ANNAI ALAMELU ANNAI ALAMELU PSYCHOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL

SOLUTION CCENTER SOLUTION CCENTER ERODEERODE

WELCOMES UWELCOMES U

PERSONALITYPERSONALITY

CONCEPT,MEANING AND CONCEPT,MEANING AND NATURENATURE

Etymologically the word ‘PERSONALITY’ Etymologically the word ‘PERSONALITY’ derived from LATIN word PERSONA which derived from LATIN word PERSONA which means mask or make up or cover through means mask or make up or cover through which an actor plays his role on the stage.which an actor plays his role on the stage.

Criticism emphasis on outward appearance Criticism emphasis on outward appearance and observable behavior gives very limited and observable behavior gives very limited understanding of the individual to whom we understanding of the individual to whom we are observing.are observing.

DEFINITIONDEFINITION WATSON “Personality is the sum of activities that can be WATSON “Personality is the sum of activities that can be

discovered by actual observation over along enough period of discovered by actual observation over along enough period of time to give reliable informationtime to give reliable information

GUILFORD ‘Personality is the unique pattern of traits which GUILFORD ‘Personality is the unique pattern of traits which distinguishes one individual from another’distinguishes one individual from another’

EYSENCK ‘PERSONALITY IS THE SUM TOTAL OF EYSENCK ‘PERSONALITY IS THE SUM TOTAL OF ACTUAL BEHAVIOUR PATTERNS OF THE ACTUAL BEHAVIOUR PATTERNS OF THE ORGANISM’. PERSONALITY IS THE MORE OR LESS ORGANISM’. PERSONALITY IS THE MORE OR LESS STABLE AND ENDURING ORGANAISATION OF A STABLE AND ENDURING ORGANAISATION OF A PERSON’S CHARACTER,TEMPERAMENT ,INTELLECT PERSON’S CHARACTER,TEMPERAMENT ,INTELLECT AND PHYSIUQQUE, WHICH DETERMINE HIS UNIQUE AND PHYSIUQQUE, WHICH DETERMINE HIS UNIQUE ADJESTNMENT TO THE ENVIRONMENT.ADJESTNMENT TO THE ENVIRONMENT.

CATTELL ‘personality is that which permits a prediction of CATTELL ‘personality is that which permits a prediction of what a person will do in a given situation’what a person will do in a given situation’

DEFINITIONDEFINITION

MUNN “Personality may be defined as the MUNN “Personality may be defined as the most characteristic integration of an most characteristic integration of an individual’s structure,modes of individual’s structure,modes of behaviour,interest, attitudes, capacites, behaviour,interest, attitudes, capacites, abilities and aptitudes”abilities and aptitudes”

Behaviour requires integarationBehaviour requires integaration Integration of various traits is found differently Integration of various traits is found differently

in different personsin different persons

DEFINITIONDEFINITION GARDON ALLPORT, ‘Personality is the dynamic GARDON ALLPORT, ‘Personality is the dynamic

organization within the individual, of those psycho-organization within the individual, of those psycho-physical systems that determine his unique physical systems that determine his unique adjustment to his environment.’adjustment to his environment.’

Dynamic means that personality is undergoing a constant change and not Dynamic means that personality is undergoing a constant change and not static fixed permanentstatic fixed permanent

Organization means interaction between inherited potentialities (heredity) Organization means interaction between inherited potentialities (heredity) and environmental influences habits dispositions attitudesand environmental influences habits dispositions attitudes

Psycho physical internal and external Psycho physical internal and external Determine psycho physical system that activates the organism for action or Determine psycho physical system that activates the organism for action or

regulate various behaviorregulate various behavior Each individual employs different methods of adjustment resulting in Each individual employs different methods of adjustment resulting in

unique adjustmentunique adjustment We can conclude personality is unique and different from one to anotherWe can conclude personality is unique and different from one to another

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONALITYPERSONALITY

Unique and specific Unique and specific Dyanamic and moving force never fixed and rigidDyanamic and moving force never fixed and rigid Includes all the behavior pattern i.e.cognative ,conative,and affective and Includes all the behavior pattern i.e.cognative ,conative,and affective and

cover conscious semi consciouc and un conscover conscious semi consciouc and un cons Personality has a structure. It consists of certain dimensions. It’s the Personality has a structure. It consists of certain dimensions. It’s the

combination of inner as well as outer qualities of an individual combination of inner as well as outer qualities of an individual Personality cannot be judged by only looking at his physical appearance Personality cannot be judged by only looking at his physical appearance

rather it is the study of totality,rather it is the study of totality, It’s the combination of id ego and super egoIt’s the combination of id ego and super ego Total quality of behaviour attitudes interest capacities aptitudes and Total quality of behaviour attitudes interest capacities aptitudes and

behaviour pattetrnbehaviour pattetrn Is the product of Heredity and environment the development of Is the product of Heredity and environment the development of

personality is the result of continuous interaction of bothpersonality is the result of continuous interaction of both

DETERMINANTS OF DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITYPERSONALITY

BIOLOGICALBIOLOGICAL SOCIALSOCIAL DUCTLESS GLANDSDUCTLESS GLANDS PHYSIQUEPHYSIQUE

BODYCHEMISTRYBODYCHEMISTRY

DUCTLESS GLANDSDUCTLESS GLANDS ““PANCRASPANCRAS

THYROIDTHYROID

ADRENAL GLANDADRENAL GLAND

GONADSGONADS

PITUITARYPITUITARY

““PANCRASPANCRAS

““PANCREAS SEND INSULIN TO THE PANCREAS SEND INSULIN TO THE BLOOD BLOOD

SUGAR DEPENDS UPON INSULINSUGAR DEPENDS UPON INSULIN DEFICIECY OF SUGAR MENTAL DEFICIECY OF SUGAR MENTAL

POWWER WEAKENED POWWER WEAKENED PERSONALITY LESS BALANCED MOOD PERSONALITY LESS BALANCED MOOD

CHANGED FEAR INCREASESCHANGED FEAR INCREASES

THYROIDTHYROID

DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL STRUCTUES AS DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL STRUCTUES AS WELL AS MENTAL DEVELOPMENTWELL AS MENTAL DEVELOPMENT

ABSENT SINCE THE VERY BIRTH THE ABSENT SINCE THE VERY BIRTH THE INTELLECT OF THE CHILD DOES NOT INTELLECT OF THE CHILD DOES NOT OMPROVEOMPROVE

MYXOEDEMA LAZINESS MEMORY WEAK MYXOEDEMA LAZINESS MEMORY WEAK EXCESS HIGHT TENSIONS INSTABILITY EXCESS HIGHT TENSIONS INSTABILITY

ADRENAL GLANDADRENAL GLAND

ADRENALINE ADRENALINE SEXUAL TRAITS IN MEN OR WOMENSEXUAL TRAITS IN MEN OR WOMEN FEMININE VOICEFEMININE VOICE EMERGENCY ACT R BP EMERGENCY ACT R BP ADDISON’ S DISEASE ENTIRE ABSENSE ADDISON’ S DISEASE ENTIRE ABSENSE

OF ADRENALINE WEAKNESS OF ADRENALINE WEAKNESS LETHARGY SEX INTERESET LETHARGY SEX INTERESET DISAPPEAR BLOCK SKIN LOEW RESIST DISAPPEAR BLOCK SKIN LOEW RESIST TOHEAD COLD TOHEAD COLD

PITUITARYPITUITARY Front part of the pituitary gland increase the activity of other Front part of the pituitary gland increase the activity of other

glandsglands Back part control bp and metabolim of waterBack part control bp and metabolim of water Physical growthPhysical growth Excess 7 to 9 ftn inactive die early ageExcess 7 to 9 ftn inactive die early age If deficient period of develop midget iinteiiect normal If deficient period of develop midget iinteiiect normal Normal during develop afteer hih hands feet nose knoNormal during develop afteer hih hands feet nose kno phyde differences of opinions regardFRONTing a particular phyde differences of opinions regardFRONTing a particular

definition of the term educational technologydefinition of the term educational technology Analytical methods of psychology of learning and teaching to Analytical methods of psychology of learning and teaching to

the audio-visual communication and mass media technologythe audio-visual communication and mass media technology

GONADSGONADS

of Sex hormones-increaseeeeeeeeeeeeee sex of Sex hormones-increaseeeeeeeeeeeeee sex interestinterest

Man- high pitch in voiceMan- high pitch in voice Female-development mammary glands Female-development mammary glands

mensus,pregnancy and maternal behaviourmensus,pregnancy and maternal behaviour

PHYSIQUEPHYSIQUE

Physical structurePhysical structure Fat men easy going and socialFat men easy going and social Thin persons –self controled ,irritated Thin persons –self controled ,irritated

and unsocialand unsocial

BODYCHEMISTRYBODYCHEMISTRY

The chemical elements some reach the body The chemical elements some reach the body from out side –some are created in the body from out side –some are created in the body itselfitself

Drugs, intoxicating drugsDrugs, intoxicating drugs drunkarddrunkard deficiency of different vitaminsdeficiency of different vitamins Increase or decrease of the quantity of sugar, Increase or decrease of the quantity of sugar,

sex, intelligence ,ervous system sex, intelligence ,ervous system

SOCIAL SOCIAL DETERMINANTSDETERMINANTS

INFLUENCE OF INFLUENCE OF HOMEHOME ON ON PERSONALITYPERSONALITY

INFLUENCE OF INFLUENCE OF SCHOOLSCHOOL ON ON PERSONALITYPERSONALITY

INFLUENCE OF INFLUENCE OF SOCIETYSOCIETY ON ON PERSONALITYPERSONALITY

INFLUENCE OF HOME ON INFLUENCE OF HOME ON PERSONALITYPERSONALITY

IN THE FAMILY THE RELATION OF CHILD WITH PARENT IS THE MOST IN THE FAMILY THE RELATION OF CHILD WITH PARENT IS THE MOST INTIMATE.THE CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD IS INTIMATE.THE CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD IS VERYMUCH INFLUENCED BY BEHAVIOUR OF THE PARENTS EG CHILD VERYMUCH INFLUENCED BY BEHAVIOUR OF THE PARENTS EG CHILD BROUGHT UP IN INDIAN FAMILY AND WESTERN FAMILYBROUGHT UP IN INDIAN FAMILY AND WESTERN FAMILY

SAME CULTURE MUCH DIFFERENCE OBSERVED IN THE PARENT CHILD SAME CULTURE MUCH DIFFERENCE OBSERVED IN THE PARENT CHILD RELATION SHIP LACK OF LOVE AND AFFECTION-REPRESSION RELATION SHIP LACK OF LOVE AND AFFECTION-REPRESSION INTROVERT DAY DREAMS INTROVERT DAY DREAMS

IN A FAMILY PARENTS SHOW EXCESSIVE AFFECTION-EXCESSIVELY IN A FAMILY PARENTS SHOW EXCESSIVE AFFECTION-EXCESSIVELY DEPENDENTDEPENDENT

EXCESSIVELY IGNORED-CONFLICTSEXCESSIVELY IGNORED-CONFLICTS PARENTS IDEALS IDENTIFICATIONPARENTS IDEALS IDENTIFICATION CHILD HAS NATURAL CURIOSITY TOWARDS THE SEX TENDENCY CHILD HAS NATURAL CURIOSITY TOWARDS THE SEX TENDENCY

PARENTS SUPPRESS SERVANTS FRIENDS GUILTY CONSCIENCE.PARENTS SUPPRESS SERVANTS FRIENDS GUILTY CONSCIENCE. ALFRED ADLER BIRTH ORDERYOUNGER CHILD TREATED WITH ALFRED ADLER BIRTH ORDERYOUNGER CHILD TREATED WITH

AFFECTION –OVER DEPENDENTAFFECTION –OVER DEPENDENT

INFLUENCE OF INFLUENCE OF SCHOOLSCHOOL ON ON PERSONALITYPERSONALITY

TEACHER AND CLASS FELLOWS TEACHER AND CLASS FELLOWS MOULD PERSONALITYMOULD PERSONALITY

CHILD TENDS TO IDENTIFY HIMSELF CHILD TENDS TO IDENTIFY HIMSELF WITH THE TEACHERAND TRIES TO WITH THE TEACHERAND TRIES TO IMITATE HIS WAYS MANNERS AND IMITATE HIS WAYS MANNERS AND PERSONALITY TRAITSPERSONALITY TRAITS

INFLUENCE OF INFLUENCE OF SOCIETYSOCIETY ON ON PERSONALITYPERSONALITY

THERE IS CONSTANT INTERACTION THERE IS CONSTANT INTERACTION BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL AND BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCITY AND THIS INTERACTION SOCITY AND THIS INTERACTION MOULDS THE PERSONALITY OF THE MOULDS THE PERSONALITY OF THE INDIVIDUALSINDIVIDUALS

TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATIONTECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION

ET CAN PROVIDE ITS SERVICE TO THE ET CAN PROVIDE ITS SERVICE TO THE TEACHERS LIKE BELOWTEACHERS LIKE BELOW

PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF APPLIANCES,EQUIPMENTS,AND FORMS OF APPLIANCES,EQUIPMENTS,AND AUDIO VISUAL ,MASS MEDIAAUDIO VISUAL ,MASS MEDIA

TRAINING TO HANDLE THIS MATTERIALTRAINING TO HANDLE THIS MATTERIAL APPLY TO INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP TEACHAPPLY TO INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP TEACH

CLASSIFICATION OF CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONALITYPERSONALITY

THE TYPE THEORIESTHE TYPE THEORIES THE TEAIT APPROACH THE TEAIT APPROACH TYPE CUM TRAIT APPROACHTYPE CUM TRAIT APPROACH PSYCHO SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT PSYCHO SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

THEORYTHEORY PSYCHO SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PSYCHO SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

THEORYTHEORY

THE TYPE APPROACHTHE TYPE APPROACH

WE can predict about the personality of the WE can predict about the personality of the individual on the basis of their physical individual on the basis of their physical characteristics characteristics

HIPPOCRATESHIPPOCRATES SHELDONSHELDON KRESTCHMERKRESTCHMER JUNGJUNG

HIPPOCRATESHIPPOCRATES

According to Hippocrates the human body consists of four According to Hippocrates the human body consists of four types of fluids .i.e. blood yellow bile, mucus and black bile. types of fluids .i.e. blood yellow bile, mucus and black bile. The predominance of one of these four types of fluids in one’s The predominance of one of these four types of fluids in one’s body gives him unique characteristics leading to a particular body gives him unique characteristics leading to a particular type of personalitytype of personality

Blood sanguine active hopeful Blood sanguine active hopeful

Yellow bile choleric irritable, angry Yellow bile choleric irritable, angry

Mucus phelegmatic cold,calm Mucus phelegmatic cold,calm

Black bile melancholic depressed,Black bile melancholic depressed,

KRESTCHMERKRESTCHMER

E.Krestschmer a german psychiatrist classified human beings E.Krestschmer a german psychiatrist classified human beings

on the basis of physsical structure , and attempted to establish on the basis of physsical structure , and attempted to establish relationship between personality characteristics and body typerelationship between personality characteristics and body type

PYKNIC ( Fat bodies) Sociable, easy going and PYKNIC ( Fat bodies) Sociable, easy going and popularpopular

ASTHENIC (Lean ans thin) Unsociable, Reserve, ASTHENIC (Lean ans thin) Unsociable, Reserve, sensitive, shysensitive, shy

ATHLETIC (balanced body) Energitic and adjustableATHLETIC (balanced body) Energitic and adjustable DYSPLASTIC (mixed type) Good naturedDYSPLASTIC (mixed type) Good natured

W. H. SHELDON W. H. SHELDON CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION

Sheldon classified all human beings on the Sheldon classified all human beings on the basis of temperament besides the physical basis of temperament besides the physical structure.structure.

ENDOMRPHIC (soft and round) love ENDOMRPHIC (soft and round) love comfort and food, sociable, affectionatecomfort and food, sociable, affectionate

MESOMORPHIC (muscular and strong) MESOMORPHIC (muscular and strong) energitic, clear and risk takerenergitic, clear and risk taker

ECTOMORPHIC (thin and tall) fearful, ECTOMORPHIC (thin and tall) fearful, withdrawing, reserved withdrawing, reserved

CARL JUNG CLASSIFICATIONCARL JUNG CLASSIFICATIONSWISS PSYCHIATRISTSWISS PSYCHIATRIST

The most important personality classification done by Jung on the basis of The most important personality classification done by Jung on the basis of sociability he has accepted two types of people- extroverts and introvertssociability he has accepted two types of people- extroverts and introverts

Extroverts-these people more interest in others and like to mix with people Extroverts-these people more interest in others and like to mix with people of similar temperaments. They are realistic and face problems of life of similar temperaments. They are realistic and face problems of life objectively and are always ready to take part –traders ,players, actors, objectively and are always ready to take part –traders ,players, actors, social and political leaderssocial and political leaders

Introverts – as the name suggests ,the mental tendencies of those people Introverts – as the name suggests ,the mental tendencies of those people are directed ,not outward to people around them, but rather inwards to are directed ,not outward to people around them, but rather inwards to themselves. of social activity around themthemselves. of social activity around them

Self centered they are busy in their thoughts and they try to impress others Self centered they are busy in their thoughts and they try to impress others only by their thouhts.scientist ,philosophers and poet only by their thouhts.scientist ,philosophers and poet

ambivertsambiverts

Differences between introverts and Differences between introverts and extrovertsextroverts

EXTROVERTS INTROVERTSEXTROVERTS INTROVERTS Turned to others turned to themselvesTurned to others turned to themselves Emotion predominates thought predominatesEmotion predominates thought predominates Quick determination take some timeQuick determination take some time Quick action decision delayed action on decisionQuick action decision delayed action on decision Skilled in behavior unskilled in behaviorSkilled in behavior unskilled in behavior Pay attention to the present to the futurePay attention to the present to the future Prefer work to thought prefer thought to workPrefer work to thought prefer thought to work Realists idealistsRealists idealists Like Like Objective outlook subjective out lookObjective outlook subjective out look

THE TRAIT THEORYTHE TRAIT THEORY

TRAIT -IS A QUALITY OR CHARATERISTICS TRAIT -IS A QUALITY OR CHARATERISTICS MODE OF BEHAVIOUR WHICH IS MODE OF BEHAVIOUR WHICH IS CONSISTENTLY SEEN IN AN INDIVIDUAL’S CONSISTENTLY SEEN IN AN INDIVIDUAL’S BEHAVIOUR OVER APERIOD OF TIMEBEHAVIOUR OVER APERIOD OF TIME

CHEERFULNESS IS A TRAIT CHERRFUL MAN CHEERFULNESS IS A TRAIT CHERRFUL MAN CONSISTENLY CHEERFUL OVER LONG CONSISTENLY CHEERFUL OVER LONG PERIOD OF TIME IN VARIED SITUATIONSPERIOD OF TIME IN VARIED SITUATIONS

THE CLUSTER OF CHARACTERISTICS IS A THE CLUSTER OF CHARACTERISTICS IS A TRAITTRAIT

PROPERTIES OF TRAITPROPERTIES OF TRAIT

SCALABILITY QUANTITATIVELYSCALABILITY QUANTITATIVELY INFERENCE FROM BEHAVIOURINFERENCE FROM BEHAVIOUR FLEXIBILITY ;TRIT ARE NOT STATIC. THEY FLEXIBILITY ;TRIT ARE NOT STATIC. THEY

BECOME STABLE WITH MATURITY BECOME STABLE WITH MATURITY VARIABILITY ALWAYSVARIABILITY ALWAYS

UNIVERSALITYUNIVERSALITY FUNCTIONAL UNITFUNCTIONAL UNIT TRAITS ARE HIGHER ORDER HABITS AND TRAITS ARE HIGHER ORDER HABITS AND

MENTAL SETS REDINESS CONSISTSENTMENTAL SETS REDINESS CONSISTSENT

THEORY IN TRAIT APPROACHTHEORY IN TRAIT APPROACH

RB CATTELL’S CLASSIFICATIONRB CATTELL’S CLASSIFICATION H.J.EYSENCK’S CLASSIFICATIONH.J.EYSENCK’S CLASSIFICATION G.W.ALLPORTS TRAIT THEORYG.W.ALLPORTS TRAIT THEORY

RB CATTELL’S RB CATTELL’S CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION

OF TRAIT THEORY OF OF TRAIT THEORY OF PERSONALITYPERSONALITY COMMON TRAITSCOMMON TRAITS

UNIQUE TRAITS UNIQUE TRAITS SURFACE TRAITSSURFACE TRAITS SS SOURCE TRAITSSS SOURCE TRAITS

PROPERTIES OF TRAITSPROPERTIES OF TRAITS

USE OF ET IN INDIAUSE OF ET IN INDIA

BEFORE 60 S THE TERM ET WAS ALMOST UNKNOWN TO EDU SYSTEM

EARLY 60 ET IN PROGRAMMED LEARNING

RADIO FOR BROAAD CASTING TV INSTRUCTION DISTANCE EDU