pgp29370 spss assignment

Assignment on SPSS (MM II) Debsoumo Das (PGP29370), Section-G

Answer 1)

a) Frequency distribution for the different variables

AWARENESSFrequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid

1 5 11.1 11.4 11.4

2 5 11.1 11.4 22.7

3 6 13.3 13.6 36.4

4 7 15.6 15.9 52.3

5 7 15.6 15.9 68.2

6 10 22.2 22.7 90.9

7 4 8.9 9.1 100.0

Total 44 97.8 100.0Missing 9 1 2.2Total 45 100.0

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Awareness Loyalty Attitude Preference Intention

NValid 44 44 44 44

Missing 1 1 1 1Mean 4.18 3.95 4.07 4.23 4.05Median 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00Mode 6 5 3 4 3Std. Deviation 1.883 1.684 1.910 1.538 1.711Variance 3.548 2.835 3.646 2.366 2.928

Range 6 6 6 6 6


LOYALTYFrequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid

1 2 4.4 4.5 4.5

2 10 22.2 22.7 27.3

3 7 15.6 15.9 43.2

4 5 11.1 11.4 54.5

5 11 24.4 25.0 79.5

6 7 15.6 15.9 95.5

7 2 4.4 4.5 100.0


ATTITUDEFrequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid

1 5 11.1 11.4 11.4

2 4 8.9 9.1 20.5

3 10 22.2 22.7 43.2

4 8 17.8 18.2 61.4

5 4 8.9 9.1 70.5

6 7 15.6 15.9 86.4

7 6 13.3 13.6 100.0


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PREFERENCEFrequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid

1 1 2.2 2.3 2.3

2 5 11.1 11.4 13.6

3 8 17.8 18.2 31.8

4 13 28.9 29.5 61.4

5 7 15.6 15.9 77.3

6 6 13.3 13.6 90.9

7 4 8.9 9.1 100.0


INTENTIONFrequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid

1 4 8.9 9.1 9.1

2 3 6.7 6.8 15.9

3 11 24.4 25.0 40.9

4 9 20.0 20.5 61.4

5 7 15.6 15.9 77.3

6 6 13.3 13.6 90.9

7 4 8.9 9.1 100.0


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CALCULATION OF RELEVANT STATISTIC: MEAN, STD. DEVIATION

Case Processing Summary

Cases

Included Excluded Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

Awareness 44 97.8% 1 2.2% 45 100.0%Attitude 44 97.8% 1 2.2% 45 100.0%Preference 44 97.8% 1 2.2% 45 100.0%Intention 44 97.8% 1 2.2% 45 100.0%Loyalty 44 97.8% 1 2.2% 45 100.0%

Report

Awareness Attitude Preference Intention Loyalty

Mean 4.18 4.07 4.23 4.05 3.95N 44 44 44 44 44Std. Deviation 1.883 1.910 1.538 1.711 1.684

b) Cross-tabulation of the usage with Sex


Cases

Valid Missing Total


Sex * Usage 45 100.0% 0 0.0% 45 100.0%

Usage * Sex Cross tabulationCount

Usage Total

Light (1) Heavy (3) Medium (2)

Sex1 14 5 5 24

2 5 11 5 21Total 19 16 10 45

Notation used : 1-Female, 2- Male

We can infer from the above data that usage of NIKE is heavy amongst male population. Females, on the other hand, are light users of NIKE. The female usage rate is same for both heavy and medium. Similarly, for male population, light and medium users are same.

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c) Test for awareness of Nike exceeding 3.0


Cases

Included Excluded Total


Awareness 44 97.8% 1 2.2% 45 100.0%

ReportAwareness

Mean N Std. Deviation

4.18 44 1.883

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 3

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Lower Upper

Awareness 4.162 43 .000 1.182 .61 1.75

Null hypothesis, H0: µ ≤ 3Alternate hypothesis, H1: µ > 3.0A=0.05 We find that the t-value is greater than 3 and the value lies in the rejection region. Therefore, we reject the hypothesis and effectively conclude that the awareness is greater than 3.

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d) T-Test for awareness, attitude and loyalty for male and female

Group Statistics

Sex N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Awareness1 23 3.57 1.903 .397

2 21 4.86 1.652 .360

Attitude1 24 3.58 1.998 .4082 20 4.65 1.663 .372

Preference1 24 3.92 1.412 .2882 20 4.60 1.635 .366

Intention1 24 4.13 1.941 .3962 20 3.95 1.432 .320

Loyalty1 23 4.17 1.696 .354

2 21 3.71 1.678 .366

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for Equality of Variances

t-test for Equality of Means

F Sig. t df

Awareness

Equal variances assumed 1.249 .270 -2.394 42

Equal variances not assumed

-2.410 41.903

AttitudeEqual variances assumed .395 .533 -1.900 42Equal variances not assumed

-1.933 42.000

PreferenceEqual variances assumed .828 .368 -1.488 42Equal variances not assumed

-1.468 37.865

IntentionEqual variances assumed 3.899 .055 .334 42Equal variances not assumed

.344 41.451

Loyalty

Equal variances assumed .014 .905 .902 42


.903 41.719

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Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference

Std. Error Difference

95% Confidence

Interval of the Difference

Lower

Awareness

Equal variances assumed .021 -1.292 .540 -2.381


.020 -1.292 .536 -2.374

AttitudeEqual variances assumed .064 -1.067 .561 -2.200Equal variances not assumed

.060 -1.067 .552 -2.181

PreferenceEqual variances assumed .144 -.683 .459 -1.610Equal variances not assumed

.150 -.683 .466 -1.626

IntentionEqual variances assumed .740 .175 .524 -.882Equal variances not assumed

.733 .175 .509 -.853

Loyalty

Equal variances assumed .372 .460 .509 -.568


.372 .460 .509 -.568



95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Upper

AwarenessEqual variances assumed -.203

Equal variances not assumed -.210

AttitudeEqual variances assumed .066Equal variances not assumed .047

PreferenceEqual variances assumed .243Equal variances not assumed .259

IntentionEqual variances assumed 1.232Equal variances not assumed 1.203

LoyaltyEqual variances assumed 1.487

Equal variances not assumed 1.487

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H0: µ (male)=µ (female)H1: µ (male)≠ µ (female)á=0.051. Awareness- The p-value is .021<0.05, so we reject H0. There is a significant difference in the awareness levels of male and female population.2. Attitude- The p-value is .064>0.05, so we accept H0. There is no significant difference in the attitude in the population.3. Loyalty- The p-value is greater than 0.05 so we accept H0.

e. Paired test of Awareness and loyalty

Paired Samples Statistics

Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Pair 1Awareness 4.21 43 1.897 .289

Loyalty 3.98 43 1.697 .259

Paired Samples Correlations

N Correlation Sig.

Pair 1 Awareness &Loyalty 43 .068 .664

Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences

Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

95% Confidence


Lower

Pair 1 Awareness - Loyalty .233 2.458 .375 -.524

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Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences t df Sig. (2-tailed)

95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

Upper

Pair 1 Awareness - Loyalty .989 .621 42 .538

H0: µ (Awareness)<=µ (loyalty) H1: µ (Awareness)> µ (loyalty) á=0.05We reject H0 due to the significance level. So there is higher awareness than loyalty.

f. Awareness distribution for Nike

StatisticsAwareness

NValid 184

Missing 0Mean 5.01Median 5.00Mode 6Std. Deviation 1.554Variance 2.415Range 6

Awareness

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid

1 5 2.7 2.7 2.7

2 10 5.4 5.4 8.2

3 18 9.8 9.8 17.9

4 28 15.2 15.2 33.2

5 35 19.0 19.0 52.2

6 60 32.6 32.6 84.8

7 28 15.2 15.2 100.0

Total 184 100.0 100.0

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As we can clearly see that the awareness does not exactly follow normal distribution.

g) Preference distribution curve for Nike

StatisticsPreference

NValid 183

Missing 1Mean 4.64Median 5.00Mode 4Std. Deviation 1.479Variance 2.186Range 6

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Preference

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Valid

1 2 1.1 1.1 1.1

2 16 8.7 8.7 9.8

3 17 9.2 9.3 19.1

4 54 29.3 29.5 48.6

5 37 20.1 20.2 68.9

6 35 19.0 19.1 88.0

7 22 12.0 12.0 100.0

Total 183 99.5 100.0Missing 9 1 .5Total 184 100.0

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The graph does not always follow normal distribution

h) Nonparametric Tests for checking the awareness when ordinal scale is taken.

Hypothesis Test Summary

Null Hypothesis Test Sig. Decision

1 IndependentThe distribution of Awareness of -SamplesNike is the same across categories Mann- .025 of Sex. Whitney U

Test

Reject the null hypothesis.

The significance level is 0.05

i) Nonparametric Tests for checking the loyalty when ordinal scale is taken.

Hypothesis Test Summary

Null Hypothesis Test Sig. Decision

1 IndependentThe distribution of Loyalty for -Samples Retain the Nike is the same across Mann- .332 null categories of Sex. Whitney U hypothesis.

Test

The significance level is 0.05

j. Paired test for comparing Attitude and loyalty towards Nike when ordinal scale is taken.



Pair 1

Attitude toward Nike

4.07 43 1.932 .295

Loyalty for Nike 3.93 43 1.696 .259

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N Correlation Sig.

Pair 1Attitude toward Nike & Loyalty for Nike

43 .081 .604

Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences

Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

95% Confidence


Lower

Pair 1Attitude toward Nike - Loyalty for Nike

.140 2.465 .376 -.619

Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences

t df Sig. (2-tailed)


Difference

Upper

Pair 1Attitude toward Nike - Loyalty for Nike

.898 .371 42 .712

Null hypothesis, H0: µ (Awareness)<=µ (loyalty) Alternate hypothesis, H1: µ (Awareness)> µ (loyalty) At α=0.05, we accept H0 due to the significance level. So we conclude that awareness is not greater than loyalty.

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2.

a)

Null hypothesis, H0: µ ≤ 3.0Alternate hypothesis, H1: µ > 3.0Level of Significance (α) = 0.05

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 3

t df Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean

Difference


Difference

Lower Upper

Preference for

Outdoors2.893 29 .007 1.033 .30 1.76

P (t-calc) 0 0.007 < 0.05Therefore, reject H0

(b)

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Enjoying Nature 30 4.60 1.868 .341

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 3.5

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

Lower Upper

Enjoying Nature 3.225 29 .003 1.100 .40 1.80

We take level of significance, α=0.05Here, calculated significance=.003As, 0.05>.003, we make an inference that the H0 can be rejected.

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c)Null hypothesis, H0: µm = µwAlternate hypothesis, H1: µm ≠ µwα=0.05Reject H0 if tcalc > tcritical = 2.048 (df=28 , α=0.05/2)

Group Statistics

Sex of Respondent N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Preference for Outdoors Female 15 4.07 2.251 .581

Male 15 4.00 1.690 .436

tcalc = 0.092 < 2.0484Hence, we do not reject H0

(d)

Group Statistics

Sex of Respondent N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Enjoying NatureFemale 15 3.07 1.163 .300

Male 15 6.13 .915 .236

Relating to WeatherFemale 15 3.53 1.846 .477

Male 15 3.67 1.676 .433

Harmony with EnvironmentFemale 15 3.73 1.280 .330

Male 15 5.33 1.589 .410

Exercising RegularlyFemale 15 3.27 1.710 .441

Male 15 3.93 1.624 .419

Meeting PeopleFemale 15 2.93 1.624 .419

Male 15 4.80 1.656 .428

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Here, t (critical) = 2.0484Looking at the t (calculated) values we can draw conclusions that importance attached to V2, V4 and V6 differ for males and females.

e)

Testing at significance level α=0.05 we observe the p-value (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.026) is less than α.Hence we conclude that the participants place more importance to enjoying nature then on nature.

(f)



Pair 1Relating to Weather 3.60 30 1.734 .317

Meeting People 3.87 30 1.871 .342


N Correlation Sig.

Pair 1Relating to Weather &

Meeting People30 .398 .030

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We assume level of significance, α=0.05 As calculated significance is .467 which is way higher than 0.05; we conclude that the respondents don’t distinguish between weather and meeting other people.

g)Testing at a significance level, α=0.05, we observe the p-value (of = 0.014) is less than α.Hence we conclude that the participants place more importance to living in ‘harmony with the environment’ than they do to ‘exercising regularly’.

h)

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i)

As calculated, the level of significance is .465 which .05. This helps us make an inference that the respondents don’t attach much importance to weather than meeting people.

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pgp29370 spss assignment

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