personality chapter 15. activity tear a blank sheet of paper in half. on a ½ sheet of paper-...
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Personality Personality Chapter 15Chapter 15
Activity Activity Tear a blank sheet of paper in Tear a blank sheet of paper in
half. half. On a ½ sheet of paper- write a On a ½ sheet of paper- write a
list of words/characteristicslist of words/characteristics that describe that describe youryour personality personality
On the other half…draw a pig.On the other half…draw a pig.
Get a partner that Get a partner that knows you- give them knows you- give them the empty half sheet the empty half sheet with your name on itwith your name on it
Your partner should now Your partner should now describe youdescribe you
Give the list back to the Give the list back to the personperson
Compare the list you Compare the list you wrote, with the list your wrote, with the list your partner wrotepartner wrote
Are there similarities & Are there similarities & differences? Why?differences? Why?
How are people How are people similar?similar?
How are people How are people different?different?
What makes you What makes you unique?unique?
PersonalityPersonality
A person’s unique and A person’s unique and relatively consistent relatively consistent patterns of thinking, patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. feeling, and behaving.
Theories of PersonalityTheories of Personality
Different theories tell us Different theories tell us how and why we have how and why we have the personality we do. the personality we do.
PsychoanalyPsychoanalysissis- - FreudFreudPersonality is Personality is
determined from determined from your unconscious your unconscious desires/ conflicts desires/ conflicts
(sexual & (sexual & aggressive) aggressive)
ConsciousnessConsciousness
• UnconsciousUnconscious- what you - what you don’t know is there- formed in don’t know is there- formed in early childhoodearly childhood
• PreconsciousPreconscious-- you don’t you don’t know, but can get easilyknow, but can get easily
• ConsciousConscious- what you know - what you know and can rememberand can remember
Psychoanalytical ApproachPsychoanalytical ApproachThe Unconscious MindThe Unconscious Mind
Unconscious MindUnconscious Mind – the most – the most basic of all human instincts and basic of all human instincts and desires live in the unconscious desires live in the unconscious mind. mind.
Primitive, uncontrolled thoughts Primitive, uncontrolled thoughts of sex, aggression, hunger.of sex, aggression, hunger.
Psychoanalytical ApproachPsychoanalytical Approach The Unconscious MindThe Unconscious Mind Unconscious Mind: Unconscious Mind: contains all of our contains all of our repressedrepressed thoughts, thoughts,
passions, desires, wishes, feeling, etc. passions, desires, wishes, feeling, etc. Repressed feelingsRepressed feelings are forcibly are forcibly
blocked from our consciousness blocked from our consciousness because they would be too unsettling because they would be too unsettling to acknowledgeto acknowledge
Psychoanalytical Psychoanalytical ApproachApproach
How do we How do we access the access the
Unconscious Unconscious Mind?Mind?
Psychoanalytical ApproachPsychoanalytical Approach Accessing the Unconscious Accessing the Unconscious MindMindDream InterpretationDream Interpretation
Manifest ContentManifest Content – the actual – the actual content of dreamscontent of dreams
Latent ContentLatent Content – the interpreted – the interpreted content of a dream and content of a dream and unconscious wishesunconscious wishes
Psychoanalytical ApproachPsychoanalytical Approach Accessing the Unconscious Accessing the Unconscious MindMindFree Association Patient reports all thoughts,
feelings, and mental images that come to mind.
Ie. Say the first thing that comes to mind when I say “Cat”
Freudian Freudian Slips-Slips-
mistakes mistakes from from
unconscious unconscious mindmind
The unconscious effects the The unconscious effects the conscious level in conscious level in symbolic, symbolic,
disguised forms.disguised forms.
Psychoanalytical Approach Accessing the Unconscious Mind
• The Freudian Slip - Speech• "As I was telling my husb—" before abruptly
breaking off and correcting herself: "As I was telling President Bush."
• Condeleeza Rice
• Does the Secretary of State have a tormented life??
Psychoanalytical Approach Accessing the Unconscious Mind
The Freudian Slip - Speech“Please do not give me any bills, because
I cannot swallow them” (Patient meant to say pills, but was really preoccupied by financial stresses)
“You’re the breast dressed woman here.” (Man to his neighbor’s wife at costume party. Should have said best. Does this men he lusts after her?)
TestingTestingProjective TestsProjective TestsPersonality tests that Personality tests that
provide ambiguous stimuli provide ambiguous stimuli to trigger projection of one’s to trigger projection of one’s inner thoughts and feelingsinner thoughts and feelings
Psychoanalytical Approach Developing Personality
The battle for satisfaction between the unconscious mind and our conscious awareness takes place on three mental battlefields:IDEGOSUPEREGO
Freud’s personality Freud’s personality structurestructure
Id- At BirthId- At BirthUnconsciousUnconsciousPleasurePleasure Principle PrincipleIrrational, instinctual, Irrational, instinctual, ImmediateImmediate
EgoEgo- comes with experience- comes with experienceReality PrincipleReality PrinciplePart Conscious (un, pre)Part Conscious (un, pre)Organized, rational, Organized, rational, acceptable ways to desireacceptable ways to desire
MediatorMediator
SuperegoSuperego- (5 or 6) - (5 or 6)
Morality PrincipleMorality PrinciplePartly Conscious (un, pre)Partly Conscious (un, pre)Values, acceptable Values, acceptable
behavior, “conscience”, behavior, “conscience”, guilt-shame-anxietyguilt-shame-anxiety
Ego Defense MechanismsEgo Defense Mechanisms
Your EGO must safely Your EGO must safely and responsibly satisfy and responsibly satisfy your ID, while keeping in your ID, while keeping in mind your SUPEREGOmind your SUPEREGO
• Too much for the ego= anxiety• Reality is distorted to keep
away the anxiety
Defense Mechanism• Your mind’s way of reducing
internal stress caused by excess anxiety
RepressionRepressionExcluding from Excluding from consciousness consciousness
all anxiety all anxiety producing producing thoughts, thoughts, feelings, feelings, impulsesimpulses
You can’t remember You can’t remember anything about a car anything about a car accident you had two accident you had two weeks agoweeks ago
The accident produces The accident produces too much anxiety- so it too much anxiety- so it “goes away”“goes away”
RegressionRegressionBehaving in a Behaving in a
way that is way that is characteristic characteristic
of earlier of earlier development development
(childlike).(childlike).
My 10 year old is sucking My 10 year old is sucking her thumb all of a sudden, her thumb all of a sudden, she stopped at age 2. she stopped at age 2.
After a divorce (she can’t After a divorce (she can’t handle the idea) she handle the idea) she reverts back to a “safer” reverts back to a “safer” timetime
IdentificationIdentification
When a person changes some When a person changes some aspect of their personality to aspect of their personality to be more like others – thus be more like others – thus reducing anxiety.reducing anxiety.
Occurs on a subconscious level – Occurs on a subconscious level – not just mimickingnot just mimicking
Defense Defense MechanismsMechanisms
when the EGO is stressed over whether when the EGO is stressed over whether not it is making the right decision not it is making the right decision regarding a behavior, instead of dealingregarding a behavior, instead of dealing
with the anxiety, with the anxiety, the EGO enacts the EGO enacts behavior that is exactly behavior that is exactly oppositeopposite of the decision it made of the decision it made
Reaction Reaction FormationFormation
Psychoanalytical ApproachPsychoanalytical ApproachDefense MechanismsDefense Mechanisms
A child, angry at his or her mother, may A child, angry at his or her mother, may become overly concerned with her and become overly concerned with her and rather dramatically shower her with rather dramatically shower her with affection.affection.
An abused child may run to the An abused child may run to the abusing parent. Or someone who can't abusing parent. Or someone who can't accept a homosexual impulse may accept a homosexual impulse may claim to despise homosexualsclaim to despise homosexuals
DisplacementDisplacementRedirection of Redirection of impulse toward a impulse toward a “safer” alternative“safer” alternative
I was really upset because my I was really upset because my seniors miss too many days of seniors miss too many days of class, I can’t hurt them, so I class, I can’t hurt them, so I pick something I pick something I cancan hurt hurt
I go home I go home and kick and kick my dog my dog
instead…instead…
RationalizationRationalization
Justifying Justifying your actions/ your actions/ feelings with feelings with another another explanation- explanation- not your true not your true feelingsfeelings
““I’m glad I didn’t get into I’m glad I didn’t get into that college- the drive that college- the drive would have been too far.”would have been too far.”
You were really upset You were really upset about not getting in, but about not getting in, but can’t face that anxietycan’t face that anxiety
ProjectionProjectionGiving Giving your own your own unacceptable unacceptable
urges or urges or qualities qualities to othersto others..
I don’t understand how I don’t understand how he doesn’t get a he doesn’t get a detention- he is always detention- he is always late to class!late to class!
You have been late 15 You have been late 15 times, but you don’t talk times, but you don’t talk about YOU.about YOU.
DenialDenial
Failing to recognize or Failing to recognize or acknowledge the existence of acknowledge the existence of
information that causes information that causes anxiety.anxiety.
No, I don’t have a drinking No, I don’t have a drinking problem, I can stop anytime I problem, I can stop anytime I want.want.
You are an alcoholic- your You are an alcoholic- your friends and family all know it, friends and family all know it, but you won’t admit it.but you won’t admit it.
CompensationCompensation Covering up Covering up
weaknesses, weaknesses, frustrations, frustrations, feelings of feelings of inadequacy or inadequacy or incompetence in incompetence in one’s life by one’s life by striving for striving for excellence in excellence in another area. another area.
compensationcompensation Under Under
compensation compensation – leads to – leads to inferiority inferiority complexcomplex
Over Over compensation compensation – leads to – leads to superiority superiority complexcomplex
SublimationSublimation The Transfer of unwanted behaviors The Transfer of unwanted behaviors
into something less harmful.into something less harmful.
Freud Freud considered it considered it the only the only healthy healthy defense defense mechanismmechanism
A person who is angry may A person who is angry may work out and get in shape as a work out and get in shape as a resultresult
A person that is sexually A person that is sexually frustrated may become an artist frustrated may become an artist and release the pent up energy and release the pent up energy and emotion into great works of and emotion into great works of art.art.
Psychosexual StagesPsychosexual Stages
Freud’s theory of sexual Freud’s theory of sexual developmentdevelopment
““Sexual” means whatever Sexual” means whatever brings pleasure, not brings pleasure, not procreationprocreation
Your Sexual Energy Your Sexual Energy (Libido)(Libido) is focused on is focused on different parts of the different parts of the body at different ages.body at different ages.
If too much or too little If too much or too little “energy” is expressed “energy” is expressed during each stage- a during each stage- a person can become person can become
“fixated”“fixated”Fixated stages affect your Fixated stages affect your
personalitypersonality
Oral StageOral Stage Birth to 1 ½Birth to 1 ½
Pleasure through eating, biting, putting Pleasure through eating, biting, putting everything in moutheverything in mouth
The primary conflict at this stage is the The primary conflict at this stage is the weaning process (becoming less weaning process (becoming less dependent)dependent)
Fixated?Fixated? If child has a problem developing If child has a problem developing
independence, fixation will occurindependence, fixation will occur
Personality is highlighted by Personality is highlighted by dependency issues, aggression, dependency issues, aggression, gullibility, sarcasm, lack of gullibility, sarcasm, lack of confidenceconfidence
Bites on pens, smokes, bites Bites on pens, smokes, bites fingernails, addicted to chap stick, fingernails, addicted to chap stick, chews a lot of gumchews a lot of gum
Anal StageAnal Stage 1 ½ to 31 ½ to 3
Potty training is the major conflictPotty training is the major conflict
Pleasure through control of Pleasure through control of elimination elimination
Developing this control leads to a Developing this control leads to a sense of accomplishment and sense of accomplishment and control. control.
Fixated?Fixated?inappropriate parental responses during potty inappropriate parental responses during potty
training can result in negative outcomes. training can result in negative outcomes.
too lenient: an too lenient: an anal-expulsive personalityanal-expulsive personality could could develop in which the individual has a messy, develop in which the individual has a messy, wasteful, or destructive personality. wasteful, or destructive personality.
too strict or too early: an too strict or too early: an anal-retentive personalityanal-retentive personality develops in which the individual is stringent, develops in which the individual is stringent, orderly, rigid, and obsessive. orderly, rigid, and obsessive.
Phallic StagePhallic StageAge 3-5Age 3-5Discover genitals Discover genitals (& difference (& difference
between girls & boys)between girls & boys)
Attachment to opp. sex Attachment to opp. sex parent, Jealous of same sex parent, Jealous of same sex parentparent
Oedipus ComplexOedipus Complex
Unconscious Unconscious desire for desire for opposite sex opposite sex parent – hostility parent – hostility toward same sex toward same sex parentparent
Boys & Boys & MommiesMommies
Electra ComplexElectra ComplexUnconscious desire for Unconscious desire for
opposite sex parent – opposite sex parent – hostility toward same sex hostility toward same sex parentparent
Girls & DaddiesGirls & DaddiesPenis EnvyPenis Envy
IdentificationIdentification To get rid of To get rid of
“urges” – “urges” – imitation of imitation of same sex same sex parentparent
Boys want to Boys want to only play with only play with Daddy, Girls Daddy, Girls only with only with MommyMommy
Karen Karen HorneyHorney
"Girls hold their mother responsible for their "Girls hold their mother responsible for their lack of a penis and do not forgive her for lack of a penis and do not forgive her for their being thus put at a disadvantage"their being thus put at a disadvantage"
Freud (1933)Freud (1933) Freud felt that Freud felt that allall women remain fixated in women remain fixated in
the phallic stage due to this “penis envy”the phallic stage due to this “penis envy”
I propose I propose that that menmen are are
fixated on fixated on this stage this stage
due to due to Womb Womb
Envy!Envy! They They feel inferior feel inferior
because because they can’t they can’t
give birth to give birth to children!children!
The concept of The concept of Penis Envy is Penis Envy is
inaccurate and inaccurate and demeaning!demeaning!
So take that So take that Freud!Freud!
Fixation in the Phallic StageFixation in the Phallic StageFor men: For men: Anxiety and guilty feelings Anxiety and guilty feelings
about sex, fear of castration, and about sex, fear of castration, and narcissistic personalitynarcissistic personality. .
For women: It is implied that women For women: It is implied that women never progress past this stage fully never progress past this stage fully and will always maintain a sense of and will always maintain a sense of envy and inferiorityenvy and inferiority
Latency StageLatency Stage
Age 5- PubertyAge 5- Puberty
No sexual energy (absence of libido) No sexual energy (absence of libido) – in part due to the growth of the ego – in part due to the growth of the ego and superegoand superego
Learns Learns gendergender identity identity
Guys are gross…Guys are gross… Girls have “cooties”..Girls have “cooties”..
•Girls play with girlsGirls play with girls•Boys play with boysBoys play with boys
Latent StageLatent Stage
Fixations do not Fixations do not develop in this stage…develop in this stage…
Genital StageGenital Stage Puberty + Puberty +
Reproduction capableReproduction capable
Mature, responsible urges Mature, responsible urges and pursuit of relationshipsand pursuit of relationships
No Fixation –No Fixation – any problems any problems arising during this phase is due to a arising during this phase is due to a fixation from a previous stage…fixation from a previous stage…
Updating Freud’s TheoryUpdating Freud’s TheoryModern Psychologists put Modern Psychologists put
less emphasis than Freud on:less emphasis than Freud on: Sexual basis of personalitySexual basis of personality Men vs. womenMen vs. women Freud’s Theories are updated by Freud’s Theories are updated by
the likes of Erikson, Piaget, etc…the likes of Erikson, Piaget, etc…