petrobras deepwater gas lift project gas lift workshop ... · objective-search for products that...
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Alcino R. Almeida - CENPES
Guilherme A. Peixoto - UN-BCJosé Eduardo Mendonça - UN-RIOPaulo José P. Ribeiro - EP-CORP
PETROBRAS Deepwater Gas Lift Project(an overview)
PETROBRAS Deepwater Gas Lift Project(an overview)
ASME/API/ISO Spring 2005 Gas-Lift Workshop
Rio de Janeiro - February, 2005
Objective
- Search for products that will optimize gas liftprocess in high pressure and high flow rate deepwater subsea wells
- The Deepwater Gas Lift Project is part of a major PETROBRAS Technological Program
- PROCAP 3000 -
Deepwater Gas Lift Project Schedule:
Phase I : Feb, 1999 to Feb, 2005
Phase II : Mar, 2005 to Jul, 2006
PHASE I : AREAS OF INTEREST
1 – Scenario Studies
2 – Gas Lift Equipment Development
3 – Gas Lift Software Development
4 – Gas Lift Automation
Scenario StudiesScenario Studies
Production Methods – Campos Basin
Number of Wells
7015%
29563%
10422%
FLOWING CONTINUOUS GL ESP
Production Methods – Campos Basin
Flow Rate
36%
59%
5%
FLOWING CONTINUOUS GL ESP
FocusFocus in Campos in Campos BasinBasin FieldsFields::
1 – Roncador
2 – South Marlim
SCENARIO STUDIES
SCENARIO STUDIES
Main Oilfield Data:
Datum: - 2500 to - 3200 m
Water Depth: 1000 to 3000 m
Well to Platform distance: 1.5 to 12 km(1 to 7.5 mi)
Oil Specific Gravity: 12 to 30 οAPI
Bottom Hole Pressure: 250 to 290 bar(3600 to 4200 psi)
Productivity Index: 10 to 100 m3/d/bar(4.5 to 45 bpd/psi)
Formation GOR: 50 to 75 m3/m3
(280 to 420 scf/bbl)
Points to inject lift gas
1 - downhole
2 - at the Subsea Well Head
3 - at riser base
GL points
Where is the best GL injection point ?
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1
Water Depth / Datum
Liq
uid
Flow
rate
(m
3/d)
riserwhcpoço
Depends on BHP, Flow Line Lenght, PI, ....
-EXAMPLE-
WD = 2000 mWD = 1500 m
Reservoir Datum = 2500 m
What is the best type of operating valve ?
Venturi X Orifice Gas Lift Valves
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Π−01 Π−03 Π−09 Π−1 3 Π−1 5 Π−1 9 Π−2 1 Π−23 ΡΟ−08 ΡΟ−09 ΡΟ−12 ΡΟ−14 ΡΟ−1 6 ΡΟ−1 7 ΡΟ−1 8 ΡΟ−19 ΡΟ−21 ΡΟ−24 ΡΟ−2 5 ΡϑΣ−4 3 6
Wells
Oil
Flow
rate
Incr
ease
(%)
What is the best type of IPO GL valve ?
High Pressure X Conventional IPO Valves
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
P- 0 1 P- 0 3 P- 0 9 P- 13 P- 15 P- 19 P- 2 1 P- 2 3 RO- 0 8 RO- 0 9 RO- 12 RO- 14 RO- 16 RO- 17 RO- 18 RO- 19 RO- 2 1 RO- 2 4 RO- 2 5 RJS- 4 3 6
Poços
Oil
Flow
rate
Incr
ease
(%)
Operational flexibility:
– Reduce the number of GL valves
– Prevent instabilities and severe slug
– Easy way to start up the well
Single point injection in ultradeep wells
Advantages of Subsea Injection Gas Points
Equipment DevelopmentEquipment Development
EQUIPMENT DEVELOPMENT
New GL valves
– Venturi
– High pressure IPO
– Normally Open Valve
– Electric GL valve
PETROBRAS Gas Lift Valve Test Site(Aracaju-SE)
Dynamic Performance and Endurance Tests
Development of New Gas Lift Valves
– Venturi type valves
• Intensively bench and field tested byPetrobras
• Standard valve in Petrobras deepwaterwells
• Petrobras patented valve is beingmanufactured in Brasil
Venturi Valves Performance
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Downstream Pressure (psig)
Gas
Flo
wra
te (m
³/d)
Venturi Gas Lift Valve 1 1/2"
Petrobras ValveManufacturer Valve
– 3000 psi Gas Lift Valve• Developed under a Cooperation Agreement
• Allows deeper operation injection point
• Bench tested
• Field test: one valve is operating in Albacora field since July, 2003
Development of New Gas Lift Valves
High Pressure Bellows Valve Performance
C-R20H-16Tg-SSG12030-2000
09000
18000270003600045000540006300072000810009000099000
100 400 700 1000 1300 1600 1900 2200PT-M2 (psig)
VAZÃ
O (N
m³/d
)
Nível 1Nível 2Nível 3Nível 4Nível 5
– Electric Gas Lift Valve• Petrobras was a member of a JIP with other
operators and one manufacturer
• Field tested in the USA (Simpson Field, Indiana) in 2001
• High cost => not attractive for standard applications
Development of New Gas Lift Valves
- Normally Open Gas Lift Valve– opens with low injection casing pressure
– closes with high injection casing pressure
– failed in field test in Campos Basin in 2001 (Cherne field)
– endurance tests in Atalaia Test Site in 2004 showed a need for further improvement
– Application scenario:
• as an operating valve (dual compression sites)
• as a kickoff valve
Development of New Gas Lift Valves
Development of New Gas Lift Valves
NormallyOpen Gas Lift Valve
Problems
detected
PETROBRAS GAS LIFT TEST SITE
PERFORMANCE TESTS
ENDURANCE TESTS
PETROBRAS GAS LIFT TEST SITE
Software DevelopmentSoftware Development
MARLIMMARLIM
(Multiphase and Artificial Lift Modelling)
– In-house and continuous development
– Accurate Pressure and Temperature profilesprediction in multiphase flow
– Used to design and troubleshooting analysis
– Includes dynamic performance of GL valves
Steady State Software
Temperature Profiles Comparison
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
35000 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72
Temperature (C)
Dep
th (m
)
Test 03/01/1999MarlimSimulator ASimulator B
– Calculate transient temperature and pressure
profiles (production and annular systems) in multiphase flow
– Useful for kickoff and design analysis with natural gas or
nitrogen injection and including coiltubing if necessary
– Dynamic Performance of GL valves and chokes are included
Two softwares are being developed by Petrobras:
- FLOWLIFT – with external consultant
- TRACELIFT – specific presentation will be made at GL
workshop
Transient Softwares
Transient Software
System geometry
Fluids:– oil + formation water– Formation gas– Natural gas as lift gas– Nitrogen as lift gas– Completion fluid during
kickoff
Flowlift - Example
0 4000 8000 12000 16000tempo
0
1
2
vazã
o de
gás
vazão de gás - válvula 1
vazão de gás - válvula 2
0.0
0.5
1.0
aber
tura
Automation and Phase II of the ProjectAutomation and Phase II of the Project
Goals:
Optimization and automation of gas allocation per well
Automatic instabilities control
Specific presentation on the subject in this Workshop
Gas Lift Automation
A low cost alternative for automation without depending on well interventionThe optimum injection point may be inferred from the surface temperatureTemperature is proportional to the flow rate (simulation results)Keep GL optimized all the time
0 20000 40000 60000 80000Injeção de lift gas (Sm3/d)
920
940
960
980
1000
1020
Vaz
ão d
e líq
uido
(Sm
3/d)
36
37
38
39
Tem
pera
tura
do
fluid
o a
mon
tant
e do
cho
ke (g
rau
C)
t_behavi.grf
84.8
84.9
85.0
85.1
85.2
Tem
pera
tura
do
fluid
o na
AN
M (g
rau
C)
Legenda
temp. no coletor
temp. na ANM
vazão de líquido
Surface temperatureX-tree temperatureLiquid flow rate
GL Automation by Temperature
GL Automation by Temperature
Delay analysis chart
0
10
20
30
40
50
602:
53:2
3 PM
3:00
:39
PM3:
07:5
6 PM
3:15
:14
PM3:
22:2
9 PM
3:29
:47
PM3:
37:0
6 PM
3:44
:21
PM3:
51:3
5 PM
3:58
:49
PM4:
06:0
5 PM
4:13
:19
PM4:
20:3
3 PM
4:27
:47
PM4:
35:0
2 PM
4:42
:17
PM4:
49:3
2 PM
4:56
:45
PM5:
04:0
1 PM
5:11
:16
PM5:
34:4
6 PM
5:42
:03
PM5:
49:2
0 PM
5:56
:36
PM6:
03:5
1 PM
6:11
:07
PM6:
18:2
3 PM
6:25
:37
PM6:
32:5
2 PM
6:40
:07
PM6:
47:2
3 PM
6:54
:38
PM
Time
Flow
rate
[m3/
h]
35.5
36
36.5
37
37.5
38
38.5
39
39.5
40
40.5
41
Tem
pera
ture
[oC
]
voleotoleo
GL Automation by Pressure
SUPERVISORY INFORMATIONSUPERVISORY INFORMATION
Gas Lift Riser Base Injection
Erosional Velocity – Bench Tests in Atalaia
New Venturi Developments
PHASE II : AREAS OF INTEREST