personality presentation master copy
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It is the sum total of ways in which anindividual reacts to and interacts with others.
The dynamic organisation within the
individual of those psychophysical systemsthat determine his unique adjustments to hisenvironmentGordon Allport
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Personality can be measured with the help ofpersonality tests. Scores of these tests help incarrying out the analysis.
The tests can be: 1) self report surveys ,(2)observer-ratings survey
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Self Report Surveys :Most common method.They work well when well constructed. Oneweakness is that the respondent might lie or
might not give accurate answers. Observer-ratings Surveys: Provide an
independent assessment of personality.Research has suggested that these tests are
more accurate in their measurement.
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The factors which determine personality can bebroadly classified as:
1)Biological factors
2)Family and Social factors
3)Cultural factors
4)Situational factors
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Biological Factors:
Heredity: Research suggests personality traitscan be transmitted through genes with
genetically related individuals exhibitingsimilar behaviour. Example : identical twins
Physical features: Contribute some influence onpersonality because it will influence others andin turn affect self-concept.
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Family and Social Factors:
1) Home Environment :A critical factor mainlyrelating to the upbringing of a child.
2)Family Members: Strong influence onpersonality development. Study by Newcombshows high correlation between attitudes ofparents and children.
3)Social Groups: Social placement of family andagents outside home.
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Cultural Factors: Every culture trains itsmembers to behave in the ways that arebefitting to the group. Culture determines the
values and characteristics which will be learntand practised.
Situational Factors: A situation exerts animportant press on an individual. It exercises
constraints and may provide push.
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It is the most widely used personalityassessment test. A 100 question test which askspeople how they feel or act usually in aparticular situation.
On the basis of answers individuals areclassified as extraverted or introverted(E orI),sensing or intuitive(S or N),thinking orfeeling(T or F) and judging or perceiving (J orP).
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Extraversion IntroversionInterest Orientation
E ITalkative,Sociable,
Friendly,Outspoken
Shy,
Reserved,
Quiet.
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Sensing Intuition
Perception
S NOrganized,Practical,
Focus Detail.
Less Regular,
Unconscious,
Focus BigPicture
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Thinking Feeling
Judgment
T FReliability oflogical order cause and
effect.
Prioritiesbased onpersonal
importanceand values,Sympathy
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Judging Perceiving
Judgment
J PWant control,order andstructure
Flexible,
Spontaneous.
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Extroversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Emotional stability Openness to Experience
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Extraversion: Comfort level with relationships.
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness: Measure of reliability
Emotional Stability: Ability to withstand stress
Openness to Experience: Range of interests.
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Trait Relevance What does it affect
EmotionalStability
Extraversion
Openness
Agreeableness
Conscientiousne
ss
Less negativethinking &
hypervigilance
Better interpersonalskills & socialdominance
Higher job &lifesatisfaction
Higher performance& enhancedleadership
Increased learning,flexibility and
creativity
More adaptable tochange
Better likedMore compliant
More drive and
discipline
Lower levels ofdeviant behaviors
Higher performance
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Core Self-evaluation
Machiavellianism
Narcissism
Self-Monitoring
Risk Taking
Type A & B personality
Proactive personality
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People possessing positive self core evaluationlike & see themselves as effective, capable andin control.
Those with negative core self-evaluation tendto dislike themselves, question theircapabilities and see themselves as powerless.
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HIGH MACS are:
Pragmatic Maintains emotional distance Believes that ends can justify the means Manipulate more Win more Persuaded less Persuade others more
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In psychology, narcissism describes a personwho has a grandiose sense of self importance,requires excessive admiration and is arrogant.
Narcissists want to gain admiration of othersand receive affirmation of their superiority.
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Ability to adjust ones behavior to external situationalfactors
Capable of presenting striking contradictions between
their public persona & private self
Tend to pay closer behavior of others & more capableof conforming than low self monitoring
Capable of putting different faces for differentaudiences
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People differ in their willingness to takechances, a trait that affects the speed ofdecision making.
High risk taking managers made more rapiddecisions and used less information than didthe low risk taking managers.
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Type A exhibit following characteristics:
Doing things rapidly
Impatient with the pace of things happening
Strive to multitask
Are obsessed with measuring their success.
Type B never feel urgency of time, impatience
relax without guilt are some of the traits.
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People actively taking the initiative to improvetheir current circumstances or create new onescan be called proactive.
People with such personality identifyopportunities, show initiatives, take action andpersevere until meaningful change occurs
compared to others who passively respond tosituations.
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