petraiii status upgrade - desy

• Status of the accelerator

• Upgrade plans - PETRA IV

PETRA III - status and upgrade plans.

Rainer WanzenbergDESY - MPE -

SLAC visitOct 10 - 13, 2016

R. Wanzenberg | SLAC visit, Oct 10-13, 2016 | 2

PETRA - History

The PETRA ring was built in 1976 as an electron – positron colliderand was operated from 1978 to 1986 in this collider mode.

From 1988 to 2007 PETRA II was used as a pre-acceleratorfor the HERA lepton hadron collider ring.

ZeusH1

Hermes

Hera-B

p 40 GeV

e+- 12 GeV


PETRA as an e+ / e- collider

ConferenceBergen, June 1979:


PETRA II: 1988 - 2007

e+ or e-: 12 GeVp : 40 GeV

Linac IIPIADESY II

DORIS was operatedas a synchrotron lightsource until 2012(C = 289 m, E = 4.5 GeVεεεεx = 410 nm)


PETRA III – Construction of the Experimentall Hall

2007 – 2008: The PETRA ring has been converted into a synchrotron light facility.

One octant of the PETRA tunnel has been removed(photo Aug. 2007).


PETRA III in 2009

Hall NE

Hall E

Max von Laue Hall

Parameter PETRA III

Energy / GeV 6

Circumference /m 2304

Total current / mA 100

Emittance (horz. / vert.) /nm 1 / 0.01


PETRA III in 2014: Extension Project, two new halls

Implementation of the PETRA III extension: Feb 2014 – Feb 2015


The DESY site in 2016

Ada Yonath Hall (Extension Hall East) Naming ceremony Sep 14, 2016

Paul P. Ewald Hall (Extension Hall North)Max von Laue Hall

LINAC II PIA DESY II PETRA IIIC = 29 m, E =450 MeV C = 293 m, E = 6 GeV C = 2304 m, E = 6 GeV


PETRA III

Parameter PETRA IIIEnergy / GeV 6Circumference /m 2304Emittance (horz. / vert.) /nm 1.2 / 0.012Total current / mA 100Number of bunches 960 40Bunch population / 1010 0.5 12Bunch separation / ns 8 192

Damping Wigglers: B ~ 1.5 T, λλλλ = 0.2 m2 x 10 x 4 m = 80 mεεεεx: 5 nm 1.2 nm

Dispersion correction in the wiggler sections:Dx < 18 mm, D y < 5 mm


Dispersion correction

Wiggler

G.K. Sahoo et al., IPAC.10, THPD086

Horz. plane:combined orbit (u) + dispersion correction D u

R orbit response matrix,S dispersion response matrix

Vert. Dispersion:12 skew quads

horz. offset x = D x∆∆∆∆p/pgenerates vert. kick, whichcan be used to minimize thevert. dispersion


PETRA III – components

Wigglers

FODO Arc

RF Injection

Longt. Feedback

Undulators


Hybrid Lattice: DBA and FODO

Qx = 37.12, Qy = 30.27, Energy loss per turn: 5.1 MeV (1.3 MeV without wigglers)

FODO Arc: 14 cells (14.4 m)28 dipoles (28 mrad)L = 5.35 m

DBA octant: 8 cells (23 m)18 dipoles (43.3 mrad) + 5 canting dipoles ( 5 mrad)

L = 1 m L = 0.3 m


Lattice (cont.)

Extension, DBA like cells DBA octant: canted cell

DipolesL = 1 m

L = 0.5 m(canting)20 mrad

PDA 37 mrad

PDE 20 mrad

PDA 27 mrad

PDD 27 mrad

PDE 20 mrad

PDA 37 mradB = 0.8 … 1 TI ~ 450 A

5 mradPDC


Beamlines: Max von Laue Hall

Number ID Type Energy range (keV) Cell

P01 10 m U32 (2 x 5 m) 5 – 40

P02 2 m U23 20 – 100 1

P03 2 m U29 8 – 25 1

P04 4 m U65 (APPLE) 0.2 – 3.0 2

P05 2 m U29 8 – 50 3

P06 2 m U32 2.4 – 50 3

P07 (option

low beta)

4 m U19 (IV)

(pres. 2m)

50 – 300 4

P08 2 m U29 5.4 – 30 5

P09 2 m U32 2.4 – 50 5

P10 5 m U29 4 – 25 6

P11 2 m U32 8 – 35 7

P12 2 m U29 4 - 20 7

P13 2 m U29 5 – 35 8

P14 2 m U29 5 - 35 8

High βx

Low βx

High beta: ββββx = 20 m ββββy = 4 mLow beta : ββββx = 1.4 m ββββy = 4 m

Max von Laue Hall: 14 beam lines8 DBA cells ( length 23 m)

Apple PU 4

Undulator PU 10

Undulators PU 8 & PU 9

Beam size:~ 150 µµµµm x 6 µµµµm(high beta)

Orbitstability requirement:

submicron~ 0.6 µµµµm (vert.)


Fast Orbit Feedback

Digital system:Main Processing Unit

244 BPMs (Libera Electronics)

50 Fast Correctors (vert. + horz.)driven by Digital Power Amplifiers (DPA) (DC to 1 kHz, max. 20 A)

J. Klute, H.-Th. Duhme et al., DIPAC’11, MOPD76

Slow correctors:184 (+ 26) horz. + 194 vert.

Slow corrector

Fast corrector


Orbit stability – Quality factor

Position Quality= 100 % x

margin: 5 µµµµm (vert.)15 µµµµm (horz.)

90 % 0.5 µµµµm offset from ideal position (vert.)


New beam lines: Tentative time line

First beam

P65 X-ray absorption spectroscopy Oct. 2015

P64 X-ray absorption spectroscopy Spring 2016

P24 Chemical crystallography 2Q 2017

P21 High-energy X-ray materials science 2Q 2017

P22 Nano X-ray spectroscopy 2Q 2017

P23 Nano X-ray diffraction 2Q 2017

P66 Time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy t.b.d.

P61 High-energy X-ray eng. mat. sci. (HZG) LVP extreme conditions (DESY) 2018

P62 Small-angle X-ray scattering >2018

P63 t.b.c. -----P25 t.b.c -----

Phase 1P

hase 2P

hase 3


PETRA III Extension North

New Beam lines P64 and P65

Tue 8.9.15, first photon beams from PU64and PU65, 1 mA run

P 65 First experiments in Oct. 2015 scheduled user from June 2016

P 64 First experiments in May 2016

after a problem with the monochromater was solved


Satellite bunches

Timing mode with 40 Bunches, some experiments need a very good bunch purity (~ 10-9 … 10-8 )But there are satellite bunches generated in PETRA (2 ns and 4 ns) from the injector chain (125 MHz in PIA)

Measurement at beam line P01, July 31, 2015 13:45 h

Studies started Aug. 2015: satellite bunch clearingusing the Multibunchfeed back system

Ref.:Longt. bunch structure in the Photon FactoryT. Obina et al. NIM A 354 (1995) 204-214

Bunch Purity Measurements at PETRA IIIJ. Keil et al. IPAC 2016


Multi bunch feedback

||effrf

B

||

effxtot

0

21

/41

ZV

I

ZeE

I

sΩ=

= ⊥⊥

τ

πβ

ωτ

Required damping 1/ ττττ:Longt. 800 Hz or 1.25 msHorz. 1400 Hz;Vert. 1400 Hz or 0.7 msBandwidth 62.5 MHz(8 ns bunch spacing)

Sattelite bunch clearing:

longitudinal horizontal vertical

Ithres (mA) 7 6 6

1/ττττ (Hz) 35 50 60

Zeff 3.6 MΩ 45 MΩ/m 54 MΩ/m

Coupled bunch instabilities in PETRA:

→ powerful broadband feedback neccessary

PETRA III: 12 seven cell cavities which large par. shunt impedance

J. Klute, K. Balewski et al., DIPAC’11, TUPD81

Intensity dependent tune shift:

~ 1.6 kHz / mA (vert. Plane)40 Bunche mode: 2.5 mA bunch current

vert. Feedback can excite the low intensitysattelite bunches at their betatron tune


Clearing procedure: impact on beam line signals

User Run 2016: successful satellite bunch clearingusing the multi bunch feed back systemwith neglectable impact for the beam lines

automatic procedure at every top up injection

was development in close collaboration

withthe beam lines *), the feedback group, the softwaregroup, the Preaccelerators (DESY II, Linac, Pia)

Signal from beam line P10 (counts per second)drop by ~ 25 % is not acceptable for someexperiments. further optimization with reduced kick amplitude and sweep range (tune frequency range)

current

zoomsignal

*) Beam line P01: O. Leupold, H.-C. Wille


Emittance Diagnostics

North: interferometric measurementdipole radiation(originally set up for a bunchlength measurement)

Von Laue Hall:Diagnostic Beam Line

South East: new diagnostic station


Emittance Diagnostics in SE

South East: new diagnostic station


PETRA III Schedule: User Run, April 7 – Dec 22, 2016

Typical week: 168 h user run, Monday … Wednesday 7 h , Thursday 7 h … SundayWednesday: maintenance or short study period + Test run starting at ~ 20 h … 23 h

2016 Jan Feb March April May June July Aug. Sep. Okt. Nov. Dez.

1 Interlock Line MDT 1 MDT2 Test Set-up 2 MDT3 3 MDT4 Shut MDT/Test MDT 4 Service5 Down MDT/Run 5 Week6 MDT 6 MDT MDT7 Technical USER 7 MDT MDT MDT8 start up RUN MDT 8 Service9 9 Week MDT10 1011 MDT 1112 12 MDT13 MDT 13 MDT14 14 MDT Service MDT15 MDT MDT 15 MDT / Week16 MDT 16 Test17 MDT Service 17 Runs18 MDT Week 1819 MDT 19 MDT20 MDT MDT 20 MDT21 MDT 21 MDT MDT22 MDT MDT 22 MDT / 23 MDT 23 Test MDT Shut24 Beam 24 Runs Down25 Line MDT 2526 Set-Up 26 MDT27 MDT Service 27 MDT28 Week 28 MDT29 MDT 2930 MDT MDT 30 MDT31 Beam 31 MDT

95.2 %MTBF 37 h

Test Runs / Studies


P 24 Chemical crystallography

P 21 High-energy X-ray materials science

P 23 Nano diffraction

P 22 Nano spectroscopy

PETRA III: Beamlines in hall East – Further plans

Front end components for the photon beam lines P 22, 23, 24 have been installed in the East hall during the last shut down 2015/16.


Tentative schedule and plans 2017

Shut down 2017 Jan / Feb / March installation of a chicane in the straight section east preparation for the installation of an In Vacuum Undulator survey / realignment of the accelerator components installation of the undulators PU 22, 23 and 24 new coil configuration for PDE magnets

Shut down 2017 July / Aug installation of an new absorber in the wiggler section North

installed in 2015


PXE P21 4 m U21 (IV) 40 -150

2 m U29 52, 85, 100 P22 2 m U33 2.4 - 15 1 P23 2 m U32 5 - 35 1 P24 2 m U29 8, 15 - 44 2 P25 2PXN P61 10 x 4 m Wiggler 40 - 200 P62 1 P63 1 P64 2 m U33 4 - 44 2 P65 0.4 m U33 4 - 44 2 P66 Dipole 4 eV - 40 eV

front end components installed in 2015/16

2017: installation of undulators,realignment of accelerator components

2017: installation of a chicane,and front end components

2017 July: new absorber + front endcomponents


In-vacuum undulators


P01 10 m U32 (2 x 5 m) 5 – 40

P02 2 m U23 20 – 100 1

P03 2 m U29 8 – 25 1

P04 4 m U65 (APPLE) 0.2 – 3.0 2

P05 2 m U29 8 – 50 3

P06 2 m U32 2.4 – 50 3

P07 (option

low beta)

4 m U19 (IV)

(pres. 2m)

50 – 300 4

P08 2 m U29 5.4 – 30 5

P09 2 m U32 2.4 – 50 5

P10 5 m U29 4 – 25 6

P11 2 m U32 8 – 35 7

P12 2 m U29 4 - 20 7

P13 2 m U29 5 – 35 8

P14 2 m U29 5 - 35 8

High βx

Low βx

High beta: ββββx = 20 m ββββy = 4 mLow beta : ββββx = 1.4 m ββββy = 4 m

Max von Laue Hall: 14 beam lines8 DBA cells ( length 23 m)

PETRA III: 14 Beamlines in the Max von Laue Hall

Two in-vacuum undulators(One undulator for P21)

have been ordered

delivery of the first undulatoris scheduled for 2017

another one is foreseen for P07


PETRA

PETRA:

2007-2009 PETRA II PETRA III2014/15 PETRA III Extension2017 Extension Phase 2 + 3

>2025 Major Upgradetowards a diffractionlimited synchrotronradiation facilityPETRA IV

• Upgrade plans - PETRA IV


X –rays diffraction limit

uncertainty relation:

For photons:

intrinsic diffraction-limited emittance:

Beam emittance = intrinsic diffraction-limited emittance of the photons

Vertical emittance at PETRA III 10 … 20 pmcorresponds to diffraction-limited emittance hard X –Rays

0.126 nm … 0.251 nm or9.8 keV … 4.9 keV

Upgrade Plan:also achive a very small horizontal emittance (10 pm … 30 pm)


Upgrade plans (> 2025): PETRA IV

PETRA IV Parameter

Energy 5 GeV (4.5 – 6 GeV)

Current 100 mA (100 – 200 mA)

Number of bunches ~ 1000

Emittance horz. 20 pm rad (10 – 30 pm rad)

vert. 20 pm rad (10 – 30 pm rad)

Bunch length ~ 100 ps


PETRA IV - project preparation phase

Study group in theAccelerator Divisionwith threeworkpackages:

2.01 Lattice Design

2.02 Injectors

2.03 Technical design

PETRA IV Jan. Feb. März April Mai Juni Juli Aug. Sep. Okt. Nov . Dez.2016 Study group Studies

2017 LatticeDesign

2018 CDR

2019 TDR


Design Strategy

Lattice Design

Injectors

Technical design

scaling the ESRF cell PETRA IVfirst approach for a cell in the experimental halls

arc cells without undulators modified ESRF cell cell with phase advance of π π π π between sextupoles and

double twist in 4D-phase to enable chromatic corre ction in both planes

Design goal: dynamic acceptance sufficient for accu mulationor for the beam from the existing injector

Design goal: reuse the injector chain

studies to improve emittance investigation of the technical requirements to main tain operation until 2045 studies toward a new injector

Investigation of the technical limits and possibili tiesat an early stage before a lattice design is finali zed

magnet design: design studies of quads, combined fu nction magnets anddipoles with longitudinal gradient

girder design: investigation of concepts with new m aterials, studies of alignment and installation concepts


PETRA IV – lattice design studies

Scaling of the ESRF cell

length 26.374 m → 23.013 mfactor 0.91 applied to magnets anddrifts

bending angle 11.25° → 5°factor 0.44

rematching the opticphase advance betweensextupoles to maintain ∆µx=3π, ∆µy= π

several variantsa) βx= βy=1.8 m, Dx=0 m @ IDs

b) βx= 6.9 m βy=2.65 m (ESRF)

ESRF II

PETRA III

PETRA IV

arc geometryPETRA and ESRF


Scaled ESRF cell ( Dx > 0 @ IDs)

> Scaled length of all elements to the P3-cell length of 23 m and changed bending angle from 11.25 ° to 5° (also lo ng. gradient dipoles)

> εx = 8 pm·rad at 5 GeV, 11 pm·rad at 6 GeV

> But: dispersion bump is a factor of ~3 smaller→ sextupole strength ~3 times higher compared to ESR F!

0 5 10 15 200

5

10

15

20

Betafunctions [m]

-0.06

-0.05

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

Dispersion [m]


ESRF cell @ 6 GeV

Quadrupoles:

At the edges: ~50 T/m

Near center: ~85 T/m

In CF dipoles: ~34 T/m

Sextupoles:

~1700 T/m2

Octupoles:

~51000 T/m3

Comparison of Magnet Strength

Scaled ESRF cell @ 5 (6) GeV

> Quadrupoles:

At the edges: ~60 (72) T/m

Near center: ~100 (120) T/m

In CF dipoles: ~38 (46) T/m

> Sextupoles:

~4000 (4800) T/m2

> Octupoles:

?

Source: Orange Book ESRF UpgradeMagnet constraints at ESRF: g < 91 T/m, m < 4.3 kT/m2, o < 70 kT/m3

Magnets are shorter due to scaling→ less space for additional elements

Dispersion bump2.5 x smaller

Length scaling:26 m/23 m = 1.13


950 1000 1050 1100 11500

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Betafunctions [m]

-0.07

-0.06

-0.05

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

Dispersion [m]

Optics of Arcs

9 ESRF cells, 207 m, 45°

Matched to zero dispersion

~3.5 cm

~25 m


Parameter Value

Energy E 5 GeV

Tunes Qx, Qy 187.77 / 72.26

Circumference C 2348 m

Nat. Chromaticity ξx, ξy -394 / -212

Mom. Compaction factor α 1.2·10-4

Energy spread σE 0.56·10-3

Nat. Emittance ε0 9 pm·rad

Damping times τx,τy,τe 82, 121, 81 ms

Energy loss/turn ∆E 643 keV

Parameters of the scaled ESRF Lattice

-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8X [mm]

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Y [mm]

> 512 Turns, no errors

> εx = 9 pm·rad, βx = 21.4 m, βy = 20.9 m, Dx = 0 mm

> Physical aperture 20 mm

> Ax = (2.5 mm) 2 / 21.4 m = 0.29 mm·mrad

> Ay = (5 mm) 2 / 20.9 m = 1.2 mm·mrad


Phase space exchange solution

y <---> x

x <---> y

Exchange x y

SF SD

same cell type willcorrect horz. and vert.chromaticity in differentsections of the ring

∆φ∆φ∆φ∆φx=π=π=π=πSF SF

• Similar to Moebius scheme, with two phase space exchanges in the rings

• Allows non-interleaved sextupole scheme with π/π phase advance: large DA

Lattice design


Ring with a double twist, dynamic aperture

on momentum aperture ~ 4 mm mrad, or 20 mm at ββββ = 100 menergy acceptance ~ 2.4 %

Lattice Version 0 without undulator sections


Optics version 1 (with undulator insertions)

• arc cells with non interleaved sextupoles

• Scaled ESRF cells in two octants• extension halls not yet included• emittance ~ 20/20 pm (5 GeV)

Lattice Version 1combination:

not an optimal solutionsmall dynamic aperture

new undulator cell under development


Injectors

Design goal: reuse the injector chain

Linac IIS-Band Linace- e+ converter (presently not used)two guns (bombarder type + triode)

PIAaccumulator ring (designed for e+ operation)

DESY II 450 MeV 7 GeV, Emittance (6 GeV, PETRA III) ~ 350 nmIntensity: max. 2 x 1010, typical 1 x 1010

(for PETRA III top-up 40 bunch mode: 5 x 109

To maintain operation of the injector complex until 2045 requires certainlya careful review of all technical subsystem and the required investments.

Studies have started on the possibilities to improv e the DESY II emittance


DESY II emittance versus horz. tune (6 GeV)

NN

6 7 8 9 10 110

100

200

300

400

500

600

Qx

ε x / n

m*r

ad

large dispersion

working point withbest emittance~180 nm·rad

presently usedworking point320 nm·rad

localminimum~280 nm·rad

QF QD SFSD

optic

E = 6 GeVQy = 5.7

natural chromaticities at the 3 working points:

ξ ξ ξ ξ X=-7 ξ ξ ξ ξ X=-8 ξ ξ ξ ξ X=-17

The presently installed quad power supplies do not allowan operation at working point 3 with full energy.


Technical Design

Magnet design: collaboration with NIIEFA, Efremov i nstitute

Study of a dipole quadrupole magnet for PETRA IV

Strategy : Investigation of the technical limits and possibilitiesat an early stage before a lattice design is finali zed

auxiliary coil

main coil


Study of a dipole quadrupole for PETRA IV

Magnetic field B yx: 6 mm … 18 mm, y = 0,G = 46.6 T/m

First 2D simulations of a combined function magnet


Collaborations

Collaborations:

• ESRF: support with lattice data for ESRF upgrade

• Mikael Eriksson (Lund, MAX lab)has joined the PETRA IV project preparation as a ge neralist from June 2016

• Efremov institute - DESY collaboration: magnet design

• SLAC – DESY collaboration (meeting July 2016)support with lattice data for PEPX (SLAC-PUB-14785)

considered topics for a collaboration: lattice theory, impedance and collective effects

Collaborations are necessary to handle all the acti vities related to PETRA III and PETRA IV:


Thank you for your attention !

petraiii status upgrade - desy

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