petroleum facilites of germany 1945 110

8/14/2019 Petroleum Facilites of Germany 1945 110

1/18

Gels enkirc l i en

SCALE50 0 1000 1500

Hydrogenation PlantGELSENBERG BENZIN A.GGELSENKIRCHEN

1 COAL MINE2 POWER STATION3 WATER GAS PLANT4 HYDROGEN CONVERTERS5 COMPRESSORS6 CO AND CO2 REMOVAL7 CIRCULATORS8 INJECTORS9 PASTE PREPARATION10 STALLS11 CARBONIZING OVENS12 PRIMARY PRODUCT TANKS13 FINISHED PRODUCT TANKS14 PIPE LINE FROM CENTRALKOKEREINORDSTERN R4 6


2/18

SYNTHETIC_OIL - 181GelsenlcTrchefi4 , 6 . 9 G e l a e n k l r o h e n

C o m p a n y : G e l s e n b e r g B e n z i n A.G.V ? N ord s ter n I I I mine, on the nor th s ide of the Emscher Cana l ,1 G e l ? ? n ^ l r c h e n i n t he h igh ly bu i l t - up a rea o f t he R uhr. La t i t ud e5o52 lon gi tu de 70 03 ' E .

References: Layout plan, page 180. Location map, page 163.Plan t Area: Triangular shape 4,500 x 3,000 feet or about 160 acres.Description: (a) Process: Hydrogenation of bituminous coal and H.T.C. tar at 700a tins, by Bergius process. Mine and power station located on west side of plantana separated from it by the colliery sidings. Conveyors connect the mine withthe gas plant.

(b) Power Plant: 380 x 307 feet, 3 chimneys, 4 cooling towers 84 feet in diameter. The colliery also has a small power station alongside the southernwinding engine house with two cooling towers, 30 feet in diameter.(c) Gas Plant: There seem to be three independent plants:

(i) Direct gasification of coal (probably Winkler type), building 90 x70 feet, 8 columns, gasholders 95 feet-in diameter.(ii) Watergas plant: 20 generators in line, 450 x 72 feet, 2 gasholders,143 feet and 90 feet in diameter, respectively,

(iii) A third plant erected between March 1940 and March 1941. Building100 x 40 feet with 4 chimneys. It is suggested that the gas plant isoversize and supplies Huls with gas through a pipe line laid in 1941.(d) Hydrogenation: Compressor house 600 x 87 feet, probably 12 compressors.Number of stalls: 12 (6 pairs): 5 pairs at 89 x 30 overall, 1 pair at 107 x30 ft.overall Carbonization of residue: 6 ovens at 47 x 37 feet.(e) Refining: Nine furnaces with fractionating columns. There is a separatesection for the working up of light ends that may include a polymerization oralkylation plant.( f) S t o r a g e T a n k s : D e t a i l s o f T a n k a g e - A p p r o x i m a t e

TotalNo. on No. of Diameter Capacity CapacityPlan Tanks Feet Tons Metric TonsP r i m a r y p r o d uc t s 12 10 60 3,000 30,000I n t e r m e d i a t e p r o d u c t s 12 9 60 3,000 27,0002 30 500 1,000F i n i s h e d p r o d uc t s 13 4 90 6,000 24,000

2 45 1,500 3,0004 30 500 2,000T o t a 1 87,000

Sundries: The synthetic plant is connected by pipe lines to the Huls synthetic rub-Her plant and the Gelsenberg Benzin A.G. synthetic plant at Gelsenkirchen. Bythis means raw or pure gas can be transmitted from any one plant to anotherand tail gases sent to Huls from the synthetic plants. There are also pipeconnections with the coke oven plants at Zineckel and from Scholven to theBergmannglueck power station. This latter believed to convey tail gases fromthe synthetic plant to the power station.Estimated Capacity: 350,000 metric tons per year estimated normal production capacity.


3/18

- SYNTHETIC OILHolten-sterkrade

FISCHER-TROPSCH PLANTO FRUHRBENZIN A.G.ATH O L T E N - S T E R K R A D E

Solvent PlantFischer-Tropsch Catalyst PlantSulphuric Acid TankLabor CampOfficesCooling TowersBoiler House and Power StationTransformer StationLinde Nitrogen PlantCompressor House for AmmoniaSynthesis PlantFertilizer SiloMaintenance WorkshopAmmonia Absorption PlantNitric Acid PlantDry GasholderMain GasholderStorage TanksNew RefineryWorkshopsWater Gas PlantGasholderUnderground Storage Tank?Main RefineryLube Oil PlantLube Oil Storage TanksFractionation PlantActivated Carbon PlantCovered GasholdersButane StorageStabilizing Butane & PropaneColumns and PumphouseCondensersContact Oven HouseSulphur Removal PlantInstallation for Removing OrganicSulphur Compounds from GasStorage TanksCracking PlantLaboratoryPower LineCanal Under ConstructionNew Plant Under ConstructionStorage Cylinder InstallationFoundations for Storage CylindersAutobahn


4/18

SYNTHETIC OIL - 183feolten - Sterkrade4.6.10 Hoiten - Sterkrade

Company: Ruhrbenzin A.G.Location: On road between Sterkrade and Holten, about one mile east of village of

HoTten, latitude 51 32' N., longitude 6 48' E., in the Ruhr, approximatelytnree miles east of the Rhine. Annex to ammonia and chemical works of Ruhrcnemie A.G.References: Layout plan, page 182. Location map, page 161.Plant Area: Triangle 3,700 x 4,100 x 2,250 feet, of which oil synthesis section,in southern part, measures 1,300 x 900 feet or about 27 acres.Description: (a) Process: Fischer-Tropsch synthesis from CO 4. H2.

(b) Power Plant: Serves both chemical works and oil plant.(c) Gas Manufacture: Two groups of watergas generators, 1 with 7 generators and1 with 6 generators. Gasholder 110 feet in diameter. Cooling tower 48 feetin diameter. H2S removal, 8 towers, 36 feet in diameter. Organic sulphur removal (Feinreinigung), 12 towers, 18 feet in diameter. There is also a Lindeplant. The watergas generators seem to point to an insufficient supply ofcoke oven gas to meet the requirements of both the NH3 and the Fischer-TropschPlant.(d) Synthesis: Contaot oven house, 540 x 115 feet, with probably 90 to 100low pressure ovens, 60 of which may be for first stage, 30 in second stage and6 standby.(e) Refinery: Two groups of condensers, 18 feet in diameter, activated carbonplants stabilizing, propane and butane columns, fractionating plant for primary products, T.V.P. cracking plant, lubricating oil plant.(f) Tankage: Approximately as follows:

Metxio TonsLube o i l storage 4,712Finished product 25,795Primary product 2,958

Tota l 33,465There may also be some underground storage tanks.(g) Sundries: There is quite some unidentified new construction extending tothe northwest which seems connected with the oil plant. There is also acatalyst plant^ one of the three in Germany (the other two being at Schwarzheide and at Lutzkendorf).

Estimated Capacity: 80,000 me trio tons per year estimated normal productioncapacity.


5/18

184 - SYNTHETIC OILHomberg

Fischer - Tropsch PlantRHEINPREUSSEN G.m.b.H.HOMBERG

1. Tip heap2. Pit prop yard3. Filter tanks?4. Lamp rooms etc.5. Colliery offices6. Mine headgear7. Colliery sidings8. Modern coke oven plant andcrushing plant9. Coaling tower10. "Old" coke oven plant11 . Crushing and loading plant12. Dist i l lat ion unit13 . Storage cylinders14. Not identified15. Wet gasholder16 . Loco, coaling tower17. Pitch bays18 . Ammonium sulphate preparat ion19 . Cooling towers20 . Not ident if ied

21 . Boiler house22 . Wet gasholder23 . Storage cylinders24 . Benzole fractionation25 . Ammonium sulphate factory26 . Tar stills27 . Condensation & tar recovery28 . Cooling tower29 . Water purification?30 . Mineral dumps31. Pitch bays32 . Pump house33 . Partly dismantled cooling tower34 . Cooling tower35 . Boiler house36 . Covered loading bay37 . Pump house38 . H 2S removal boxes39 . Dry gasholder40 . 41 . Linde plant42 . Cylinder Storage

LEGEND43 . Cooling tow er-h al f d ismant led44 . Cooling tower - partly dismantled45 . Cooling tower (intact)46 . Cooling tower (inactive)47 . Benzole tanks48 . Destroyed gasholder49 . Pump house50 . Wet gasholder51 . Water gas plant52 . Blower house53 . Converter unit54 . Water gas plant55 . Pumn house56 . Cooling tower57 . Nitrogen plant58 . Let down point59 . H2S removal60 . Organic sulphur removal61. Catalyst recovery62 . Contact oven house63 . Condensation columns

40 0 80 0= FEET

64 . Cooling towers65 . Condensers66 . Excavation67 . Active carbon plant68 . Workshops69 . Distillation plant70 . Storage cylinders71 . Laboratory or workshop72 . Main offices73 . Packed products shed74 . 75, 76, 77. Distillation plants78 . Oil storage tanks1 Tank 4,000 M3 - 25,200 BBLS' " " 3,000 M3 - 18,900 BBLS.Tank1 Tank 1,000 M3 - 6,30 0 BBLS.I T a n k 500 M3 3,150 BB LS.1 Tank 400 M3 - 2,520 BBLS.12 Tanks 200 M3 - 1,260 BBLS.79 . Vacant tank site80 . Offices81 . Covered loading bay

R 28


6/18

SYNTHETIC OIL - 185Homberg4 # 6 .11 Homberg.

Company: Rheinpreussen G.m.b.H.Locat ion : Homberg, la ti tu de 51 28' N., longitude 6 38' E, west of Duisburg adjo in in g Rheinpreussen Haniel coa l mine Shaft V to the NW, 1-3/4 miles west of

the Rhine in the angle formed by the Rheinberg-Krefeld and Duisburg-Kleverailways.Reference: Layout plan, page 184. Location map, page 161.Pla nt Area: 3,200 x 3,000 feet or approximately 220 ac re s .De scr ipti on : (a) Pro cess : Fischer-Tropsch syn the sis , probably both low pressureand medium pr es su re , op erat ing on hard coal and coke. Shaft V of the Rheinpreussen Company's Haniel mine adjoins the pla nt on the northwest. Coal goesd i rec t ly from the p it head to the coking ovens. The coke oven gas may pos si bly be supplemented by gas from the Ruhr gas grid.

(b) Power P la nt : Small boilerhouse and generator h a l l .(c) Gas Manufacture: Two watergas p la nts , each with si x gen erator s. Twobanks of coke ovens, one of 1,100 fe et with about 300 ovens, one of 430 feetwith about 130 ovens (modern). NH* and benzol, e t c . , recovery; possiblyethylene recove ry through deep cooling , ta r sep aration and trea tment . H2Sremoval of coke oven gas in 10 boxes. H2S removal from watergas, 8 towers 45ft.in diameter. Organic sulphur removal, 10 towers 20 f t . in diameter.(d) Synthesis: Contact oven house 7 90 x 120 fe et, probably 200 ovens (2 rowsof 100).(e) Ref inery: Columns with he ater houses, e t c . Probably also lube o i l manufac tu re .(f) Tankage: Storage tankage capacities, approximately:

Details of TankageDiameter CapacityNumber Feet (Metric Tons)

1 80 4,0001 60 3,0001 40 1,0001 30 5001 25 40012 20 2,400TOTAL 11,300

Estimated Production: 80,000 metric tons per year estimated normal productioncapaci ty.


7/18

186 - SYNTHETIC OILKamen

4.6 .12 Kamen

Company: Chemische Werke Essener Steinkohle A.G. (This plant has also been referreto as belonging to the Kamen Essener Verein Monople A.G.).Location: 2-1/2 miles northwest of Kamen, latitude 51 38

1N., longitude 7 38

fE .Kamen lies approximately ten miles northeast of Dortmund, midway on theDortmund-Hamm road. The plant adjoins the Monopol Grimberg Coal mine, shaftsI and II and the Lipp Canal is one mile north.

References: Layout plan below. Location map, page 163.Plant Area: 2,200 x 1,800 feet or approximately 90 acres.Description: (a) Process: Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, probably at atmospheric pressure. Operates on hard coal and coke from adjacent mine.

(b) Power Plant: Small power plant located alongside the coal mine is fed byconveyor direct from the colliery.(c) Gas Manufacture: Northeast of the colliery are the coke oven batteries(No. 19 on layout plan). These measure 630 feet in length and are reported tocontain 140 ovens. A cooling tower is situated at the eastern end, connectedby conveyor with the colliery complex. There is a central quenching Fischer-Tropsch Planttower. CHEMISCHE WERKE ESSENER

STEINKOHLE A.G.Volatile products from the coke KAMEN (near Dortmund)ovens are passed to a small by-products plant (23) where benzol,tar, etc. are separated, but areprobably exported in the crude statefor treatment elsewhere. Coke ovengas is stored in two gasholders (19),each 75 feet in diameter. For hydrogen supply the works has a water-gas plant consisting of two buildings, one containing the generators

served by a gantry or portal crane

(1) and the other the blowing machinery (2). The generator building(330 x 82 feet) apparently containseight generators, and has a highwestern section containing bunkers.The blower house measures 200 x 45feet. A cooling tower (20) and agasholder (22) measuring 125 feet indiameter are situated a short distance to the east. An L-shapedbuilding nearby (3) is probably acontrol room and pumphouse. The gasis passed to a hydrogen sulphide removal plant (4). This is a building470 x 130 feet with eight towers,each 25 feet in diameter. These are LEGEND

1. Water Gas Plant 13. Cooling Towers2. Blower House 14. Tip Heap(for renewal of the reagent) Pump & Control House 15.. Coal Mine4. H2S Removal 16. Power Station5. Organic Sulphur Removal 17. Cooling Tower6. Contact Oven House 18. Coke Oven BatteryThe more northerly part of the 7. Condenser Columns 19. Gas Holdersbuilding is occupied by organic sul 8. Activated Carbon Plant 20 . Cooling Tower9. Residual Gas Holder 21 . Tip Heapphur removal, with eight columns, 10. Refinery Area 22. Gas Holdereach about 7 feet in diameter (5). By-products Plant1. Intermediated Product 23.Tanks (Camouflaged) 24. Colliery OfficesThese are probably served by the 25. Pit Prop Yards2. Finished ProductTanks (Camouflaged;same crane as the hydrogen sulphide


8/18

SYNTHETIC OIL - 187Kamen

Kamen (Continued)

removal columns. Columns alongside this plant may be for the conversion of aproportion of the carbon monoxide in the synthesis gas to hydrogen.(d) Synthesis: The oorrect mixture of carbon mono-ride and hydrogen is passedto the contact oven house (6) which is a building measuring 410 x 100 feet.

From the presence of condenser columns, an activated carbon plant and otherdetails, it is deduced that the plant uses the atmospheric pressure process.The ovens for this measure 2.5 meters wide and are spaced approximately 0.5meters apart. There would, therefore, be room for two rows each of 40 ovens.Allowing for standby ovens, not normally on stream, this would give an annualproduction of about 60,000 tons.Two tall columns (7) at the end of the contact oven house are identifiedas condensers. From them a pipe leads to the activated carbon plant (8 ), nearwhich are situated two residual gasholders measuring 60 and 40 feet in diameter,respectively. A pipe connection allows for return of residual gas for recir

culation.Overhead pipes lead from the condensers and tfrom the activated carbon plantto the refinery section (10) occupying an area 500 x 270 feet and is believedto contain a cracking unit.

(e) Tankage: Storage tanks capacities are approximately as follows:

Details of Tankage

Tons TotalNo. on No. of Diameter Capacity CapacityPlan Tanks Feet Each Metric tons11 4 40 1,000 4,000

1 90 6,000 6,00012 1 60 3,000 3,0003 40 1,000 3,000T o t a 16,000

Estimated Capacity: 60,000 metric tons per year estimated normal productioncapacity.


9/18

8 - SYNTHETIC OILLeuna

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10/18

SYNTHETIC OIL - 189Leuna

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11/18

190 - SYNTHETIC OILLeuna

4.6.13 LeunaCompany: I.G. Farbenindustrie A.G.Looation: Leuna, latitude 51 19' N., longitude 12 001 E., is located two milessouth of Merseberg and about one mile from the Saale River, It is approxi

mately ten miles south of Halle. The main line railroad from Frankfort toBerlin borders the plant.References: Layout plan, pages 188-189. Looation map, page 162,Plant Area: Two miles x 2/3 miles (850 aores). Includes chemical works as well assynthetic oil plant.Description: (a) Prooess: Leuna is the largest fixed nitrogen plant in the worldat the rated oapaoity of 850,000 tons of nitrogen per year and having numerousother chemical operations in addition to the synthetic oil plant. The Bergiusprocess hydrogenation plant operates on lignite and L.T.C. tar*

(b) Power Plant: There are five old boilerhouses occupying an area 3,800 feetlong by 90 feet wide, and since 1935 a new boilerhoiise was built near thesynthetic oil plant, 575 feet x 165 feet. The latter is reported to generatesteam of 1,500 pounds pressure. The plant is also connected with Gross Kayma,Gross Kbrbetha, Schkopau, and probably with Bitterfeld, Golpa, Bohlen Rotha,MoeIbis and Ober Beana.(c) Gas Manufacture: There are two watergas plants and two Winkler generators,and prior to the war a great deal of producer gas was produced for fuel andthe generation of power with gas engines. These plants supply the whole worksId) Hydrogenation: There are two rows of 18 stalls, one of which is used forsynthesis vessels and the others for heating furnaces, etc. Each stall measures 36 feet x 30 feet. The synthetic oil plant operated before the war at200 etms. pressure which is somewhat less efficient than the more modern plantsThe plant is designed to operate on brown coal and L.T.C. tar.(e) Refinery: There is considerable refinery equipment.(f) Tankage: Known tankage is approximately as follows:

Metric TonsPrimary productFinished product 18,60042,200

Total 60,800Estimated Capacity:600.000 metric tons per year estimated normal production capacity


12/18

SYNTHETIC OIL - 191Ltttzkendorf4.6.14 Ltttzkendorf

Company: Wintershall A.G.Location: Two miles ea st of vi ll ag e of Mttohlen, la ti tu de 51 17* N., longitudelio 52 B . , approximately 14 miles SW of Halle in C entra l Germany, Planti s connected by conveyor with south end of Ltttzkendorf Grube mine.References: Layout plan, page 192. Location map, page 162.Plant Area: One mile, x 1,740 fe e t, or approximately 210 ac re s .De scr ipt ion : (a) Proc ess: Both hydrogenation (Bergius) and synthesis (Fischer-Tropsch) processes are employed within the Lutzkendorf p lant. Operates onlignite (brown coal).

(b) Power Pl an t: Boilerhouse, 400 x 70 feet , buil t in two partsold pa rt330 fee t , new part 70 fee t . Generator house 400 x 20 fe e t. Fuel probablybrown coal brique ttes . Works also draw e lec t r ic i ty from Gross Kayma powers t a t ion .(c) Fischer-Tropsch: (1) Gas manufacture: four Winkler generato rs at 100 x100 fee t or Bamag pattern . Two wet gasholders and one dry gasholder.

(2) Two contact oven houses, 306 x 80 fee t and 415 x 80 fee t, houses beingsome 350 fe e t a part , which may be used for extension . Five tow ers.(d) Hydrogenation: (1) Gas manufacture: Hg drawn from Winkler generatorsmentioned above. H2 storage 100 fe et in diameter. Compressor house 190 x70 feet.

(2) Hydrogenation proper: One pair of s t a l l s , s t a l l siz e 36 x 27 f ee t.Reaction vessels 40 to 50 fee t long, 5 fee t in diam eter. Suggesting 700atmospheres.(e) Refinery: Two furnace houses, two columns for d i s t i l l a t i o n and s tab il iz a tion"^ May Include lube o i l production fa c i l i t ie s and iso -octa ne .(f) Tankage: Tankage is enormous. Apart from sizeab le tankage in variouspar ts of the works there is a tank farm of about 75,000 metric tons c apacityon the north side of hydro plant.

Estimated Capacity: Fischer-Tropsch plant 80,000 metric tons, hydrogenation plant125,000 metr ic ton s, to ta li ng 205,000 metric tons per year estimated normalproduction capacity


13/18

2 - SYNTHETICOILLutzkendorf

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petroleum facilites of germany 1945 110

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