PERSONALITY

CONTENTSIntroduction Theories of Personality Determinants Of Personality Other Personality TraitsBehaviour Consistency Johari WindowHollands Theory of Job –FitBig Five Model Personality TraitsTests – Personality

PLAN OF ACTION - poa

• New exercise to understand your personality

• Online personality test – students have to go to the computer lab undertake the test from this site and come back and discuss

• www.personality-tests-personality-profiles.com

WHAT MAKES YOU ?

WHO ARE YOU ?

WHY DON’T YOU HAVE EVERYTHING AS OTHERS ?

Introduction

Personality is like fingerprints.

It emphasizes how we are unique and are different from each other.

Our personalities can be very complicated and many-sided.

But that is what makes each one of us special.

DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITY

HEREDITY FACTORSHEREDITY FACTORSGENETIC FACTORS genetic factors play a major part in the formation of personality, but not every personality characteristic is originated from genetic makeup

ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORSFACTORSSITUATION – Interview, Marriage, Picnic, Death

PERSONALITY TRAITS

Enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behavior

THEORIES OF PERSONALITY• Type – Kretschmer & Sheldon Relationship established between features of or body and personality .

Classification on basis of physical basis is subjective. They do not carry substance.

Another basis for type theory is psychological factors as done by Carl Jung extroverts and introverts

Even this theory fails to point out the complexity of personality

• Trait – Trait’s are reactions not something a person possess. Assumption that a personality can be described by its position on a no of continuous dimension on scale.

Two ways of assessing personality traits. The person describes himself by answering questions about his

attitudes, feelings and behaviour – personality inventory Some one else evaluates the person’s traits either from what he knows

about the individual or from direct observations of behaviour. It is an improvement over type theory. Scale of dimensions

Theories of Personality

• Psychoanalytic – Sigmund FreudFreud compared our minds to an ice berg. A small portion which protruded above the surface of water which represents conscious experience; while the much larger mass below water level represents unconscious mind- feelings, thoughts & behaviour

Freud saw personality as being composed of 3 elements ID - “it” refers to the innate component of personality (contains

everything inherited )EGO - Mental images do not satisfy needs Super Ego - For a person to function constructively in the society he should acquire

system of values, norms, ethics, and attitudes which are compatible with the society, the right and wrong

Eg – A hungry man cannot satisfy his hunger by imagining a delicious meal. The hungry man must have food if the tension of hunger is to be reduced.

Theories of Personality • Social learning – The human behaviour is learnt and

modified. They regard a situation as an important determinant of personality.

Two ways of learning 1. Learning through reinforcement, direct experience.2. Learning by observing others – (Vicarious learning )• Humanistic Approach – Carl Rogers & Abraham

Maslow The theories stress a man’s positive nature his push towards

growth & self actualization. Their emphasis is on here and now rather than on events in early childhood that may have shaped the individual’s personality .

Self and Self actualization. The self consist of all the ideas, perceptions and values that characterize “I’ Me ; It includes the awareness ‘ what I am ‘and ‘what I can do’

Critical Thinking Questions

• Heredity determines personality

1) Build an argument to support the statement

2) Build an argument against this statement

Personality Types

• Extroverted or Introverted (E or I)

• Sensing or Intuitive (S or I)

• S- practical and prefer routine and order. They focus on details

• I – rely on unconscious processes and look at the big picture.

• Thinking or Feeling (T or F) T –uses reason and logic to handle .

• F – rely on personal values and emotions.

• Perceiving or Judging (P or J) J- want to control and prefer their world to be ordered and structured. P – flexible and spontaneous.

Personality Types

• Extroverted or Introverted (E or I)

• Sensing or Intuitive (S or I)

• S- practical and prefer routine and order. They focus on details

• I – rely on unconscious processes and look at the big picture.

• Thinking or Feeling (T or F) T –uses reason and logic to handle .

• F – rely on personal values and emotions.

• Perceiving or Judging (P or J) J- want to control and prefer their world to be ordered and structured. P – flexible and spontaneous.

This theory was developed by Katherine Briggs Isable Briggs Myers ( mother –daughter ).

Mainly used in hiring and team building process.

It is used while employing employees so as to match the job profile and individual personality of the person.

• INTJs – visionaries. They have original ideas and great drive to achieve it.

• ESTJs –organizers They are realistic, logical and analytical and decisive.

• ENTP- conceptualizer they are innovative, individualistic, versatile and attracted to entrepreneurial ideas.

• Some organizations using it include Apple computer, AT&T, Citigroup, GE, 3M , Tata Motors

16 primary Traits

The Big Five ModelThe Big Five Model

Major Personality Attributes Influencing OB

• Locus of control –Internal & External

Machiavellianism –propensity to manipulate people

• Achievement Orientation – Employees with a high need to achieve continually strive to do things better

Self-Esteem and Self-Monitoring

Risk-Taking• High Risk-taking Managers

– Make quicker decisions.– Use less information to make decisions.– Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial

organizations.• Low Risk-taking Managers

– Are slower to make decisions.– Require more information before making decisions.– Exist in larger organizations with stable

environments.• Risk Propensity

– Aligning managers’ risk-taking propensity to job requirements should be beneficial to organizations.

Personality Types

PERSONALITY JOB FIT THEORY – Holland

Identifies six personality types and proposes that the fit between personality type and occupational environment determines satisfaction and turnover.

Psychological Tests• 16 PF ( 16 Personality factor )• DISC ( Drive, Influence, Steadiness, Compliance • Thomas Profiling Objective Tests – predictive ability

& aims to match the behaviour to the job

MMPI - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory– Myers-Briggs TI

• Projective Tests– Rorschach Ink Blots – Thematic Apperception Test -the picture interpretation

technique because it uses a standard series of 30 provocative yet ambiguous pictures about which the subject must tell a story.

What Are Emotions?

MoodsMoodsFeelings that tend to be Feelings that tend to be less intense than less intense than emotions and that lack a emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus.contextual stimulus.

MoodsMoodsFeelings that tend to be Feelings that tend to be less intense than less intense than emotions and that lack a emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus.contextual stimulus.

EmotionsEmotionsIntense feelings that are Intense feelings that are directed at someone or directed at someone or something.something.

EmotionsEmotionsIntense feelings that are Intense feelings that are directed at someone or directed at someone or something.something.

AffectAffectA broad range of emotions A broad range of emotions

that people experience.that people experience.

AffectAffectA broad range of emotions A broad range of emotions

that people experience.that people experience.

Felt versus Displayed Emotions

Facial Expressions Convey Emotions

Guess which

emotion I’m

feeling now!

What Are Emotions? (cont’d)

• Emotional Intelligence (EI)– Self-awareness– Self-management– Self-motivation– Empathy– Social skills

• Emotional Intelligence (EI)– Self-awareness– Self-management– Self-motivation– Empathy– Social skills

•IQ is a score derived from one of several different standardized tests attempting to measure intelligence. IQ tests are used as predictors of educational achievement. •Modern IQ tests produce scores for different areas (e.g., language fluency, three-dimensional thinking), with the summary score calculated from subtest scores.

• Modern IQ tests produce scores for different areas (e.g., language fluency, three-dimensional thinking), with the summary score calculated from subtest scores.

• IQ was calculated as a ratio with the formula

Never Loose Hope & Never Quit Trying "Abraham Lincoln"

1816 - Family was forced out of home, and he had to work to support them1818 - His mother died1831 - Failed in business1832 - Lost election for legislature1832 - Lost his job1832 - Wanted to go to law school but couldn't get in1833 - Began a business and went bankrupt, spent next 17 years paying off the debt1835 - Sweetheart died1836 - Nervous breakdown1838 - Sought to become speaker of legislature and was defeated1843 - Defeated for Congress1848 - Defeated for re-election to Congress1849 - Rejected for job of land officer1854 - Defeated for US Senate1856 - Defeated for Vice President1858 - Defeated for US Senate1860 - "Elected President of the United States"

REFERENCES

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR -– Stephen Robbins, Aswathapa.

GENERAL READING – NEWS PAPERS , INTERNET , Business Gurus’ Speak