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PRESENTATION ON PESHAWAR  

PRESENTED BY  

SOHAIL AHMAD  

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PESHAWAR: LOCATIONPESHAWAR: LOCATION

Peshawar is the Capital of the North West Frontier Province. Peshawar lies just west of the Bara River, a tributary of the Kabul River, near the Khyber Pass.

Peshawar is bounded by Afghanistan to the west and north, the territory of Jammu and Kashmir to the northeast, Punjab province to the southeast, and Balochistan province to the southwest.

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A major north-south road traverses the province, and an east-west railway runs from the Afghanistan border through Peshawar to Lahore in Punjab province. A major airport is located in Peshawar.

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POPULATION OF DISTRICT PESHAWARPOPULATION OF DISTRICT PESHAWAR(Source: 1998 District Census Reports of NWFP, Population Census (Source: 1998 District Census Reports of NWFP, Population Census

Organization Government of Pakistan, Islamabad)Organization Government of Pakistan, Islamabad)

DISTRICT WISE AREA AND POPULATION OF N.W.F.P., (1998 CENSUS) District

Area in sq-km

District as %

of NWFP

Position in

NWFP W.R.T Area

Population

(1998) census

District as

% of NWFP

Position in

NWFP W.R.T Population

Peshawar

1257

1.69

20th

2019118

11.38

Ist

AREA AND POPULATION BY SEX URBAN/RURAL, DENSITY AND

GROWTH RATE BY TEHSILS AND DISTRICTS OF NWFP, 1998 CENSUS Population 1998

District/ Tehsil

Area in Sq. K.M

Both sexes

Male

Female PESHAWAR DISTRICT

1257

2019118

1061101

958017

Peshawar

1257

2019118

1061101

958017

AREA AND POPULATION BY SEX URBAN/RURAL, DENSITY AND GROWTH RATE BY TEHSILS AND DISTRICTS OF NWFP, 1998 CENSUS

Urban

Rural

District/ Tehsil Both

Sexes

Male

Female

Both

Sexes

Male

Female

Density

Per Sq.Km

Annual Growth rate(%)

PESHAWAR DISTRICT

1036302

539200

497102

982816

521901

460915

1606

3.56

Peshawar

1036302

539200

497102

982816

521901

460915

1606

3.56

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PESHAWAR: HISTORYPESHAWAR: HISTORY

The Shahji-ki Dheri mounds, situated to the east, cover ruins of the largest Buddhist stupa in the subcontinent (2nd century AD), which attest the lengthy association of the town with Buddha and the religion founded about him. Once the capital of the ancient Buddhist kingdom of Gandhara, the city was known variously as Parasawara and Purusapura (town, or abode, of Purusa). Also called Begram, the present name, Peshawar (pesh awar, "frontier town"), is ascribed to Akbar, the Mughal emperor of India (1556-1605).

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In ancient times, the state of Ghandhara occupied the Vale of Peshawar and adjoining areas. This kingdom was important because of its strategic location at the eastern end of the Khyber Pass. Gandhara was annexed by the Persian Achaemenian Empire in the early 6th century BC and remained a Persian satrapy until 327 BC. The region then passed successively under Greek, Indian, Indo-Bactrian, Sakan, Parthian, and Kushan rule.

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Muslim rule was first brought to the region by the Turks, whose ruler, Sebüktigin, gained control of Peshawar in AD 988. His son, Mahmud of Ghazna, invaded northern India several times between 1001 and 1027 and brought a large area of the present province into the boundaries of his Ghaznavid empire. Beginning in the late 12th century, the region was held successively by the Ghurids, by various Muslim Afghan dynasties, and then by the Mughals. After the invasion of the Iranian ruler Nadir Shah in 1738, the territory remained under a loose form of Afghan Durrani rule. Beginning about 1818, invading Sikhs from the Punjab region of India increasingly secured control of the frontier territory until the coming of the British in 1849.

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The northwestern frontier areas were annexed to India by the British after the Second Sikh War of 1849. The territories thenceforth formed a part of the Punjab until the North-West Frontier Province was created in 1901. After Pakistan attained independence in 1947, the region continued to exist as a separate Pakistani province. The inhabitants of the tribal territories, the westernmost area along the Afghanistan border, are not subject to the Pakistani legal code, however. During the 1980s the province was inundated by Afghan refugees seeking asylum from the Soviet occupation of their country.

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PESHAWAR: CULTURAL HIGHLIGHTSPESHAWAR: CULTURAL HIGHLIGHTS

The Inner City of Peshawar (historically a Walled City) is quite lively.

Traditionally hospitable and serves as a meeting place for traders.

Meeting point for various lingual groups from all across the Province.

Culture reflected in mannerisms and food preferences.

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PESHAWAR: ARCHITECTURAL PESHAWAR: ARCHITECTURAL

HIGHLIGHTSHIGHLIGHTS

Khyber Pass. Fort of Peshawar known as Bala-Hisar (the High

Fort). Zaheer-ud-Din Babur crossed the Khyber Pass in

the Sixteen Century on his way from Kabul, and ordered to strengthen the Fort.

Presently Bala-Hisar fort houses headquarters of a prestigious Frontier Corps.

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The Mosque Mahabat Khan, Peshawar’s outstanding architecture legacy, in Jeweller’s Bazar was constructed by the Governor of Peshawar Mahabat Khan Mirza Lerharsib, in 1630 during the era of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jehan. The Mosque was desecrated and badly damaged by the Sikhs in early nineteen century and later when the fire broke out in 1898. The British renovated it for the first time and brought back some of its grandeur.

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Chowk Yadgar, is located in the amidst of wide and sprawling convergence point of different major roads and bazaars of the city. Commemorative square was originally named in the memory of British Colonel Hastings. In 1969, the square was dedicated to the heroes of 1965 Indo-Pakistan war.

Edward’s College was established in 1901 and named in the memory of famous administrative Sir Herbert Edward as missionary boarding school.

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The foundation of Islamia college was laid in 1911. The college has magnificent frontage facing Jamrud Road with its domes, kiosks and pinnacles rising above the green trees, which contrast sharply with red brick ornate building. The architectural taste is peculiarly of Mughal with a touch of colonial style. Three domed mosque adjacent to the college is also of artistic pleasure.

Cosmopolitan character of Qissa Khawani Bazaar-Piccadilly of Peshawar is lined with its traditional kehwa khanas, Tikka, Chapli Kabab and dry fruit shops along with modern show rooms of leather ware and bright coloured garments

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In a grand Victorian hall, the Peshawar Museum houses one of the world’s best collection of Gandhara art, including stupas depicting the Buddha’s stupa collection presents a clear picture of life of Peshawar Valley during first four centuries A.D. when Peshawar was the capital of a vast empire. Handicrafts, tools and cloths of different tribes in the ethnological portion in the museum are also interesting and throw light on the cultural heritage of the region

SONEHRI MASJIDSONEHRI MASJID

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QILLA BALAHISARQILLA BALAHISAR

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ISLAMIA COLLEGE ISLAMIA COLLEGE

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KHYBER PASSKHYBER PASS

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