Persia and India

Unit 3

Bellringer

• Write down what you remember from the video last class about the Persian Empire

Agenda

• Bellringer• Religions Chart• Reading • Lecture • Timeline

– Homework Reading Ch 4.3 in textbook

Objectives

• Describe Zoroastrianism within Persia• Explain Persians tolerance towards others

Religions Chart

• Complete the Judaism Colum on your religions chart using your notes

• Complete Zoroastrianism column using pg 96

Mesopotamia after the Sumerians

• Assyrians– Warrior people• From Northern Mesopotamia• Lack of natural barriers make them war like

Assyrians Military

• Glorified military strength – Iron making technology • Iron swords, spear, and arrows

– Tactics– Engineering • Planned ahead

Assyrian Treatment of Captive People

• Killed or enslaved captives• Moved conquered people away from their

homelands

Assyrian Expansion

• First captured Mesopotamia and later Egypt and Anatolia

Assyrian Rule

• Organized territories into provinces

• Emperies close people to govern areas or supported Kings who gave in to the Assyrians

• Taxes and tribute• Armies protect the empire

Assyrian Culture

• War • Lion hunts• Capital city: Nineveh – Library

Fall of the Assyrian Empire

• Had many enemies • Chaldean destroy Nineveh– Rebuilt Babylon – Hanging gardens

Bellringer

• Pull out Grapes chart for Persia

Agenda

• Review GRAPES Chart • Persia PowerPoint • Creation of timeline

• Homework: Ch 3.1 and 3.2 Worksheet

Objective

• Summarize the key aspects of the Persian Empire.

Pop Challenge

• Place in the correct order.– Phoenicians– Persians – Babylonians – Assyrians– Hebrews

People of Mesopotamia

• Hebrews• Phoenicians• Assyrians

• All conquered by the Babylonians (the New Babylonians!)

• Then by the Persians

Assyrian Empire

(New) Babylon

Persian Empire

Babylonians

• King Nebuchadnezzar • Hanging Gardens (a Wonder

of the World)• Forced the Hebrews to

move to Babylon as slaves– Babylonian Captivity (also

called the Exile)

Persians

• Conquered the Middle East, Egypt, modern-day Iran and Afghanistan, Asia Minor, and even into Europe

1. Where would you find the oldest part of the Persian empire?

2. When did the Persian empire reach its greatest extent?

Cyrus the Great

• Founder of the Persian Empire• Conquered many lands• Known for his tolerance of other cultures and

religions• Allowed the Hebrews to return to and rebuild

Jerusalem

Cyrus the Great

• Called “the Great” because of his conquests, and because people loved him

• Persian Empire expanded easily, conquered peoples wanted to be a part of it

Persian Tombs

• Known as the “king of kings”

Cambyses

• Cyrus’ son. He’s not so great.• Cambyses is everything his father is not– Intolerant– Mean– Disliked

• When he dies, the empire falls apart

Ms. Heath’s Rule of World History #4

Power will collapse without respect

Darius

• The winner of a mini-civil war was Darius• Not related to Cyrus, but carries on his

tradition• Creates the largest empire in the world up to

that time

Darius

• Re-conquers the empire• Restores tolerance• Invades Greece• Creates the Persian imperial

achievements

Persia’s Achievements

• Imperial bureaucracy• The Royal Road

Imperial Bureaucracy

• Imperial = belonging to an empire• Bureaucracy = organizational structure in

government that is in charge of running things• Darius built a really good one to manage his

large empire

The Royal Road

• Connected the major Persian cities• Important for:– Communication (messenger system)– Trade– Moving armies

3. Where were the two endpoints of the Royal Road?

Persian Religion

• Called Zoroastrianism, named after the prophet Zoroaster

• Monotheistic – Ahura Mazda• Based on conflict between good and evil• People choose sides and their soul is rewarded

for choosing well

Persia Timeline

• Create a timeline of the Persian Empire– Label at 5 major events in Persian History – Write a Description for each event– Add two visuals for your timeline

Bellringer

• Pull out a piece of paper and divide it into 4 part. • Write Persia at the top• In the four section write the following and write

down what you remember for each section – Government– Religion – Achievements– Leaders

Agenda

• Bellringer• Review of Persia • Indo Europeans – Religions Chart

• Vocabulary

• Homework– Worksheet 7.1 & 7.2

Objectives

28. Explain the impact of Aryan migration into India.

29. Describe the major beliefs and traditions of Hinduism

PERSIA REVIEW Use the back of your paper

Question 1

• Place in the correct order 1. Assyrians2. Persians 3. Hebrew4. Babylonian

Question 2

• Which of the following was the Religion of the Persian Empire A. BuddhismB. Zoroasterism C. Hinduism D. Ziggerat

Question 3

• Compared to the Assryians the Persians…..1. Were tolerant towards conquered people2. Were Mean towards conquered people3. Tortured and cut off their heads

Question 4

• Which map if of the Persian Empire?

A B

Question 5

• Name one achievement of the Persian Empire

Indus River Valley

• Decline begins around 1750 BC• Reason for fall is unknown

India Geography

• Isolated– Peninsula– Sub-continent• Himalaya• Hindu-Kush

• But, mountain passes allow migration

Aryan Migrations

• Aryan nomadic groups– Come from north of

the Black Sea– Move into parts of

Asia and Europe• Settle in India among

the agricultural people already there

Aryan Culture

• Aryans brought elements of their culture to India– Gods– Sacred writings: the Vedas and Upanishads– Religious rituals– Social class structure

• Imposed their beliefs on the natives

World Religions Chart

• Pull out your world religions chart• Using your book complete the Hinduism

column of your chart – Pg 62-64 Chapter 3.2

HINDUISM

The Caste System

• The rigid social class structure in India, a part of Hindu beliefs– Caste determines your social status, job, friends,

spouse– Cannot change caste in your lifetime– Move up if you lead a good life and follow the

rules

The Caste System

The Brahman

• Hindu spiritual goal is to reunite their individual soul with Brahman, the “World Soul”

• The world, all individuals and individual souls, and all gods derive from the Brahman

Hindu Gods

• All gods are “manifestations” of the Brahman•Manifestation: appearance in bodily

form– Hundreds or thousands of “gods”– VERY open religion – can worship many different

things and be a Hindu• Is it polytheistic or monotheistic?

Hindu Gods

• Common Hindu Gods– Brahma, the creator

– Vishnu, the preserver

– Shiva, the destroyer

Freeing the Soul

• To reunite your atman with the Brahman, you must achieve perfect understanding: moksha

• This takes more than one lifetime! Reincarnation (or rebirth in a new body) occurs after the cycle of life, samsara, is complete

• Reaching moksha ends reincarnation

Reincarnation

• Your position in the next life is determined by

karma, the sum of your good and bad deeds and how well you performed your dharma, or the duty of your role in life

• Dharma is associated with your caste, and karma determines what caste you return to – a very serious punishment or reward

Ms. Heath’s Rule of World History #5

They’re called gods for a reason

Bellringer

On a sheet of paper answer the following question

Match the word with the correct definition

Moska Dharma Karma

1. the sum of your good and bad deeds 2. achieve perfect understanding3. the duty of your role in life

Agenda

• Bellringer • POP quiz • Buddhism Video • Religions chart

Objectives

• Explain the connection between Buddhism and Hinduism

• Identify the characteristic of Buddhism

Bellringer

• Write down 3 items you remember about Hinduism

Agenda

• Bellringer• Finish Video • Religions chart• Buddhism v. Hinduism

• Homework: Study your Hinduism and Buddhism Vocabulary words

Buddhism

Hinduism’s Problems• Some people did not like– Inequality– Inaccessibility (need

priests to interact with gods for you)

The Solution• A new faith• Siddhartha Gautama grew up sheltered from

the world. • When he left his palace, he was shocked by

what he saw– Became the founder of Buddhism

Buddha

• Siddhartha left his life in a palace to seek wisdom

• No one he met had any wisdom

• So he meditated under a tree until he discovered the truth about the world– He became known as the

Buddha: awakened or enlightened one

Four Noble Truths

1. To live is to suffer2. Suffering is caused by desire3. To end suffering, you must get rid of all

desires4. To do so, follow the Eightfold Path to

enlightenment

Nirvana

• nirvana : Enlightenment (unfair) • Enlightenment can be achieved by acting,

thinking, and believing in the proper way• Nirvana ends your soul’s reincarnation

Karma

• Buddhists believe in karma, much like Hindus• Instead of determining caste, karma provides

your reincarnated self with desirable qualities (wealth, beauty, influence, etc.)

• Karma is based on your intentions, not just your actions

Solving Problems

• Hinduism has inequality– Buddhism rejects the caste system. All Buddhists

belong to the religious community• Hinduism is inaccessible, requires priests– Buddhism is very personal, individual meditation

and self-improvement– Can reach nirvana in a single lifetime

About Buddha

• Buddha is not a god! “Buddha” is a title granted to Siddhartha Gautama

• Fat Buddha, and Buddha worship, is a later Chinese development

Religious Spread

Bellringer

• Pull out your Mauryan and Gupta Empire GRAPES Chart

Agenda

• Lecture Mauryan and Gupta Empires• Short Video Clip• Essay Writing

Homework • Complete your essay for homework

HEADS UP TEST NEXT WEDNESDAY!!

Objective

• Creating a compare and contrast thesis• Identifying the characteristics of Classical India

MAURYAN EMPIRE

Geography • Majority of India except southern tip

Religion• Hinduism • Buddhism– Asoka converts to Buddhism

Asoka• Chandragupta’s Son• Harsh and Brutal Warrior• Battle at Kautilya– Kills 100,000 soldiers– Feels bad– Starts studying Buddhism and

converts • Preaches nonviolence

Achievements • Unifying India• Sends missionaries to spread Buddhism-Asoka• Road system – Rest houses and wells for travelers

Political • Bureaucracy• Divides empire into 4

provinces • Royal prices govern

provinces– Officials collect taxes and

carry out laws

Economic • Farming• Trade- Indian Ocean trade

Social • Class system• Patriarchal

GUPTA EMPIRE

Geography • Smaller than Mauryan Empire – Northern and Central India

Religion • Hinduism

Achievements• Art • Literature• Science and Math

Political• Kings • Alliances with regional kings

Economic • Farming• Trade

Social • Caste System• Patriarchal