perspective and regulatory framework on peri urban issues_dr. mahendra subba
DESCRIPTION
Urban Environmental Planning and Infrastructure Development: Perspectives and Regulatory Frameworks of Government of Nepal- Dr. Mahendra Subba, DDG, Department of Urban Development, Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, Government of NepalTRANSCRIPT
Perspective and Regulatory Framework
on Peri-Urban Issues and
Water Security
Mahendra SubbaDepartment of Urban Development and Building
Construction (DUDBC)
Organization of the presentation
Context
Urbanization trend
IssuesIssues
Responses
Gaps
A way forward
23.7%
19.7%19.7%
29.5%
12.7%
14.4%
Kathmandu Valley
Total
25
30
35
40P
op
ula
tio
n i
n m
illio
n
Total
Urbanization level
Urban
28%
0
5
10
15
20
Po
pu
lati
on
in
mill
ion
Urban
14%
2001 2021
Distribution of urban population
Hill-mountain
18 %Tarai
39 %
East
22 %
Far West
9 %Mid West
8 %
Inner Tarai
12 %
Kathmandu
Valley
31 %
Central
47 %
West
14 %
Ecological Region-wise Development Region-wise
17,09,377
Urban Growth Scenario
based on municipal population projection until 2021
Population in 2001
Projected Population until 2021
Existing Road
Proposed Road
Under Construction Road
Kathmandu
Metropolis
6,71,846
Biratnagar
1,66,674
2,76,328
Dhangadhi
67,447
1,53,280
Nepalganj
57,535
83,339
Pokhara
1,56,412
4,20,307
Butwal
75,384
2,18,704
Birgunj
1,12,484
2,99,024
Critical Issues
Haphazard
urbanization:
Urban form
of the KTM of the KTM
Valley
1994-2000
Singhadurbar 1967-2000: Encroached river system
Ecological impact on river system and
water quality
Southern fringe of Patan 1967-2000:Urban sprawl and depleting agricultural landDecline from 64% to 42% of the total area
(66,655 hectares) during 1984-2000
Proliferation
of brick
industries:
one of the
factors factors
behind
agricultural
land
conversion
40
80
120
160
Nu
mb
er o
f la
nd
par
cels
fra
gm
ente
dLand
fragmentation
hastens
transformation
process
Land
fragmentationin VDCs of Lalitpur
(1991)
0
0-8
0
80
-12
7
12
7-2
54
25
4-5
08
50
8-1
01
6
10
16
-15
24
15
24
-20
32
20
32
-25
40
25
40
-50
80
50
80
-76
20
76
20
-10
16
0
10
16
0-1
27
00
12
70
0-
Area of land parcels in sqm
Nu
mb
er o
f la
nd
par
cels
fra
gm
ente
d
Before fragmentation After fragmentation
Backlog of services:Urban households without basic facilities
Services % households without access
Piped drinking water
46.3 %
Sanitary system 45.6 %Sanitary system 45.6 %
Garbage disposal 55.0 %
Electricity 12.6 %
Telephone 68.1 %
Source: CBS 2004, Nepal Living Standard Survey
Urban households by source of
drinking water (2001)
40
50
60
70
% o
f h
ou
seh
old
s
0
10
20
30
40
Piped water Well Tube well Spout water Rivers/stream Others
% o
f h
ou
seh
old
s
Source of drinking water
Pipe-water facility at KMC
Planning permit issued by KVTPIC: Organized housing emerging user of groundwater
15
20
25
Nu
mb
er Apartment housing
0
5
10
15
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Nu
mb
er Apartment housing
Land development
Group housing
Responses: Policy and Plan
National Urban Policy, 2007
Long-term
Development
Concept of the
Kathmandu
Valley:
Urban RuralDelineation Line/Land Classification
Urban Drinking Water
and Sanitary Policy, 2009
• Preservation of water source and
catchment areascatchment areas
• Promotion of rain water harvesting
Periodic plan/municipal plan
• Internalization of national policies in
municipal plan and actions through
Environmental Management PlanEnvironmental Management Plan
National Adaptation Program of
Action on CC (NAPA) (Draft)
• Conservation of water bodies/source
• Rain water harvesting and recharge• Rain water harvesting and recharge
• Conservation of potential recharge areas
• Treatment and reclamation of waste water
Groundwater management and
Regulation Policy (Draft)
• Control the life and quality of groundwater
Investment/Projects
• Urban Environment Improvement Projects
(UEIP) underway in 12 municipalities and 3
more municipalities in pipeline (US$ 200 m)
RBTP in Hetauda (R) and
Overhead tank in Bharatpur (L)
Investment/Projects
• Rainwater Harvesting Demonstration Programs underway in 4 municipalities and having program to proliferate all over the country
• Annual programs to install Rain Water Harvesting System in existing Government buildings
Demonstrative rain water
harvesting facility
DUDBC, Kathamandu Kirtipur
Demonstrative rain water
harvesting facility
Ilam
Dharan
Investment/Projects
Eco-city programs for restoration of water bodies and maintaining greenery in cities
Act, Regulation and Guidelines
• Town Development Act, 1988
• Local Self-Governance Act, 1998 and Regulations, 1999
• Environment Protection Act, 1996 and Regulations, 1997
• Environment Protection Act, 1996 and Regulations, 1997
• Building Regulations
• Rain Water Harvesting Guidelines, 2009
• Urban Environment Management Guidelines (draft)
Limitation and Gaps
Ministry of Local
Development
Ministry of Physical
Planning and Works
Fragmented institutional arrangement: Leading to weak coordination and
enforcement
District
Development
Committee
Municipality
Village Development
Committee
Kathmandu Valley
Town Development
Committee
TDIC
Kathmandu
TDIC
Lalitpur
TDIC
Bhaktapur
DUDBC/
Others
Regional agency like KVTDC suffer from inadequate institutional arrangement
Source: KVTDC
Human
resource of
KVTDC is ill
designed to
Personnel Number
Technical 13
Gazetted 7
Non-gazetted 6designed to
oversee and
manage
growth
Non-gazetted 6
Administrative 108
Total 121
Policy inconsistency Long-term Development
Concept
Land-Use Zoning Map
2002 2007
A Way Forward
• Delineate urban and rural land to preserve agricultural land, forest land, and water bodies
• Enforce zoning or environment performance standards and land subdivision to control land use
A Way Forward:
• Maintain greeneries and (re)plantation—and promote eco-city program
• Promote Green Building Technology and • Promote Green Building Technology and Materials to reduce ecological footprints
A Way Forward:
• Promote rain water harvesting and recharge
• Foster institutional provisions having regional orientation but local
• Foster institutional provisions having regional orientation but local empowerment and pro-activism
Thank you !Thank you !