power by the effect of the Allied invasion. With the connivance of King Victor Emmanuele III, il Duce is replaced by Badoglio
• Allies place heavy symbolic importance on the capture of Rome, the campaign for the “eternal city” would be hard and bloody
• June 4, 1944 Rome is entered by the Allies, two days late D-day will occur in NW France and the Italian campaign will be relegated to secondary status
![Page 22: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Tarawa PTO 1943
• The US island-hopping campaign moves from the Solomon islands to the Gilbert islands in the central Pacific
• Tarawa, a heavily fortified volcanic atoll, proves a formidable prize for the US Marines
• In 76 hours of fighting the Marines lose as many men as they did during the six-month Guadalcanal campaign
• Nevertheless, victory is achieved and the noose tightens around the Japanese
![Page 23: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Kursk
![Page 24: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Sicilian campaign
![Page 25: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Gen. George S. Patton (USA)
![Page 26: Phase II of World War II](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062410/56815a17550346895dc76127/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Tarawa