petrel - introduction to re through petrel - procedimento minicurso

7/27/2019 Petrel - Introduction to RE Through Petrel - Procedimento Minicurso

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Introduction to RE through Petrel

This is a quick exercise going through the creation of a very simplified ECLIPSE model in Petrel RE,

consisting of a cubic grid with a producer well in the center. A constant pressure boundary condition is

set on the borders by the implementation of an aquifer, and its influence is analyzed through three

ECLIPSE simulations. Throughout all steps it is expected that a parallel to real field cases are made, in

order to teach Reservoir Engineering through a practical workflow.

1. Setting unit system in our new projectWe will start from a new project in Petrel. Take a few minutes to

familiarize yourself with the interface in case you need to. We will

now set the unit projects to metric. To do so, click on Project on

the menu bar and then Project Settings. Now click on the tab Units

and coordinates. Make sure the Unit system is set to Metric.

2. Creating the simple gridOur grid will be created from the Make simple grid process,

which can be found under Utilities in the Process pane.

Double-click it and, on the first tab, Input data, fill in the

following parameters:

Top: -1524

Bottom: -1578


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With that, we just specified the top and bottom limits

of our grid. Now click the next pane, Geometry and fill

in the following values:

XMax: 330

YMax: 330Xinc: 30

Yinc: 30

This will provide our areal limits (going from 0 to 330

meters on both X and Y), and divide it into 11x11 grid

blocks (or 12x12 nodes). Hit Ok and a new model with

a grid inside named 3D Grid will be stored in the

Models pane.

3. Creating the vertical subdivisionIn order to make the vertical subdivision (layering), we need to go through three steps:

a. Create boundarysurfaces

On the Models pane, expandNew model and 3D grid. Right-

click Skeleton and select

Convert to surface. These will

be stored in a folder under the

Input pane.

b. Creating the horizonsIn the Processes pane, under Structural modeling, double-click the process Make horizons to open its

dialog window. Click the Append item in table button twice to add two lines which will create the


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horizons. Highlight the surface Top under the Input pane by clicking its name once, and then drop it in

the Make Horizons process by clicking the blue arrow icon in line 1 under the Input #1 column. Do the

same with the Base surface for line 2. Hit Ok after your process window looks like the following:

This will add new items, horizons, to the Models pane.

c. LayeringWith the horizons defined, we

can now do layering by activating

the Layering process under

Structural modeling in the

Processes pane. Change the

number of layers to 6 and keep all

the other settings default. Hit Ok

when done.

4. Creating petrophysical propertiesWe will populate our model with simple petrophysical properties: porosity of 20%, areal permeabilities

of 200 mD and vertical permeability corresponding to 10% of areal permeability.


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We will create them via the Calculator. To

open it, navigate to the Models pane and,

under 3D Grid, right-click Properties and

choose Calculator.

Choose Porosity under Attach new totemplate, and type the following

equation in the empty field next to the

blue arrow icon:

PORO = 0.2

Hit Enter when you are done. Now change the template to

Permeability and enter the equation:

PERM = 200

Hit Enter once again when done. Finally, change the

template to Permeability Z and type in the equation:

PERMZ = 0.1*PERM

And after hitting Enter, notice how all the properties are

stored under Properties inside 3D grid (Models pane).

With that, our static model is complete, and we can now

work on the other inputs.

5. Creating the wellWe will now create our centered, vertical well. Click on Insert, which can

be found in the menu bar, and select New well folder.

New well folders are stored in the Input pane. Click on Insert again, but

now choose New well. Create a well with the following parameters:


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Name: Producer

Well symbol: (3) Oil

Well head X: 165

Well head Y: 165

Specify vertical trace: checked

Top MD: 0

Bottom MD: 1700

The well will be stored under our well folder in the Input pane. Next, we

can work on our fluid model and saturation functions. We will not add

completions to the well. This means that, by default, Petrel will consider

that it is completed (perforated) in all layers.

6. Creating a fluid modelWe create the fluid model by accessing the

Make fluid model process, which can be

found under Simulation in the Processes

pane. First we click the Use defaults button

and select Heavy oil + gas.


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Next, we will supply a series of initial conditions. To do so, we switch to the Initial conditions tab and fill

in the following data:

Name: No GOC

Pressure (bar): 207

Datum depth (m): -1493

Gas-oil contact (m): -1493

Oil-gas PC (bar): 0

Water contact (m): -1554

Water-oil Pc (bar): 0

Hit Ok when done. Notice that we defined our GOC

outside of the model boundaries and the WOC insideit. The fluid models are stored in a Fluids folder inside

the Input pane. Try to visualize this data in a Function

window.

7. Creating rock physics functionsActivate the dialog for Make rock physics functionsunder Simulation in the Processes pane. Click the

button for Use defaults and choose Sand. Hit Apply.


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Next, toggle the first dropdown menu (which should now

read Saturation Function) and choose Rock Compaction

Function. Click the Use defaults button again and pick

Consolidated sandstone.

Hit Ok when done. The new functions are stored in theInput pane under a Rock physics functions folder. You

should inspect these in a Function window.

8. Creating the aquiferWe will model an aquifer as a constant pressure at the

side boundaries of our system.

Double-click the Make aquifer process found under

Simulation in the Processes pane.

First we need to create a polygon surrounding our entire

model, so we click the button Start new set of polygons

(deactivate old) which can be found on the right

sidebar. Then, click outside of the model on three

corners of the square, and finish by clicking the Close

selected polygon(s) button . The created polygon is

stored in the Input pane as Polygons 1, and can be

renamed it by highlighting its name and pressing F2.

Give it the name Aquifer boundary.

Back to the Make aquifer dialog; change the Aquifer

model to Constant pressure/head water. Now, selectthe Connections tab and drop in the Aquifer boundary

polygon you just created.


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Switch to the Properties tab and change the following

parameters, leaving the others as default:

Pressure: 200

Datum: -1551

Fluid model: Heavy oil + gas (drop it in using the blue arrow from

the input pane)

Hit Ok when done. The aquifer is stored under our grid in the

Models pane.

9. Creating development strategiesNext, we create the flow controls for our single well. Two strategies should be created, both based on a

constant oil rate control, however one will be limited by a BHP.

Double-click the Make simulation

strategy process under Simulation in

the Processes pane. Click the Use

defaults button and select Prediction

depletion strategy. Name the new

strategy ORAT.

We will simulate one year in total.

Switch the final date (2030-01-01) to

2011-01-01 by highlighting it and

pressing F2.

Select the Group rate production

control (Field) rule, and under the Oil

rate (sm3/d) field, insert a value of 50. Notice that since this group consists of only one well, this

corresponds to a well control. Also note that the BHP limit is set to 1 bar under the Well pressure

production control (Wells Folder) rule. Leave all the other settings default and press Apply.


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Now, for the BHP strategy, toggle the

radio button on top back to Create

new development strategy. Change

the name to ORAT + BHP. Select the

Well pressure production control

rule and change the Bottom hole

pressure (bar) limit to 138. Hit Ok.

The development strategies should

be stored in the Input pane under the

Development strategies folder.

Notice that we now have all the

necessary information to create our

simulation cases.

10.

Defining the simulation casesAt this point, save your project in

case have not done so yet, by going

to the File menu and choosing Save

project.

Double click the Define simulation

case process found under

Simulation in the Processes pane.

Give the case the name ORAT.

Inspect the Grid tab but do not make

any changes yet.

Switch to the Functions tab. We will

now drop in the relative

permeability, fluid and rock

compaction inputs we created

earlier. First, select Sand from the

input pane and drop it in via the blue

arrow as the Rel perms item.

Click the next item, Black oil fluid model, and drop in the initial condition No GOC from the input pane.


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Next, choose the final item, Rock compaction, and drop in the Consolidated sandstone function, also

from the Input pane.

Switch to the Strategies tab. Click the Append item in table button once and drop in the ORAT

development strategy. Click Apply. Now Export and Run the case by clicking the appropriate buttons,

Petrel will automatically load the results.


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Before we check on the results, we will create

two additional simulation cases. Still on the

Define simulation case dialog, toggle the upper

radio button to Create new and give it the name

ORAT_BHP. Change to the Strategies tab andreplace the ORAT strategy by ORAT + BHP.

Apply the changes, then Export and Run the

case.

We will create a final case building from

ORAT_BHP. Again, on the same Define

simulation case dialog, toggle the upper radio

button to Create new and give the case the

name ORAT_BHP_AQUIFER. Switch to the Grid

pane. Click the Append item in table button

and, on the row inserted, choose Aquifer,

which is the last item on the drop-down list.

Drop in Aquifer from the Models pane via the blue arrow. Apply the changes and then Export and Run

the case. After the case runs, close the dialog window.


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11. Visualizing the resultsOpen a new function window by selecting Window from the menu bar and clicking on New function

window. Different results are stored in the Results pane, and cases organized in the Cases pane. Try

activating the checkboxes to analyze different results such as Field Pressure and Field Oil Production

Rate.

As a final discussion, consider the effect of the aquifer as an energy provider to the system.

petrel - introduction to re through petrel - procedimento minicurso

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