PHN TCH QU TRNH THA HA V HI SINH CA NHN VT CH PHOA.QU TRNH THA HA:M Bi: +Tc phm Ch Pho c ra i nm 1941.Nguyn c tn l ci l gch c n nm 1941 nh xut bn t i tn thnh i la xng i n nm 1946 tc gi i tn thnh Ch Pho+.Ch Pho l mt truyn ngn c sc ca nh vn Nam Cao vit v ti ngi nng dn trc cch mng.+N l mt truyn ngn c th lm m ht cc tc phm cng ra mt thi, a Nam Cao ln v tr hng u trong lp cc nh vn hin thc ph phn trong giai on 1930-1945.+Tc gi xy dng thnh cng mt nhn vt in hnh,nhn vt Ch Pho,phn nh mt tn bi kch c ngha su sc vo loi tiu biu nht ca nn vn hc Vit Nam.+Bi kch ca Ch Pho l bi kch ca mt ngi nng dn cng kh b x y vo con ng lu manh ti li,b c tuyt quyn lm ngi,hay ni cch khc l s phn bi thm ca mt con ngi mun c lm ngi m khng th c.+Nam Cao vit v tn bi kch ca Ch Pho bng mt bt php v cng sc so:bin ha lc k,lc t,trit l th thm tha,tr tnh th au n xt xa...y m nh ngh thut,lm xc ng lng ngi hn na th k nay. Thn bi:1.Hnh tng nhn vt Ch Pho: -Hon cnh xut thn ca Ch Pho(xut thn l ngi nng dn ngho, lng thin) + Ch Pho bt hnh ngay t khi s sinh trn trung v xm ngt trong mt ci vy p bn cnh l gch b khng.Anh th ng lng rc ly v em cho mt ngi n b ga m,sau hn b em bn cho bc ph ci.Ch ln ln trong cnh b v,khng cha m,khng h hng thn thch,khng mt mi lu che thn,khng mt tc t cm di ht i cho nh ny li i cho nh n,n nm hai mi tui lm canh in cho l Kin.C th ni ci trang i th u v thanh nin ca Ch Pho l hai mi nm tri ng cay khng chn nng thn.+Ch l mt ngi hin lnh,c lng t trong:khi b b ba sai bp chn,hn va lm va run,Ch thy nhc hn l thchtrc mt vic lm m Ch cho l khng chnh ng.Bi kch ca anh canh in ny bt u t chuyn b Ba ng l cn tr lm m li c hay m lng,bt hn bp chn,hay xoa bng,m lng g y.Ch khng phi l g ,nhng hnthy nhc hn l thch,hung h li s.Ch mt chuyn ghen tung khng u,B Kin ngm ngm cu kt vi quan tn bt Ch gii ln huyn,b t hn by,tm nm tri.Ch nh t thc dn na phong kin tn bo,d man bin Ch Pho t mt nng dn lng thin,hin lnh tr thnh mt tn lu manh,mt con qu d ca lng V i-T khi ra t n trc khi gp Th N(qu trnh tha ha ca Ch Pho)a.Thay i t ngt c v nhn tnh v nhn hnh: +Nhn tnh:tr thnh mt tn lu manh,mt con qu d ca lng V i. +Nhn hnh:b x hi lu manh vm nt b mt ngi. + i tbit tm,bng u hn lil l ln v.Mt Ch Pho hon ton khc hn,thay i t ngt c v nhn tnh v nhn hnhci u th trc lc,ci rng co trng hn,ci mt th en m li rt cng cng,hai mt gm gm trong gm cht.Ch mc ci qun ni en,ci o ty vng,ci ngc v ci tay y nhng nt chm tr rng phng vi mt ng tng cm chy. l hnh nh Ch Pho lc ngi ung ru vi th ch ch t tra ti x chiu,cho n lc say kht.b.Hnh ng chi ca Ch Pho:+Ch Pho sng trin min trong nhng cn say,trong mi cn say th hn li chi.Tt c dn lng u s hntrnh mt hn mi ln hn qua.Hn chi ai cng nghmc thy cha n,ai cng chng thm nghe,khc nonhng ngi say ru ht.Hnh nh Ch Phova i va chi gy cho ngi c ni m nh v bi kch ca mt ngi in khng,m tr ang tri qua ni c n tuyt vng.Hn chi sut,chi tri,ng ti cao ca mun loi,chi ii l tt c nhng chng l ai,chi c lng V i,ci cng ng gn gi thing ling ca con ngi,chi tt c nhng ai khng chi nhau vi hn,tc mnh hn chi a no ra chnh hnnhng khng ai ln ting c.Ngi ta khng ln ting v ngi ta khng cng nhn Ch l ngi.Ch Phe c chichi ri li nghe.Hn b bao vy bi mts im lng ng s.Nm th mi ha miba con ch d vi mt thng say ru.Hn hon ton b x hi c tuyt khng c nhn nhn l ngi.c.Ch Pho n nh B Kin:+ Trong cn say hn hnh ng mt cch d di: xng thng n nh B kin chim t t tin n ln ln mt, p ci v chai vo ci cng, rch mt, ku tri n v!Ch Pho hnh ng nh mt tn u b v cng ngang ngc. l li hnh ng ca mt k say ru m c trong tim thc ca Ch Pho. Cng thm nhng nm thng t y mi th cng c hun c, nui dng ngy cng su sc v m hn. Bao nm ngi t Ch c dp nghin ngm cn nhc trc khi i n quyt nh ng n. Cho nn, hn bao gi ht, va ri khi nh t l Ch si sc mt thc tr th. S cm th k gy ra ti li v y mnh vo con ng au kh dn ng Ch n nh c B d l ang trong cn say kht. Hnh vi ca Ch hon ton liu lnh v mang tnh bt pht. Hn na d g trong su xa bn cht ca Ch cng ch l mt nng dn tht th n mc gn nh ngy th cho nn s tht bi ca Ch trong ln i u u tin ny l mt chuyn rt hin nhin. Lm sao qua c k khn rc i nh B Kin . B Kin l k tinh ma xo quyt, lm mu nhiu k nn i ph vi Ch chng ly g l kh khn. Ch thong nhn qua l B Kin hiu c ca i phng. Nn Ch mi tht bi trong ch, cay ng vi nhng li vut ve, ngon ngt cng thm vi ng lm la mt Ch. T mt v tr l k i hi ti k th ch thot mt ci vn c lt ngc: k c ti li ung dung nh mt k ra n cn ngi hi ti li thnh tay sai phc dch cho k th m khng hay bit. + Ln th hai cng trong dng iu say mm Ch ngt ngng n nh B Kin gp hn c xin i t. Tht l mt chuyn ngc i. Thu nay cha thy ai lm mt chuyn phi l n mc dy chc ch c Ch Pho. Tuy l nghch l nhng li phn nh ng thc ti ca Ch. Khng c cm n, o mc, mt mnh t cm di cng khoomg. Cnh ng bi t ca Ch phn no phn nh ng hin trng x hi lc by gi l ngi lm ng lc li, trot sa chn vo cng bn ca ti li th khng sao rt chn ra c. ch b t n khi c tr v cuc sng i thng th li khng tm c k sinh nhai hay ni ng hn l khng c tip nhn v v th li tip tc b y vo bc ng cng. Nghe Ch ni vi B Kin m thy xt xa trong d: Bm qu i t sng qu i, t c cm n, by gi v lng v nc mt thc cm di khng c. S tht nh th ? Nh t l chn dung thn ? Trn cu ch th ta khng th ngh khc c. Nhng nu ngh su xa mt cht ta mi thy ng ngng v lng tm chng c thanh thn. Nu nh ngha ca nh t l canh tnh, ci to con ngi, tr con ngi v vi cuc sng hon lng th nh t y li thc hin ngc li. N bin nhng k lng thin t thnh mt loi ngi lu manh khn nn. Nh vn Huy-g rt ng khi ni Khi cha vo t anh l mt cnh cy ti , khi ra t anh l mt cy ci kh. Cng nh ln trc, Ch li tht bi trc ci khn rc i ca c B: b gt m khng h nhn ra. m mu ca B Kin mi thm c lm sao. Dng c tr c, dng Ch Pho tr i To. C Ch v i To u l k th ca hn, nn v trng c xy ra x xt, ai c, ai mt c B u c li, va tha mn c nh tr th va khng phi mang ting l k bo th nh nhen, tin. Cng k t y. Ch mc phng hng hn, hn tr thnh tay sai c lc cho B Kin.Hn chm ngp vo vng bn tm ti ti li. Hn mt dn nim v thi gian, khng bit tui tc cuc i mnh di bao nhiu nm ri. Nm ni nm, tui ni tui, ba mi tm hay ba mi chin? Bn mi hay ngoi bn mi?. B mt Ch Pho gi y nh ci mt ca con vt lvi mu vng vng m li mun xm mu gio vi bao nhiu l so vn dc vn ngang, vt mnh chai n v ku lng! Cuc i hn chng cht ti li bao nhiu vic c hip, ph phch m chm., ngi ta giao cho hn lm. Hn m thu chm mn d kim tin m ung ru. Nhng cn say ca hn trn cn ny sang cn khc, thnh mt cn di, mnh mnghn n trong lc say, ng trong lc say ,thc dy hy cn say, p u, rch mt, chi bi da nt trong lc say, ung ru trong lc say, ri say na, say v tn.Ch Pho b mua chuc, b x y vo con ng lu manh,ti li. Mun git ngi, mun m chm v cp git cn gan v liu mng, hn tm n ru. Mt dn nhn tnh, hn tr thnh con qu d lng V i:hn bit u hn ph bao nhiu cn nghit, p nt bao nhiu cnh yn vui, p bao nhiu hnh phc, lm chy mu v nc mt ca bao nhiu ngi lng thin.+ Ch Pho l in hnh cho mt quy lut c tnh ph bin trong x hi c l quy lut bn cng ha dn n lu manh ha. Ni au ln nht ca Ch Pho l ni au ca mt con ngi b tn ph v th xc, b hy dit v tm hn ,b x hi c tuyt quyn lm ngi, l gi tr t co, gi tr hin thc mi m ca tc phm.

B.QU TRNH HI SINH:-Din bin tm l,tnh cm ca Ch Pho/t tnh ru n tnh ng:+ Gia lc Ch ang ri vo ng thm m en ca ti li th Nam Cao bng tm lng nhn o su sc. ng mang n cho Ch mtthin s- Th N vi hi vng cu vn linh hn Ch Pho. + Ch Pho gp Th N b sng, trong lc say. Th N l mt ngi n b d hi, xu x, ngn ng, chng + Con ngi xu nma ch qu hn, k diu thay, Th N li l ngun nh sang duy nht ri vo chn ti tm ca tm hn Ch Pho thc tnh, gi dy bn tnh ngi ni Ch Pho, thp sang qua bao ny thng b dp vi, ht hi. Chnh cuc tnh ngn ni vi Th N tron mt m trng v tnh thp ln ngn la cuc sng trong Ch. C nh ph bnh cho rng: th N l mt s gi m Nam Cao phi n thc tnh Ch Pho.+ Sng hm y, Ch Pho tnh dy long bun khung m h bun. ting chim ht, ting ngi i ch, ting thuyn chi g mi cho ui c Nhng ting quen thuc y hm no ch c, nhng hm nay Ch mi nghe thy. Lng hn bun chao i l bun! Ting vng ca i hng nh thc linh hn Chi. Hn nh li nhng ngy xa, mt thi tng m c, ci c m bnh d ca nhng ngi dn cy ngho kh c mt gia nh nho nh, chng cuc mn cy thu, v dt vi nui ln lm vn ling, kh gi th mua dm ba xo rung. Cng hi tng cng bun cng lo u. Ngai bn mi tui u Ch cm thy, ti ci dc bn kia cuc i, v hn lo, hn s i rt v m au, v c c, ci ny cn ng s hn i rt v m au.+ Bt cho hnh ca Th N lm cho Ch Pho gn nh thay i hn.Ln u tin hn c nm mi chotri i cho mi thm lm sao!.Cng ln u tin hn c chm sc bi mt bn tay n b.My chc nm qua hn mun n th phi da,phi cp th mln ny l ln th nht hn c mt ngi n b cho. Ch Pho va hp cho hnh va tru mn nhn Th N, ri hn vn v ngh nhn ngh xa. Lu nay hn ch m chm v cp git nu khng cn sc m cp git, da nt na th sao. Thng lu manh ch mnh v liu. S c mt lc no khng th no liu c na th by gi mi nguy!+Ch Pho vn l ngi lao ng cng kh lng thinci bn tnh ca hn ngy thng b lp i.Cng vi tnh yu,s sn sc ca th N,trn m hay i hn v sinh l,cng thay i c v tm l naca Ch Pho.

-Kht khao hon lng v mong c hanh phc: + Ch mong mun tr li lm ngi lng thin: Tri i! Hn thm lng thin, hn mun lm ha vi mi ngi bit bao!... H s li nhn hn vo ci x hi bng phng, thn thin ca nhng ngi lng thin.+ Ch kht khao hnh phc v c mt gia nh: Gi c th ny mi th thch nh?, Hay l mnh sang y vi t mt nh cho vui. Cu ni y l mt cu ni tnh t, biu l chn tnh ci kht khao mun c lm ngi,thm lng thin v mn lm ha vi mi ngi ca Ch Pho. C nghe hn chi, c nhn thy hn rch mt, n v, c mc kch hn say ru vc dao i m ngi th ta mi thy xc ng v cng trc nhng khao kht bnh d y ca Ch Pho, ca con ngi au kh bt hnh!... Cu tr li ca Th N s quyt nh s phn ca hn.+ Nh mt k cht ui gia vc su,Ch phobm c th N c tng l v c cc, u ng ch l r bo. Ch Pho say th lm, nhng n hm th su th Th ngh bng: hy dng yu hi c Th . Nh ta bit, con ng tr li lm ngi ca Ch Pho va c h m ra b ng sm li! B c ay nghin Th N, b thy chu sao sao m th?. B thy nhc nh, b go ln nh con ma di. B quyt khng cho php chu b i ly mt thng ch c mt ngh rch mt n v. Nhng trch g b ta! Cch nhn ca b ta cng chnh l cch nhn ca mi ngi lng V i lu nay i vi Ch pho. Ch tr B Kin v th N ra, ch cn ai na dm i qua mt Ch, dm i din vi Ch! Tt c quen coi hn l qu d ,mt ri. hm nay, linh hn hn tr v, nhng khng ai nhn ra; hn mun lm ha vi mi ngi nhng ai nhn! Ch Pho thc s ri vo bi kch tinh thn, au n, qun qui. Hn ngn ngi khi nhn v nghe Th ni. Hn: sng st ng ln gi Th. Hn ui theo nm ly tay Th, nhng b Th gt ra, di thm cho mt ci g ln khoo xung sn. Ch Pho vt v trong cn au n tuyt vng. Hn v mt hn gch toan p u n v! Hn phi m cht con N kia, m cht ci con khm gi nh n. Hn li ung, li ung nhng cng ung cng tnh ra, tnh ra thm tha ni au v hn ca thn phn mnh: quyn lm ngi c sng lng thin b x hi v ng loi dt khot c tuyt. ri hn m mt khc rng rc cho n khi hn say mm ngi ri hn i. Hn sra i vi mt con dao tht kuwng vi cu ni lm nhm: Tao phi m cht n. Chnh vo bui tra tri nng, ng vngy, ch Pho ln th ba n gp B kin khng i tin nh mi khi m i lng thin, i quyn lm ngi lng thin!. cu ni ca Ch Pho Ai cho tao lng thin? lm th no cho mt c ht nhng vt mnh chai trn mt ny? Tao khng th l ngi lng thin na. Bit khng!... l nhng li an thp vch mt, kt n tn cng ho xo quyt B Kin, ng thi l ting ku thng tuyt vng ca mt kip ngi au kh! Ch Pho vng dao ti git B Kin ri t st. Ch git cht con qu d lng V i lm hi i anh. Ch khng mun sng na, v gi y, thc v nhn phm tr v. Ch khng th sng kiu lu manh, khng th lm qu d, sng nh th vt c na. ch Pho cht bi tm, qun qui trn vng mu ca mnh, cht trong ting ku ut hn au thng, y xt xa, m nh. Anh ta cht trn ngng ca tr v cuc i, khi cnh ca cuc i ng cht trc mt anh. +Bi kch ca CP l bi kch ca mt con ngi c gng vng vy ngoi ln nhng cng c gng th cng b p xung su hn khng ngc u ln c.-Bn co trng t co x hi ng thi:+Tc gi t co x hi phong kin bt cng, khin con ngi sinh ra l ngi m khng c lm ngi.+T co B Kin,L Cng,mt k co gi lc li,nham him,i din cho bn a ch cng ho nc ta thi TCM.+T co lng V l hnh nh ci x hi thc dn phong kin thi n,ci c ng tr,v tnh nhn tm khng xem CP l ngi,khng dm dang tay cu gip CP.+Tc gi mun th hin bn cht tt p ca ngi dn lao ng ngay c khi tng h b x hi tn bo cp ot tt c.Ci cht ca CP:nh i s sng khng nh nhn cch c nhn,quyn lm ngi.->Bn co trng anh thp t co x hi tn bo bt cng p con ngi xung vng bn,khng cho ngi ta c lm ngi lng thin.Kt Bi:SGK/156

Truyn ngn Ch Pho ca Nam Cao kt thc bng hnh nh: t nhin th thy thong hin ra mt ci l gch c b khng, xa nh ca, v vng ngi li qua- ngha ni dung:+ Ci l gch c vn l ni Ch Pho b b ri lc lt lng, gi y khi Ch Pho va cht li xut hin trong ngh ca th N kt thc truyn, gi ra c s qun quanh, b tc trong tn bi kch tha ha v b c tuyt quyn sng lng thin ca ngi nng dn.+ Kt thc truyn th hin t tng nhn o su sc ca Nam Cao: ng cm vi ni thng kh ca ngi nng dn di ch thng tr tn bo ca bn a ch phong kin, trn trng kht vng c sng lng thin ca h. - ngha ngh thut + Truyn kt thc bng cch lp li hnh nh phn m u to nn kt cu u cui tng ng gi ra vng trn lun qun ca thn phn Ch Pho, gip t m ch t tng: cuc i Ch Pho tuy kt thc nhng tn bi kch Ch Pho s vn cn tip din. + Kt thc truyn va khp va m dnh nhiu khong trng cho ngi c tng tng v suy ngm, to ra c d m su bn i vi s tip nhn

HNH TNG NHN VT HUN CAO TRONG TC PHM CH NGI T TMB:+Nguyn Tun l cy bt xut sc ca nn vn hc Vit Nam c trc v sau Cch mng. Trc Cch mng, Nguyn Tun ni ting vi cc tc phm: Vang bng mt thi, Chic l ng mt cua, Cha n sau cch mng nh vn li du n su sc qua mt s ty bt: H Ni ta nh M gii, Sng +Ch ngi t t l tc phm c sc nht ca Nguyn Tun trch trong tp Vang bng mt thi. Ni bt trong tc phm Ch ngi t t chnh l hnh tng ngi anh hng Hun Cao mang v p ti hoa v kh phch anh hng lm lit khin mi ln gp trang sch li ta khng th no qun.TB:+Hun Cao l mt anh hng thi lon hi t nhng phm cht ti nng: kh phch hin ngang thin lng trong sng ti hoa uyn bc. Hun Cao l mt nguyn mu lch s c tht ca th k XIX, l hin thn ca v tng ngi anh hng ca cuc khi ngha M Lng, mt nh th, nh th php Cao B Qut lng ly mt thi. Qua ngi bt ti hoa ca Nguyn Tun, nguyn mu lch s ny t nhin i vo trang vn v hin ln lung linh sng ta trn tng con ch.+Ngay t u tc phm, Hun Cao hin ln nh nh ho quang ph kn c bu tri tnh Sn. Qua li tr chuyn ca qun ngc v th li ta thy ting tm ca Hun Cao ni nh cn. iu lm cho bn ngc quan phi king n khng ch l ti vit ch p m cn l ti b kha, vt ngc ca ng Hun. Tuy nhin, y khng phi l tr ca bn tiu nhn v li c tng khot vch tm thng m l hnh nh ca mt ngi anh hng ngang tng, mt nam t Hn i trng phu nh thin lp a khng cam chu cnh t y p bc, mun bt ph gng cm xing xch thot khi vng n l. Hun Cao mang ct cch ngo ngh, phi thng ca mt bc trng phu. Nhng k theo hc o Nho thng th hin lng trung qun mt cch m qung. Nhng trung qun ri dn lung chu lm than mun phn th ha ra l ti ca t nc. ng Hun la chn con ng khc: con ng u tranh ginh quyn sng cho ngi dn v ti. B triu nh phn xt l k t t phn nghch, ti x chm, l gic c nhng trong lng nhn dn lao ng chn chnh ng li l mt anh hng bt khut, mt k ngang tng chc tri khuy nc sng ngoi vng cng ta. Tuy ch ln ca ng khng thnh nhng ng vn hin ngang bt khut, lung linh sng ta gia cuc i.

+Trc uy quyn ca nh lao, con ngi y cng sng ta. Tr tiu nhn th oai, da dm ca bn tiu li gi t cng lm cho ng thm phn ngang ngo. ng vn gi thi bnh thn, xem thng, d gng, phi rp, hm hnh a vui. Hun Cao ci u thc mnh u thang gng xung t nh thunh mt ci lm v tan i chn trang nghim ca chn ngc t. l thi ngang tng, bt chp lut php ca mt x hi d bn.

+Ngi xa thng ni Nht nht ti t thin thu ti ngoi (Mt ngy trong t bng nghn thu ngoi). Thay v bun ru, chn nn gm mt mi cm hn trong ci st th ng li thn nhin nhn ru tht v n ung no say coi nh mt vic vn lm trong ci hng sinh bnh. Chng t ng no xem nh t l chn ngc tm ti m ch xem nh t nh mt chn dng chn ngh ngi Chy mi chn th hng t.

+i vi qun ngc, Hun Cao rt: lnh lng, khinh bc xng h "ta - ngi", mit th h nhc Ngi bo ta cn g, ta ch cn ngi ng t chn vo y na. Cch tr li ngang tng, ngo mn y trch thng nh vy l bi v Hun Cao vn hin ngang, kin cng; n ci cht chm cng cn chng s na l... ng khng thm m xa n s tr th ca k b mnh xc phm. Hun Cao rt c thc c v tr ca mnh trong x hi, ng bit t v tr ca mnh ln trn nhng loi d bn cn b ca x hi. Bn tin bt nng di, uy v bt nng khut. Nhn cch ca Hun Cao qu l trong sng nh pha l, khng h c mt cht try xc no. Theo ng, ch c thin lng , bn cht tt p ca con ngi mi l ng qu. C l chnh v vy m khi nghe tin x trm: ng vn thn nhin, khng s hi, ch kh mm ci, bt chp ci cht, coi thng ci cht.

+Bn cnh dng kh ngt tri ca mt bc ho hn, v p ca Hun Cao cn l v p ca con ngi ti hoa. ng c ti vit ch p. Ti vit ch p ca Hun Cao do l biu hin ca nt p ca vn ho mt thi. "Ch ng Hun Cao p lm, vung lm". p n mc ngi ta kht khao, ngng vng "c c ch ng Hun m treo l c mt bu vt trn i". Tuy nhin, ng li l ngi c thc gi gn ci p, c lng t trng: Ta nht sinh khng v vng ngc hay quyn th m p mnh vit cu i bao gi. Ni kh ca qun ngc l c Hun Cao trong tay, di quyn mnh nhng li khng th no c c ch ng Hun. Qun ngc v Hun Cao l hai con ngi hai th gii cch bit, i lp nhau: Qun ngc i din cho th lc nh t, nm gi php lut; Hun Cao l k t t . Hun Cao l ngi sng to ci p; qun ngc l ngi yu qu ci p li l ngi b ng tri chi c, em y i nhng ci thun khit vo gia mt ng cn b. Trn bnh din x hi h l hai k i lp nhng trn bnh din ngh thut h li l tri m tri k. Tnh hung truyn l ch y, c hai k li gp nhau trong cnh o le ny.

+Lc hiu c tm lng vin qun ngc: ng Hun lng ngh, mm ci, ngc nhin ta cm ci tm lng bit nhn lin ti... thiu cht na ta ph mt mt tm lng trong thin h. Li ni rt chn tnh, xc ng. iu ny cho thy Hun Cao l mt ngi hin ngang, kh phch nhng cng rt c ngha kh. Khng th ph mt thanh m trong tro chen ln gia mt bn n m nhc lut u hn lon x b.-Cnh cho ch:+Hai con ngi ng nht ta sng trong m cho ch Mt cnh tng xa nay cha tng c. Nguyn Tun dn ht bt lc ca mnh vo cnh ny. Nh vn huy ng vn ngn ng, tm huyt v ti nng ca mnh dn t li trong mt khng kh c xa honh trng ca ngh thut thanh cao: VIT TH PHP.

Nh vn dng cnh tht ti tnh v y dng ngh thut. Th php tng phn lm nn cnh cho ch bi trng cha tng thy. l s i lp gia bng ti v nh sng; gia s d bn ca x hi nh t v thin lng trong sng, kh phch rng ngi. Tng phn gia b uc sng rc trn vch nh vi m en thm thm; tng phn gia vung la trng, thoi mc thm v tng nh, t y mng nhn, y phn chut, phn gin. y s i lp gia nh sng v bng ti c ging co nhau quyt lit. Bng ti qunh c nh mun nut ti nh sng. Nhng khng, nh sng y vn ngi chi vn ngi t, sng rc, ch khng nh nh sng leo lt, bun ru ca ngn n con ch T v nh sng rc ta, chi li nh on tu ri li chm vo h khng ca bng m trong truyn ngn Hai a tr ca Thch Lam. Song xt su xa hn th nh sng khng ch n thun mang ngha sc mu vt l m nh sng mang sc mu ngha nhn sinh m nt: nh sng ca s lng tri, ca nhn tm, ca thin lng trong sng chin thng bng ti ca cng quyn, bo lc. S chin thng l iu tt yu s xy ra, bi v mi ci thin, ci cao c, chnh ngha cui cng s chin thng. Vi nh sng y cm ha con ngi mt cch mnh m, nng nhng con ngi c c, mn m ci ti, nhng yu t tr v cuc sng lng thin... S chin thng l bn hng ca, ca ngi ch tm ca con ngi thin lng

Vit th php l ni th phng th snh sch s thong mt, c hoa c nguyt, c men ru cay nng. Nhng khung cnh thng thy y li khng hin din ni y. y, s d bn, phm tc c hin hu rt r: mt bung ti cht hp, m t, tng y mng nhn, t ba bi phn chut, phn gin. S nhem nhuc, phm tc ln nh im. Nhng s xut hin ca phin la, ca thoi mc thm xua tan i mi u. Nhng s u dn dn bin mt, bi Ci p l a ht ca s sng, ci p ln ngi thay th cho ci xu xa, thp hn, ci p nng con ngi. V th d C eo gng chn vng xing nhng ng Hun vn tung honh ngang dc ci kht khao ca i mnh ln tng vung la trng. l thi uy nghi, ng hong, mt thi ca hm thing khi sa c m chng hn cht no. Thi y, ng l Thn th trong lao - Tinh thn ngoi lao. Ngi t y ng tr ni bng ti ny vi mt dng vc uy nghi, lm lit tht ng hong lm cho bn qun l nh ngc phi khip s, knh n: vin qun ngc li vi khm nm ct nhng ng tin km nh du ch t trn phin la v thy th li gy g run run bng chu mc. Nt ch ca ng nh rng bay phng ma, thin lng ca ng ta sng lng lng chn ngc t. Ti hoa v thin lng v kh phch hp nht thnh Hun Cao. K l thay, trong cnh cho ch ny, php lut v uy quyn ca nh t b sp . Uy quyn v bo lc gi y tan bin, n b khut phc bi ci p, ci thin lng. khng cn t t v qun ngc, th li. ch cn nhng con ngi yu qu v bit thng thc ci p. Ci xu xa, ci c, ci cht chc nhng ch cho ci p, ci bt t. iu cho thy rng trong nh t tm ti, hin thn cho ci c, ci tn bo , khng phi ci c, ci xu ang thng tr m chnh ci p, ci Dng, ci Thin, ci cao c ang lm ch. Vi cnh cho ch ny, ci nh ngc tm ti sp, bi v khng cn k phm ti t t, khng c qun ngc v th li, ch c ngi ngh s ti hoa ang sng to ci p trc i mt ngng m sng knh ca nhng k lin ti, tt c u thm m nh sng thun khit ca ci p, ci p ca thin lng v kh phch. Cng vi cnh ny, ngi t t ang i vo ci bt t.

+Li khuyn ca Hun Cao i vi qun ngc li mt ln na khng nh ci p, ci thin lng ca con ngi: y ln ln ta khuyn thy Qun nn thay chn i. Ch ny khng phi l ni treo mt bc la vi nhng nt ch vung vn, ti tn n ni ln ci hoi bo tung honh ca mt i con ngi. Li khuyn ca Hun Cao khng nh rng: ci p, ci thin lng khng bao gi v khng khi no li c th chung sng vi ci xu, ci c: y kh gi thin lng cho lnh vng c v ri cng nhen nhum mt c ci i lng thin i. Mt li khuyn tht thin tm, thin ca Hun Cao lm cho vin qun ngc cm ng: vi ngi t mt vi, chp tay ni mt cu m dng nc mt r vo k ming lm cho nghn ngo: - K m mui ny xin bi lnh. Cu ni : K m mui ny xin bi lnh cho thy rng: ci p, ci thin, ci ti hoa chin thng tuyt i. Ci p ca ngh thut xa nha mi khong cch v ranh gii a con ngi n vi nhau trong v p Chn Thin M.KB:SGK/115

PHN TCH NHN VT LIN TRONG TC PHM HAI A TR CA THCH LAM.MB:+ Thch Lam l mt trong nhng cy bt vn xui xut sc nht vn hc Vit Nam trong giai on 1930-1945.+ Thch Lam c quan nim vn chng tin b lnh mnh, ng c bit ti v truyn ngn.+ Vn phong ca Thch Lam trong treo, nh nhng, gi cm. V ng sau nhng rang vn tinh t y cm xc y l tm lng trc n i vi nhng kip ngi ngho kh trong x hi c.+ Thch Lam l mt gng mt kh c bit ca t lc vn on. Cc tc gi khc ca t lc vn on thng hng ngi bt v nhng con ngi l ngc cnh vng sang tc ca hc hng m ni bun lng mn. Trong khi Thch Lam li hng ngi bt ca mnh v nhng con ngi nh b c nhng bt hnh u kh trong cuc sng, sng tc ca Tach Lam li cht cha ni au hin thc.+ Tuy c xem l nh vn thuc khuynh hng lng mn, nhng cng c truyn thin v hin thc. Truyn Hai a tr li ha quyn gia hai yu t lng mn v hin thc.+ Hai a tr c rt t tp truyn ngn nng trong vn xut bn nm 1938.+ Truyn ngn Hai a tr l tiu biu cho khuynh hng v phong cch ngh thut ca Thch Lam.+Hai a tr l mt truyn ngn tr tnh, c Thch Lam th hin nh nhng m thm tha nim xt thng i vi nhng kip ngi sng c cc qun quanh, b tc trong x hi c. ng thi n th hin s trn trng vi nhng c mong vn ti m cuc sng tt p hn.+ Truyn ngn dng nh khng c ct truyn da trn c s din bin tm trng nhn vt chnh l Lin.TB:+ Lin l mt c b nh tui, tui ngy th, trong sang, tui m bit n ng bit hc hnh l ngoan di ngi bt ca Thch Lam Lin hin ln vi hnh nh ca mt c b nh gi i trc tui. Tui th chm trong ni bun ca s tn t ca mt cuc sng y bong ti. i vi tm hn th b y on tu m t H Ni v chy qua ph huyn chnh l nim vui nh b , le li. + Thy Lin mt vic c gia nh phi dn t H Ni v ph huyn nh b Cm Ging- Hi Dng, mt ni i ngho vi nhng kip ngi nh b lay lc. Bn thn gia nh Lin chng kh gi g, m lm hng so, ch em Lin trng coi gian hng tp ha nh xu vi nhn mn hng lt vt chng bn c bao nhiu. Lin l mt c b nhy cm hay ng lng trc n. Tm trng ca Lin din bin theo thi gian t chiu hm cho n khi on tu ngang qua ph huyn.A.CNH CHIU MUN:-Cnh ngy tn:+Bc tranh ph huyn m ra vi tm trng bun man mc ca Lin khi chng kin cnh ph huyn ngho lc chiu mun ngho kh,tiu iu.Bc tranh m u bng m thanh cating trng thu khng tn ci chi ca huyn nh,tng ting mt vang ra gi chiu v. l m thanh bo hiu ngy tn v cng l m thanh chm ht ca mt ngy y nh sng thay vo l bng ti,ni bun.Nn ca bc tranh chiu bao trm biPhng ty rc nh la chy v nhng m my nh hng nh hn than sp tn.Trn nn tridy tre ln trc mt en li v ct hnh r rt.Ting trng thu khng im tng ting mt li ko thmting ch nhi ku ran ngoi ng rung theo gi nh a vo.y l cnh xa,cnh nn caMt chiu m nh ru. cng l thi khc m ra th gii tm trng ca Lintrong i mt Lin bng ti ngp y dn v ci bun ca bui chiu qu thm tha vo tm hn ngay th ca ch.Lin khng hiu sao nhng ch thy lng bun man mc trc ci gi khc ca ngy tn.Hai ch em nhn ra phcc nh ln n c ri.T nhng ngn n y ngi c c th on ra ngi ngho,k giu:n treo trong nh bc ph M,n dy sng xanh trong hiu khchchc chn sng hn ngn n hoa k leo lt trong nh ng Cu,ngn n trong ca hng ca ch em Lin.V nhng ngun sng y u chiu ra ngoi ph khin ct lp lnh tng ch v ng mp m thm v nhng hn nh mt bn sng mt bn ti, l ci kho,ci tinh t trong miu t ca TL.-Cnh ch tn:-Thm vo l cnh ch tnNgi v ht v ting n o cng mt.Trn t ch cn rc ri,v th ,v bi,l nhn v l ma.Mt mi m m bc ln ln vi mi ct bi quen thuc,khin ch em Lin tng l mi ring ca t,ca qu hng ny.Lin ng lng thng nhng mnh i c cc chnh l hnh nhmy a tr con nh ngho ven ch ci lom khom trn mt t i li tm i.Chng nht nhanh thanh na,thanh tre hay bt c ci g c th dng c,hnh nh nh khc su vo lng trc n ca Lin,nhng chnh ch cng khng c tin m cho chng n.-Cnh nhng kip ngi tn:+Trong cnh xc x,tiu hin ln nhng mnh i lm li,ng thng: Cuc i m con ch T nh gn lin vi mn m bng ti.Thng cu b xch iu m v khin ci gh trn lng trong ng i ra.M ca n,ch T i theo saui ci chng trn u v tay mang khng bit bao nhiu l c,ngy th i m cua bt tp,ti n ch mi dn ci hng nc,hng nc th t vn ,vng khc,nhng hm no ch cng dn ra t chiu n m,hai m con ch T c gng cm c cuc sng trong v vng. Bc ph Siu th c nguy c ph sn v khng bn c hng ci huyn nh ny,qu bc Siu l mt th qu xa x Gia nh bc Xm:ngi tr6n manh chiu,ci thau st trng trc mt,nhng bc cha h v cha c khch, s ngho kh khng th cu vn. B c Thi:hi in,nghin ru,ting ci khanh khch,i ln vo bng ti. ->Tt c nhng con ngi y lm nhng vic quen thuc ca mnh,nhng dng nh khng phi v mc ch .H lm v thi quen?V trnh s bun chn vo ban m ph huyn ngho?hay lm v chng y ngi trong bng ti mong i mt ci g ti sng cho s sng ngho kh hng ngy ca h - vt tn:+Bao quanh h l nhng vt ti tn:ngi qun p p,chng gy,chiu rch,n cm, bt stnhng con ngi ,nhng vt,cnh vt to nn gng mt m u,m m,bun thiu ca ph huyn.=->Cm nhn TG ca 2 a tr,c bit l Lin l mt th gii nh li dn v tt dn.B.CNH M V:+Tm trng bun thm tha ca Lin khi ph huyn lc m v,tt c u chm trong bng ti,cuc sng lp li n bun t,qun quanh,b tc.+Thch Lam s dng th php ngh thut i lp miu t bng ti v nh sng. Nu nh bng ti nut chng tt c ph huyn vo trong ci d dy ti thui ca n th nh sng xut hin vi tn s thp. ch l ht sng, khe nh sng, m sng, vt sngHay hnh nh ngn n ni hng nc ch T c nhc i nhc li nhiu ln va mang ngha thc cho ta thy cnh sinh hot ca ph huyn ng thi va gi lien tng mang ngha biu tng,nh sng ngn n du t m,leo lt,lay ng gi ta lien tng cc kip ngi nh b cng sng leo lt,lay lt trong m di trong x hi c.Mi c dn ni ph huyn khi m v kim sng trong mu mang theo ngn n.V chng,ci s phn kip ngi y cng ging nh ngn n m h mang trn tay,n cng t m leo lt nh th.Tt c u hin ln tht b nh ti nghip mt i ri li hin ra trong m ti. V cng vi nh sng nh nhoi, yu t l nhng phn ngi vi cuc sng bp bnh, tri ni v li tn, le li nh ngn n trc gi. Lin thng ht thy nhng con ngi ni ph huyn nh b ny. chnh l ch T vi cuc i c cc m cua bt c, ti n cng ghnh hng ngho x xc ch vi bt nc ch, iu thuc lo, thanh ko lc tt c gia ti mu sinh bn ngn n con ch chiu sng mt vng t nh. Lin thng bc ph Siu vi ghnh ph xa x, m nhng m no cng thy bc dn hng. Thng bc xm vi manh chiu rch t ti cng chic thau trng trng trn cha mt nim hi vng, thng lm nhng ting n bc gp chuyn bt trong yn lng. Thng b c Thi in n chic vi ting ci chm vo bng ti Cuc sng ph huyn l nh vy. n iu, t nht. m no cng nh m no, c lp i lp li:Quanh qun mi vi vi ba dng iuTi hay lui vn chng y mt ngiV qu thn nn qu i bun ciMi nhc li ch c ngn y chuyn.iu g c th lm ch em Lin qun i c thc ti ny ? May ra ch c v tr l c hi cui cng ru hai ch em vo nhng min c tch. Cnh hai ch em ngng mt ln tri tm con vt theo sau ng thn nng cho thy: tm hn hai a tr tht hn nhin, v t trong sng v rt i tr con. Nhng bun thay, bu tri y sao trn kia cng khng th no cu vt c hai sinh linh b nh, ti nghip y. Bi v tr bao la v thm thm nh cha y b mt v xa l vi hai a tr. ri cui cng chnh chng li quay v vi quang cnh ph chung quanh m c bit l ngn n con ca ch T. V c th trong m ti nhng con ngi ti nghip ngi ch i mt iu g cho s sng ngho kh hng ngy ca h.C.Cnh chuyn tu m qua ph huyn v ngha ca on tu(nim vui ca Lin khi i tu v ni bun khi on tu i qua)+V on tu t H Ni v thc s l c m v kht vng ca ngi dn ph huyn. H thc i chuyn tu v mu sinh hay v l do no khc na. Tt c thao thc, i ch nh th i ch mt php mu s n. H mong bn c cht hng g gc cho cuc sng ngy mai. Cn ring hai a tr, chng khng thc i chuyn tu bn hng m v l do khc. Chng mun c nhn thy on tu qua ph huyn v on tu nh mang mt th gii khc i qua lm cho chng ro rc v nh ln nim vui sng d ch l trong chc lt. V th m no cng vy d bun ng ru c mt nhng c hai ch em vn c thc i chuyn tu. iu cho thy on tu l mt hnh nh tr thnh quen thuc v n su trong tm hn hai a tr v ch tu tr thnh mt kht vng mnh lit v l mt mn n tinh thn khng th thiu trong cuc sng ca chng.+S mong mi ca ch em Lin vi on tu qu tht lm ngi c xc ng mnh lit. Mi by, tm tui m m bt trng coi ca hng tp ha l vic lm qu sc li cn bt thc cho ti khuya ch bn hng th qu l ti nghip. Nhng Lin v An thc ti khi on tu i qua ph huyn khng phi l nghe li m m l chng ang hnh ng theo ting gi ca con tu. Tu n ch nh thc em dy nh!. l cu ni ca An khi m mt sp xung trong cn bun ng ri m vn cn dn vi ch. Cu ni bnh thng th m sao mi nghe qua thy xt thng. N cha ng trong l tt c nim kht khao v hi vng c nhn thy on tu hot ng cui cng ca m khuya. An i vo gic ng, Lin ngi im lng, u c ch bng dng cng yn tnh l thng. Yn lng n ni c th nghe c hoa bng rng xung vai Lin tng t mt, c nhng cm gic m h khng hiu. Dng nh nh vn mun cho nhn vt ca mnh c ngh ngi sau mt ngy di mi mt. Th ri thong trong ting gi xa xi l ting on tu vt n. Ri ting reo thng tht, mng r ca bc Siu n ghi ra kia ri!. Lin cng trng thy ngn la xanh bic, st mt t, nh ma tri. Ri ting ci xe la u vang li, trong m khuya ko di ra theo gi xa xi. l lc m Lin vi v nh thc em dy i An, tu n ri!. Li gic d gp rt, hi thc nh th nu An khng dy th s khng bao gi cn c nhn thy on tu na. Thch Lam khng dng t ng no miu t s ho hc ca hai ch em m ci ho hc y vn c hin ln tht sng ng v giu cht nhn vn.+Hai ch em ng ch on tu t ng xa. Chng c dp chim ngng ci k lm chng i ch y bng cch ng gn hn na. V ri tu rm r i ti. Lin dt em ng dy nhn on xe vt qua. y l pht giy hnh phc nht l lc m Lin v An dng nh qun ht thy nhng ni bun hin ti, qun c nhng i ngho lam l, ch ang bao vy cuc i h. Trong lng h gi y ch c on tu. on tu mang th nh sng mnh m, khc thng ngang qua ph huyn cc toa n sng trng, chiu nh c xung ng nhng toa hng trn sang trng l nh nhng ngi, ng v kn lp lnh, v cc ca knh sng. l nh sng ca s sang trng, vn minh, th nh sng khc xa vi nhng nh sng yu t, nh b ni ph huyn. on tu ging nh mt tia chp, mt ngi sao bng rch ngang qua bu tri ph huyn ri mt ht vo m ti nhng ci nh sng ca n l c m v kht vng ca bit bao nhiu s phn con ngi b nh ang mong ngng. on tu mang mt th gii khc i qua, chnh l kht vng mun c i i ca h. H gi theo chuyn tu c tm hn ca mnh, h mun c n vi nhng chn tri mi, ni c nh sng ca vn minh ca no . Ni s khng cn cnh i ngho lam l, khng c cnh n iu v bun t m m p nim vui. H xng ng c nhn mt cuc sng nh th, ti sao khng? Nhng c m ch l c m. Tt c li quay v vi qung sng thn mt xung quanh ngn n con ch T. Chm ht cho mt m i ch trong kht vng v kt thc bng ni bun rng rng nc mt.+Lin v An ng lng ngi trong bng ti d chuyn tu i vo m ti, li nhng m than bay tung trn ng st. Hai ch em cn nhn theo ci chm ca chic n xanh trn toa sau cng, xa xa mi ri khut sau rng tre. S nui tic ca h dng nh phi by tt c mt cuc sng ngho nn, b tc. Nht l khi h t nhn thc rng Tu m nay khng ng v dng nh km sng hn . Ngha l on tu cng ch xoa du mt cht ni au trong tm hn hai a tr ch khng th no ph v bc tng thnh mang tn ni bun ca chng. V Lin lng ngi i trong suy tng, ng sau nh sng ca on tu v ting ng c gm vang l mt th gii rt ring t. chnh l ni nh v H Ni ni c nh sng ca nhng ngn n, ni vui v v huyn no. Ni l vng sng trong tm tng v cng l vng sng trong k c tui th. Ni m ngy xa ch em Lin c i chi b H, c ung nhng cc nc lnh xanh . K c ti p th nhng gi h li b cm t gia bit bao nhiu l bun b. Chnh on tu mang li cho Lin liu thuc an thn v khi dy trong tim thc bit bao iu ti p. Cuc sng y thc s khc xa vi cuc sng ni ny nhiu lm nhng bit lm sao c khi k c khng th tr v. Mt qu kh huy hong. Mt hin ti mong manh. Mt tng lai m mt. ng bun thay!Cui cng Lin cng i vo gic ng, mt gic ng chp chn hnh nh ngn n con ca ch T . Mt gic ng tch mch v y bng ti. chnh l mt s m nh v cuc sng b tc, t ng khng li thot m bit n bao gi ch em Lin mi c th i thay NGHA CA VIC I TU:Trong tp

Ga tr hin thc v gi tr nhn o ca tc phm:trong tpKB:

+Vi li vit nh nhng, mi truyn ta nh mt bi th tr tnh y xt thng, Thch Lam mang n cho ngi c s ng cm su sc v nhng thn phn cuc i trong x hi c. Qua nhn vt Lin nh vn lm tot ln nhng gi tr nhn vn cao p, gip chng ta thu hiu ni bun au ca dn tc trong th k bo tn di ch h ca bn thc dn v quc. Trang vn khp li ri m ta cn thy trc mt mnh hnh nh hai a tr ngi y gia ph huyn nh ngho tm ti ang i ch chuyn tu i qua trong kht vng mi mn.

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84 cu trc cu thng dng trong ting anh1. S + V + too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to do something: (qu.... cho ai lm g...)e.g. This structure is too easy for you to remember.e.g. He ran too fast for me to follow.2. S + V + so + adj/ adv + that + S + V: (qu... n ni m...)e.g. This box is so heavy that I cannot take it.e.g. He speaks so soft that we cant hear anything.3. It + V + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S + V: (qu... n ni m...)e.g. It is such a heavy box that I cannot take it.e.g. It is such interesting books that I cannot ignore them at all.4. S + V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to do something : (... cho ai lm g...)e.g. She is old enough to get married.e.g. They are intelligent enough for me to teach them English.5. Have/ get + something + done (past participle): (nh ai hoc thu ai lm g...)e.g. I had my hair cut yesterday.e.g. Id like to have my shoes repaired.6. It + be + time + S + V (-ed, ct 2) / Its +time +for someone +to do something : ( n lc ai phi lm g...)e.g. It is time you had a shower.e.g. Its time for me to ask all of you for this question.7. It + takes/took+ someone + amount of time + to do something: (lm g... mt bao nhiu thi gian...hoc tieng anh) e.g. It takes me 5 minutes to get to school.e.g. It took him 10 minutes to do this exercise yesterday.8. To prevent/stop + someone/something + From + V-ing: (ngn cn ai/ ci g... lm g..)e.g. He prevented us from parking our car here.9. S + find+ it+ adj to do something: (thy ... lm g...)e.g. I find it very difficult to learn about English.e.g. They found it easy to overcome that problem.10. To prefer + Noun/ V-ing + to + N/ V-ing. (Thch ci g/ lm g hn ci g/ lm g)e.g. I prefer dog to cat.e.g. I prefer reading books to watching TV.11. Would rather ('d rather) + V (infinitive) + than + V (infinitive: (thch lm g hn lm g) e.g. She would play games than read books.e.g. Id rather learn English than learn Biology.12. To be/get Used to + V-ing: (quen lm g) e.g. I am used to eating with chopsticks.13. Used to + V (infinitive): (Thng lm g trong qu kh v by gi khng lm na)e.g. I used to go fishing with my friend when I was young.e.g. She used to smoke 10 cigarettes a day.

14. To be amazed at = to be surprised at + N/V-ing: ngc nhin v....e.g. I was amazed at his big beautiful villa.

15. To be angry at + N/V-ing: tc gin ve.g. Her mother was very angry at her bad marks.

16. to be good at/ bad at + N/ V-ing: gii v.../ km v...e.g. I am good at swimming.e.g. He is very bad at English.

17. by chance = by accident (adv): tnh ce.g. I met her in Paris by chance last week.

18. to be/get tired of + N/V-ing: mt mi v...e.g. My mother was tired of doing too much housework everyday.

19. cant stand/ help/ bear/ resist + V-ing: Khng chu ni/khng nhn c lm g...e.g. She can't stand laughing at her little dog.

20. to be keen on/ to be fond of + N/V-ing : thch lm g ...e.g. My younger sister is fond of playing with her dolls.

21. to be interested in + N/V-ing: quan tm n...e.g. Mrs Brown is interested in going shopping on Sundays.22. to waste + time/ money + V-ing: tn tin hoc thi gian lm ge.g. He always wastes time playing computer games each day.e.g. Sometimes, I waste a lot of money buying clothes.

23. To spend + amount of time/ money + V-ing: dnh bao nhiu thi gian lm g..e.g. I spend 2 hours reading books a day.e.g. Mr Jim spent a lot of money traveling around the world last year.

24. To spend + amount of time/ money + on + something: dnh thi gian vo vic g...e.g. My mother often spends 2 hours on housework everyday.e.g. She spent all of her money on clothes.

25. to give up + V-ing/ N: t b lm g/ ci g...e.g. You should give up smoking as soon as possible.

26. would like/ want/wish + to do something: thch lm g...e.g. I would like to go to the cinema with you tonight.

27. have + (something) to + Verb: c ci g lme.g. I have many things to do this week.

28. It + be + something/ someone + that/ who: chnh...m...e.g. It is Tom who got the best marks in my class.e.g. It is the villa that he had to spend a lot of money last year.

29. Had better + V(infinitive): nn lm g....e.g. You had better go to see the doctor.

30. hate/ like/ dislike/ enjoy/ avoid/ finish/ mind/ postpone/ practise/ consider/ delay/ deny/ suggest/ risk/ keep/ imagine/ fancy + V-inge.g. I always practise speaking English everyday.

31. It is + tnh t + ( for smb ) + to do smtVD: It is difficult for old people to learn English.( Ngi c tuihc ting Anhth kh )

32. To be interested in + N / V_ing ( Thch ci g / lm ci g )VD: We are interested in reading books on history.( Chng ti thch c sch v lch s )

33. To be bored with ( Chn lm ci g )VD: We are bored with doing the same things everyday.( Chng ti chn ngy no cng lm nhng cng vic lp i lp li )-hc ting anh giao tip

34. Its the first time smb have ( has ) + PII smt ( y l ln u tin ai lm ci g )VD: Its the first time we have visited this place.( y l ln u tin chng ti ti thm ni ny )

35. enough + danh t ( ci g ) + ( to do smt )VD: I dont have enough time to study.( Ti khng c thi gian hc )

36. Tnh t + enough ( lm sao ) + ( to do smt )VD: Im not rich enough to buy a car.( Ti khng giu mua t )

37. too + tnh t + to do smt ( Qu lm sao lm ci g )VD: Im to young to get married.( Ti cn qu tr kt hn )

38. To want smb to do smt = To want to have smt + PII( Mun ai lm g ) ( Mun c ci g c lm )VD: She wants someone to make her a dress.( C y mun ai may cho c y mt chic vy )= She wants to have a dress made.( C y mun c mt chic vy c may )

39. Its time smb did smt ( n lc ai phi lm g )VD: Its time we went home.( n lc ti phi v nh )

40. Its not necessary for smb to do smt = Smb dont need to do smt( Ai khng cn thit phi lm g ) doesnt have to do smtVD: It is not necessary for you to do this exercise.( Bn khng cn phi lm bi tp ny )

41. To look forward to V_ing ( Mong ch, mong i lm g )VD: We are looking forward to going on holiday.( Chng ti ang mong c i ngh )

42. To provide smb from V_ing ( Cung cp cho ai ci g )VD: Can you provide us with some books in history?( Bn c th cung cp cho chng ti mt s sch v lch s khng?)

43. To prevent smb from V_ing (Cn tr ai lm g )To stopVD: The rain stopped us from going for a walk.( Cn ma ngn cn chng ti i do )

44. To fail to do smt (Khng lm c ci g / Tht bi trong vic lm ci g)VD: We failed to do this exercise.(Chng ti khng th lm bi tp ny )

45. To be succeed in V_ing (Thnh cng trong vic lm ci g)VD: We were succeed in passing the exam.(Chng ti thi )

46. To borrow smt from smb (Mn ci g ca ai)VD: She borrowed this book from the liblary.( C y mn cun sch ny th vin )

47. To lend smb smt (Cho ai mn ci g)VD: Can you lend me some money?( Bn c th cho ti vay t tin khng? )

48. To make smb do smt (Bt ai lm g)VD: The teacher made us do a lot of homework.( Gio vin bt chng ti lm rt nhiu bi tp nh )

49. CN + be + so + tnh t + that + S + ng t.( n mc m )CN + ng t + so + trng t 1. The exercise is so difficult that noone can do it.( Bi tp kh n mc khng ai lm c )2. He spoke so quickly that I couldnt understand him.( Anh ta ni nhanh n mc m ti khng th hiu c anh ta )

50. CN + be + such + ( tnh t ) + danh t + that + CN + ng t.VD: It is such a difficult exercise that noone can do it.( l mt bi tp qu kh n ni khng ai c th lm c )

51. It is ( very ) kind of smb to do smt ( Ai tht tt bng / t t khi lm g) VD: It is very kind of you to help me.( Bn tht tt v gip ti )52. To find it + tnh t + to do smtVD: We find it difficult to learn English. ( Chng ti thyhc ting Anhkh )53. To make sure of smt ( Bo m iu g )that + CN + ng tVD: 1. I have to make sure of that information.( Ti phi bo m chc chn v thng tin )2. You have to make sure that youll pass the exam.( Bn phi bo m l bn s thi )54. It takes ( smb ) + thi gian + to do smt ( Mt ( ca ai ) bao nhiu thi gian lm g)VD: It took me an hour to do this exercise.( Ti mt mt ting lm bi ny )55. To spend + time / money + on smt ( Dnh thi gian / tin bc vo ci gdoing smt lm g )VD: We spend a lot of time on TV.watching TV.( Chng ti dnh nhiu thi gian xem TV )56. To have no idea of smt = dont know about smt ( Khng bit v ci g )VD: I have no idea of this word = I dont know this word.( TI khng bit t ny )57. To advise smb to do smt ( Khuyn ai lm gnot to do smt khng lm g )VD: Our teacher advises us to study hard.( C gio khuyn chng ti hc chm ch )58. To plan to do smt ( D nh / c k hoch lm g )intendVD: We planed to go for a picnic.intended( Chng ti d nh i d ngoi )59. To invite smb to do smt ( Mi ai lm g )VD: They invited me to go to the cinema.( H mi ti i xem phim )60. To offer smb smt ( Mi / ngh ai ci g )VD: He offered me a job in his company.( Anh ta mi ti lm vic cho cng ty anh ta )61. To rely on smb ( tin cy, da dm vo ai )VD: You can rely on him.( Bn c th tin anh y )62. To keep promise ( G li ha )VD: He always keeps promises.63. To be able to do smt = To be capable of + V_ing ( C kh nng lm g )VD: Im able to speak English = I am capable of speaking English.( Ti c th ni ting Anh )64. To be good at ( + V_ing ) smt ( Gii ( lm ) ci g )VD: Im good at ( playing ) tennis.( Ti chi qun vt gii )65. To prefer smt to smt ( Thch ci g hn ci g )doing smt to doing smt lm g hn lm gVD: We prefer spending money than earning money.( Chng ti thch tiu tin hn kim tin )66. To apologize for doing smt ( Xin li ai v lm g )VD: I want to apologize for being rude to you. ( Ti mun xin li v bt lch s vi bn )67. Had ( d ) better do smt ( Nn lm g )not do smt ( Khng nn lm g )VD: 1. Youd better learn hard.( Bn nn hc chm ch )2. Youd better not go out.( Bn khng nn i ra ngoi ) - Danh sch cctrung tm ting anhuy tn68. Would ( d ) rather do smt Th lm gnot do smt ng lm gVD: Id rather stay at home.Id rather not say at home.69. Would ( d ) rather smb did smt ( Mun ai lm g )VD: Id rather you ( he / she ) stayed at home today.( Ti mun bn / anh y / c y nh ti nay )70. To suggest smb ( should ) do smt ( Gi ai lm g )VD: I suggested she ( should ) buy this house.71. To suggest doing smt ( Gi lm g )VD: I suggested going for a walk.72. Try to do ( C lm g )VD: We tried to learn hard.( Chng ti c hc chm ch )73. Try doing smt ( Th lm g )VD: We tried cooking this food.( Chng ti th nu mn n ny )74. To need to do smt ( Cn lm g )VD: You need to work harder.( Bn cn lm vic tch cc hn )75. To need doing ( Cn c lm )VD: This car needs repairing.( Chic t ny cn c sa )76. To remember doing ( Nh lm g )VD: I remember seeing this film.( Ti nh l xem b phim ny )77. To remember to do ( Nh lm g ) ( cha lm ci ny )VD: Remember to do your homework.( Hy nh lm bi tp v nh )78. To have smt + PII ( C ci g c lm )VD: Im going to have my house repainted.( Ti s sn li nh ngi khc sn, khng phi mnh sn ly )= To have smb do smt ( Thu ai lm g )VD: Im going to have the garage repair my car.= Im going to have my car repaired.79. To be busy doing smt ( Bn rn lm g )VD: We are busy preparing for our exam.( Chng ti ang bn rn chun b cho k thi )80. To mind doing smt ( Phin lm g )VD: Do / Would you mind closing the door for me?( Bn c th ng ca gip ti khng? )81. To be used to doing smt ( Quen vi vic lm g )VD: We are used to getting up early.( Chng ti quen dy sm )82. To stop to do smt ( Dng li lm g )VD: We stopped to buy some petrol.( Chng ti dng li mua xng )83. To stop doing smt ( Thi khng lm g na )VD: We stopped going out late.( Chng ti thi khng i chi khuya na )84. Let smb do smt ( ai lm g )VD: Let him come in.( anh ta vo )

Tt c cc dng vit li cu

1. S + be + adj + prep = S + V + adv2. S + V + adv = S + V + with + N3. S + remember + to do Sth = S + dont forget + to do Sth4. S + be + adj = What + a + adj + N!5. S + V + adv = How + adj + S + be6. S + V + adv = How + adv + S + V!7. S + be + ing-adj = S + be +ed-adj8. S + V = S + be + ed-adj9. S + V + Khong thi gian = It + take + (sb) + Khong thi gian + to + V10. S + be + too + adj + to + V = S + be + so + adj + that + S + cant + V11. S + V + too + adv + to + V = S + V + so + adv + that + S + cant + V12. S + be + so + adj + that + S + V = S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V13. S + be + too + adj + to + V = S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V14. S + V + so + adv + that + S + V = S + do/does/did + not + V + adv + enough + to + V15. Because +clause= Because of + noun/gerund16. Although + clause = In spite of + Nound/gerund17. Although + clause = Despite + Nound/gerund18. S + V + N = S + be + adj19. S + be + adj = S + V + O20. S + be accustomed to + Ving = S + be used to +Ving /N21. S + often + V = S + be used to +Ving /N22. This is the first time + S + have + PII = S+be + not used to + Ving/N23. S + would prefer = S + would rather S +Past subjunctive(li cu khn)24. S + like better than = S + would than 25. S + prefer = S + would rather + V26. S + V + O = S + find + it (unreal objective) + adj + to + V27. Its ones duty to do sth = S + be + supposed to do sth28. S + be + PII + to + V = S + be + supposed to do sth29. Imperative verb (mnh lnh)= S + should (not) + be + PII30. Imperative verb (mnh lnh)= S + should (not) + do sth2. 1.It takes sb khong thi gian to do sth= sb spend khong thi gian doing sthVD: it took her 3 hours to get to the city centre.= she spent 3 hours getting to the city centre.2. Understand = tobe aware ofVD: do you understand the grammar structure?= are you aware of the grammar structure?3. Like = tobe interested in = enjoy = keen onVD: she likes politics = she is interested in politics4.Because + clause = because of + NVD: he cant move because his leg was broken= he cant move because of his broken legMt s dng bi c bn5. Although + clause = despite + N = in spite of + NVD: although she is old, she can compute very fast= Despite / In spite of her old age, she can compute very fast6.Succeed in doing sth = manage to do sthVD: we succeeded in digging the Panama cannel= we managed to dig the Panama cannelCc mu cu thng gp7. Cu trc : ..too + adj (for sb) to do sth : qu lm gVD: my father is too old to driveso + adj + that Clause = it is such a/ an N that: qu n ni mVD: she is so beautiful that everybody loves her.= it is such a beautiful girl that everybody loves her.Adj/ Adv + enough (for sb) to do sth: lm gVD: This car is enough safe for him to driveVD: The policeman ran quickly enough to catch the robberMt s dng bi c bn8.Cu trc : prefer sb to do sth = would rather sb Vpast sth: thch, mun ai lm gVD: Iprefer you (not) to smoke hereId rather you (not) smoked here9.Prefer doing sth to doing sth : thch lm g hn lm gWould rather do sth than do sthVD: She prefers staying at home to going outShed rather stay at home than go out10. Can = tobe able to = tobe possibleVD: he cant walk on his footHe isnt able to walk on his footHe is unable to walk on his footHe is impossible to walk on his foot11. Harly + had +S + Vpp when S + Vpast: ngay sau khi ..thiNo sooner + had +S + Vpp than S + VpastVD: As soon as I left the house, he appearedHarly had I left the house when he appearedNo sooner had I left the house than he appeared12.Not..any more : khng cn naNo longer + dng o ngS no more VVD: I dont live in the courtryside anymoreNo longer do I live in the coutrysideI no more live in the coutryside13. At no time + dng o ng : khng khi no, chng khi noVD: I dont think she loves meAt no time do I think she loves me14. Tobe not worth = there is no point in doing sth : khng ng lm gCc dng thng gp14. Tobe not worth doing sth = there is no point in doing sth : khng ng, v ch lm gVD:Its not worth making him get up earlyThere is no point in making him getting early15. It seems that = it appears that = it is likely that =it look as if/ as though: dng nhrngVD: It seems that he will come late= it appears that / it is likely he will come late= he is likely to come late.= it look as if he will come lateCc dng cu thng gp16. Notuntil ..: khng cho ti khi> Not until . Dng o ng : khng cho ti khi> Only when..dng o ng : ch khiVD: He doesnt believe the truth until he opens the letterNot until he opens the letter does he believe the truthOnly when he opens the letter does he believe the truth17. Need to V = tobe necessary (for sb) to VVD: you dont need to send her messageIts not necessary for you to send her message3. 4. 1.At no time / never + Vaux (Tr t) + S + V : Khng bao giThe result of the match was never in doubt=> At no time/never was the result of the match in doubt

2.On no account + Vaux + S V : Khng v bt c l do noU Should never be late for the exam=> On no account should U be late for the Exam.3. In/Under no circumstances + Vaux + S V : D trong bt k tnh hung/hon cnh noI'll never betray my own country=> In/Under no circumstances will I betray my own country4.Only by Doing + Vaux + S V :Ch bng cch lm gWe must take a taxi or will be late=> Only by taking a taxi will we get there on time.5. Only After + N + Vaux + S V : Ch sau khi lm gU Will be able to get a job only after U have Graduated=> Only after Your Graduation will U be able to get a Job6.Only When + S V, Vaux + S V : Ch khi lm gI didn't know she had been well-known until her friends told me.=> Only when her friends told me did I know she had been well-known.7.Only With + N + Vaux+ S V : Ch vi ci gHe couldn't have bought the car if the bank hadn't lent him the money.=> Only with the bank's loan could he buy the car.8.Not until S V , Vaux + S V : Cho n khiThey couldn't go on working until the rain stopped=>Not until the rain stopped could they go on working

9. Not until + N + Vaux+ S V : Mi n khiMan didn't fly into space until the early 1960s=> Not until the early 1960s i man fly into space.10.Seldom/Hardly/Scarcely/Barely + Vaux + S V : him khi mShe seldom misses a lecture=> Seldom does she miss a lecture11.So adj/adv + Vaux + S V That S V : n ni mAlmost of everyone in the party starred at a beautiful girl.=> So beautiful does a girl that almost of everyone in the party starred at.

12. Adv of Place + V + S : o ng nhn mnh a imThe books lay on the table=> On the table lay the books13.No sooner had + S done - than S did : Va mi...th ...Nosooner had we come home than it rained14. Hardly had + S Done when S did :Hardly had we come home when it rained

nhng cu trc ting anh thng dng y: S + V+ too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to do something(qu.... cho ai lm g...)e.g.1 This structure is too easy for you to remember.e.g.2: He ran too fast for me to follow. S + V + so + adj/ adv + that +S + V (qu... n ni m...)e.g.1: This box is so heavy that I cannot take it.e.g2: He speaks so soft that we cant hear anything. It + V + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S +V(qu... n ni m...)e.g.1: It is such a heavy box that I cannot take it.e.g.2: It is such interesting books that I cannot ignore them at all. S + V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to do something. (... cho ai lm g...)e.g.1: She is old enough to get married.e.g.2: They are intelligent enough for me to teach them English. Have/ get + something + done (VpII)(nh ai hoc thu ai lm g...)e.g.1: I had my hair cut yesterday.e.g.2: Id like to have my shoes repaired. It + be + time + S + V (-ed, ct 2) / Its +time +for someone +to do something( n lc ai phi lm g...)e.g.1: It is time you had a shower.e.g.2: Its time for me to ask all of you for this question. It + takes/took+ someone + amount of time + to do something(lm g... mt bao nhiu thigian...)e.g.1: It takes me 5 minutes to get to school.e.g.2: It took him 10 minutes to do this exercise yesterday. To prevent/stop + someone/something + From + V-ing(ngn cn ai/ci g... khng lm g..)e.g.1: I cant prevent him from smokinge.g.2: I cant stop her from tearing S + find+ it+ adj to do something(thy ... lm g...)e.g.1: I find it very difficult to learn about English.e.g.2: They found it easy to overcome that problem. To prefer + Noun/ V-ing + to + N/ V-ing.(Thch ci g/lm g hn ci g/ lm g)e.g.1: I prefer dog to cat.e.g.2: I prefer reading books to watching TV. Would rather + V* (infinitive) + than + V (infinitive)(thch lm g hn lm g)e.g.1: She would rather play games than read books.e.g.2: Id rather learn English than learn Biology. To be/get Used to + V-ing(quen lm g)e.g.1: I am used to eating with chopsticks. Used to + V (infinitive)(Thng lm g trong qk v by gi khng lm na)e.g.1: I used to go fishing with my friend when I was young.e.g.2: She used to smoke 10 cigarettes a day. to be amazed at = to be surprised at + N/V-ing( ngc nhin v....) to be angry at + N/V-ing(tc gin v) to be good at/ bad at + N/ V-ing(gii v.../ km v...) by chance = by accident (adv)(tnh c) to be/get tired of + N/V-ing(mt mi v...) cant stand/ help/ bear/ resist + V-ing(khng nhn c lm g...) to be keen on/ to be fond of + N/V-ing(thch lm g ...) to be interested in + N/V-ing(quan tm n...) to waste + time/ money + V-ing(tn tin hoc tg lm g) To spend + amount of time/ money + V-ing(dnh bao nhiu thi gian lm g) To spend + amount of time/ money + on + something(dnh thi gian vo vic g...)e.g.1: I spend 2 hours reading books a day.e.g.2: She spent all of her money on clothes. to give up + V-ing/ N(t b lm g/ ci g...) would like/ want/wish + to do something(thch lm g...) have + (something) to + Verb(c ci g lm) It + be + something/ someone + that/ who(chnh...m...) Had better + V(infinitive)(nn lm g....) hate/ like/ dislike/ enjoy/ avoid/ finish/ mind/ postpone/ practise/ consider/ delay/ deny/ suggest/ risk/ keep/ imagine/ fancy + V-ing,e.g.1: I always practise speaking English everyday. Its + adj + to + V-infinitive(qu g .. lm g) Take place = happen = occur(xy ra) to be excited about(thch th) to be bored with/ fed up with(chn ci g/lm g) There is + N-s t, there are + N-s nhiu(c ci g...) feel like + V-ing(cm thy thch lm g...) expect someone to do something(mong i ai lm g...) advise someone to do something(khuyn ai lm g...) go + V-ing(ch cc tr tiu khin..)(go camping...) leave someone alone( ai yn...) By + V-ing(bng cch lm...) want/ plan/ agree/ wish/ attempt/ decide/ demand/ expect/ mean/ offer/ prepare/ happen/ hesitate/ hope/ afford/ intend/ manage/ try/ learn/ pretend/ promise/ seem/ refuse + TO + V-infinitivee.g.1: I decide to study English. for a long time = for years = for ages( nhiu nm ri)(dng trong th hin ti hon thnh) when + S + V(Qk), S + was/were + V-ing. When + S + V(qkd), S + had + Pii Before + S + V(qkd), S + had + Pii After + S + had +Pii, S + V(qkd) to be crowded with(rt ng ci g ...) to be full of(y ci g ...) To be/ seem/ sound/ became/ feel/ appear/ look/ go/ turn/ grow + adj(y l cc ng t tri gic c ngha l: c v nh/ l/ dng nh/ tr nn... sau chng nu c adj v adv th chng ta phi chn adj) except for/ apart from(ngoi, tr...) as soon as(ngay sau khi) to be afraid of(s ci g..) could hardly(hu nh khng)( ch : hard khc hardly) Have difficulty + V-ing(gp kh khn lm g...) Ch phn bit 2 loi tnh t V-ed v V-ing: dng -ed miu t v ngi, -ing cho vt. v khi mun ni v bn cht ca c ngi v vt ta dng inge.g.1: That film is boring.e.g.2: He is bored.e.g.3: He is an interesting man.e.g.4: That book is an interesting one. (khi khng nn nhm vi ed, chng hn ta ni : a loved man c ngha ngi n ng c mn m, tc l c ngha B v c ) in which = where; on/at which = when Put + up + with + V-ing(chu ng...) Make use of + N/ V-ing(tn dng ci g ...) Get + adj/ Pii Make progress(tin b...) take over + N(m nhim ci g...) Bring about(mang li) Ch : so + adj cn such + N At the end of v In the end(cui ci g v kt cc) To find out(tm ra),To succeed in(thnh cng trong...) Go for a walk(i do)/ go on holiday/picnic(i ngh) One of + so snh hn nht + N(mt trong nhng...) It is the first/ second.../best + Time + th hin ti hon thnh Live in(sng )/ Live at + a ch c th/ Live on (sng nh vo...) To be fined for(b pht v) from behind(t pha sau...) so that + mnh (....) In case + mnh (trong trng hp...) can/ could/ may might/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ must/ ought to... (modal Verbs) + V-infinitiveBI TP P DNG

1.My kitchen is smaller than yours.Your kitchen2. They will change the date of the meeting again.The date3. The children liked to walk in the rain.The children enjoyed4.My grandmother is very old. She cant work now.My grandmother is too5.The quention was so difficult that no one could answer it.It was such6.They will hold an international conference in Hanoi next month.An international conference7.He thinks learning English is easy.He thinks it is8.Who does this bicycle belong to?Whose 9. Hung is taller than BaBa10.They have just stolen his car.His car 11.The car is too exspensive for him to buy.He hasnt 12.We learned this lesson after a long timeIt took 13.It was such a boring film that we left before the end.

The film was 14.I would like you to help me to put the chairs away.Would you mind15.They will have to earn money by myselfMoney16.Someone repaired his car yesterday.He had17. The water was so cold that the children could not drink it.The water was not18.He never has enough moneyHe is always 19. He is going repair the car for us next weekWe are going20.Peter is too young to see the horror film.Peter is not21.John could not find the right house.John was 22.Richard smoked cigarettes when he was a young man.Richard used23.Unless he phones his wife immediately, he wont get any informationIf24.He remembered, so did she.He didnt25. I remember them taking me to a well-known theatre in the city.I remember26.Try go to bed earlier the doctor said to Mrs WhiteThe doctor suggested 27.It is a three month courseThe course28.Im always nervous when I travel by airplaneTravelling 29.Although he had a good salary. He was unhappy with his job.In spite 30.That restautant is so dirty that no one wants to eat there.It is such31. After fighting the fire for 12 hours, the firemen succeed in putting it out.The firemen managed 32.Its not a habit of mine to sleep in the afternoon.I am33.He sis not say a word when he left the room.He left34.Reading scientific books is one of my interestsI am35.He is on the fifteenth page of the report hes typingSo far36.As soon as I left the house, the phone rang in my bedroomHardly37.I prefer Vietnamese food to english food.Id38.Maila was angry because his sister had broken his cassette player.Maila was angry with39.He would prefer you to pay him immediately.Hed rather40.She cant have any more children because of her age.She is too41.Did you sleep well last night?Did you have a 42.I spent an hour doing this exercise.It took